Abnormal Psychology Final Study

The correct answer is Diagnostic Statistical Manual. The Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) is a widely used classification system for mental disorders. It provides criteria for diagnosing and classifying various mental health conditions, helping doctors and healthcare professionals in accurately identifying and treating patients. The DSM is regularly updated to reflect advancements in the understanding of mental health disorders and to ensure consistency in diagnosis and treatment across different healthcare settings.

Freud is credited with the creation of the psychodynamic model. This model focuses on the unconscious mind and the influence of childhood experiences on behavior and personality. It emphasizes the role of unconscious desires and conflicts in shaping human behavior and psychological disorders. Freud's theories and techniques, such as free association and dream analysis, have had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continue to be influential today.

Psychologists commonly use a combination of psychodynamic, cognitive, and behavioral methods. This approach allows them to gain a comprehensive understanding of human behavior and mental processes. The psychodynamic method focuses on unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences, while the cognitive method explores how individuals perceive and process information. The behavioral method examines how behavior is shaped by environmental factors. By integrating these approaches, psychologists can provide a holistic and effective approach to understanding and treating psychological issues.

The correct answer is "I". This is because "I" is not one of the central forces as defined by Freud. The central forces, according to Freud, are the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id represents the primitive and instinctual drives, the Ego represents the rational and conscious mind, and the Superego represents the moral and ethical aspects of a person's personality.

Group therapy is a common treatment for the Sociocultural model because this model focuses on the influence of social and cultural factors on an individual's mental health. Group therapy provides a supportive and interactive environment where individuals can explore and address these social and cultural factors, as well as receive feedback and support from others who may have similar experiences. It allows for the exploration of interpersonal dynamics, social skills development, and the opportunity to gain different perspectives and insights from group members. Overall, group therapy aligns well with the sociocultural approach by addressing the social and cultural aspects of mental health.

Freud is credited with creating the psychodynamic theory. This theory focuses on the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior. It suggests that childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape personality and behavior. Freud's work laid the foundation for understanding the importance of the unconscious mind in psychology and has had a significant impact on the field.

The 4 D's of abnormal behavior are deviant, dysfunctional, dangerous, and distressful. These criteria are used to determine whether a behavior is considered abnormal. The term "demonic" does not fit into these criteria, as it refers to supernatural or religious beliefs rather than psychological or behavioral aspects. Therefore, "demonic" is the correct answer as it does not belong to the 4 D's of abnormal behavior.

Projection is a defense mechanism where a person attributes their own unacceptable impulses or desires to other individuals. This means that instead of acknowledging and dealing with their own thoughts or feelings, they project them onto others, believing that others possess these qualities or desires. This allows the person to avoid facing their own uncomfortable emotions or thoughts by attributing them to someone else.

The statement "According to the information presented in class, treatment of abnormal behaviors has always been humane" is false. The word "always" implies that throughout history, the treatment of abnormal behaviors has been humane, which is not accurate. In the past, individuals with abnormal behaviors were often subjected to inhumane treatments such as lobotomies, restraints, and electroconvulsive therapy. It is only in recent times that there has been a shift towards more humane and evidence-based treatments for abnormal behaviors.

Pavlov's classical conditioning of the dog is an example of the behavioral model because it focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through associations. In this experiment, Pavlov conditioned the dog to associate the sound of a bell with the presentation of food, which caused the dog to salivate at the sound of the bell alone. This demonstrates how behavior can be influenced and modified through conditioning and reinforcement, which is a key concept in the behavioral model.

Denial is a defense mechanism that involves refusing to acknowledge the source of anxiety. It is a psychological process where individuals reject or ignore the reality of a situation or their own feelings and thoughts. By denying the existence of the anxiety-provoking source, individuals attempt to protect themselves from the discomfort or distress it may cause. Denial can be a temporary coping mechanism, but if used excessively, it can hinder personal growth and prevent individuals from addressing their problems effectively.

The Biological model of therapy or treatment focuses on the biological factors that contribute to mental health disorders. It emphasizes the use of medication to address these biological imbalances and alleviate symptoms. Medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers are commonly prescribed to target specific neurotransmitters or brain functions. This approach is based on the belief that mental health disorders are primarily caused by physiological factors and can be effectively treated with medication.

In prehistoric times, people believed that abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits. This explanation was rooted in their religious ideas and understanding of the supernatural. They believed that evil spirits could possess individuals and cause them to behave in strange or abnormal ways. This explanation was also influenced by the lack of scientific knowledge and understanding of mental health conditions. The concept of evil spirits provided a way for people to make sense of and explain abnormal behavior in their society.

In the Psychodynamic model, the cause of dysfunction is believed to be unconscious conflicts. This model suggests that individuals may have unresolved conflicts from their past experiences that are stored in their unconscious mind. These conflicts can manifest as symptoms or maladaptive behaviors in the present. The Psychodynamic model focuses on exploring and resolving these unconscious conflicts through therapy, in order to alleviate the dysfunction and promote psychological well-being.

The DSM IVr, which is the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, contains approximately 400 disorders. This manual is widely used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify various mental health conditions. It provides criteria for each disorder, helping clinicians make accurate diagnoses and develop appropriate treatment plans. With its extensive list of disorders, the DSM IVr serves as a valuable resource in the field of psychiatry and psychology.

The most common type of current treatment for patients with abnormal behavior is drugs. This is because medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers, are often prescribed to manage symptoms and improve the overall functioning of individuals with abnormal behavior. These drugs can help regulate brain chemistry and alleviate symptoms associated with mental health disorders, allowing patients to lead more productive and fulfilling lives.

The therapy goal of the Humanistic model is self-actualization. This means that the focus of therapy is to help individuals reach their fullest potential and become the best version of themselves. Self-actualization involves personal growth, self-awareness, and the pursuit of personal goals and values. The Humanistic model emphasizes the importance of self-discovery, self-expression, and self-fulfillment in therapy, aiming to help individuals develop a strong sense of identity and purpose in life.

The Psychodynamic model utilizes free association as a form of therapy or treatment. Free association involves the patient freely expressing their thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship or judgment. This technique allows the therapist to gain insight into the unconscious mind and identify underlying conflicts or unresolved issues that may be contributing to the patient's psychological distress. Through free association, the therapist can help the patient gain self-awareness, explore their emotions, and work towards resolving their psychological difficulties.

Psychosis is not a model of abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology focuses on studying and understanding abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural models are different theoretical perspectives that explain abnormal behavior and provide frameworks for understanding and treating psychological disorders. Psychosis, on the other hand, is a symptom or a condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often associated with disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. It is not a model or theoretical perspective used to explain abnormal psychology.

The therapist role of the Biological model is to act as a doctor. This means that they focus on the physical aspects of mental health and use medical interventions such as medication to treat psychological disorders. They may also conduct medical tests and assessments to determine any underlying biological factors contributing to the individual's mental health condition. The Biological model views mental illnesses as primarily caused by biological factors, such as genetics or imbalances in brain chemistry, and therefore the therapist in this model assumes a medical role in treating these conditions.

Displacement is a defense mechanism that involves redirecting one's feelings of hostility or aggression from a dangerous or threatening object or person onto a safer substitute. This allows the individual to express their emotions in a less risky or harmful way. For example, someone who is angry at their boss may displace their anger onto a coworker or family member instead. Displacement helps to protect the individual from the potential consequences of directly confronting the original source of their hostility.

Trephination is not the process of adjusting the four bodily fluids in the body. Trephination is a surgical procedure in which a hole is drilled, incised, or scraped into the skull to treat various conditions such as head injuries, relieve pressure, or perform rituals. It is not related to adjusting bodily fluids.

A self-fulfilling prophecy refers to a situation where a belief or expectation influences a person's behavior in a way that ultimately confirms the belief or expectation. It has nothing to do with a patient understanding what their brain is thinking. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect, making the answer "False".

Based on the information provided, the correct answer is "All of the above". The case study mentioned in class likely highlighted that individuals with abnormal behaviors, as well as those who visit chat rooms for depression or suicide, are susceptible to joining a cult. This suggests that people who exhibit abnormal behaviors or engage in online discussions related to depression or suicide may be more vulnerable to manipulation and recruitment by cults.

In the Psychodynamic model, the therapist's role is to act as an interpreter. They help the patient understand and make sense of their unconscious thoughts, emotions, and experiences. The therapist analyzes the patient's dreams, behaviors, and patterns in order to uncover underlying conflicts and unresolved issues. By interpreting these hidden meanings, the therapist assists the patient in gaining insight, resolving conflicts, and achieving personal growth and healing.

In the case study discussed in class, it was found that the moon supposedly altered human behavior. The explanation behind this could be that the gravitational pull of the moon affects the tides, and since humans are made up of a significant amount of water, it is believed that the moon's influence could extend to human behavior as well. This concept is often associated with the term "lunar effect" or "moon madness", although scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited and controversial.

During ancient Greek and Roman times, it was believed that abnormal behavior was caused by an imbalance of bodily fluids. This theory, known as the theory of the four humors, suggested that an excess or deficiency of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, or black bile in the body could lead to mental and physical disorders. The imbalance was thought to disrupt the natural harmony of the body and mind, resulting in abnormal behavior. This explanation was widely accepted and influenced medical practices and treatments during that time period.

The human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body. They are responsible for various functions such as thinking, memory, and controlling movements. The high number of neurons in the brain allows for complex cognitive abilities and intricate neural networks.

Asylums were created during the Renaissance period. This was a time of great intellectual and cultural development in Europe, characterized by a renewed interest in humanism and a shift towards more humane treatment of individuals with mental illnesses. Asylums were established as places to provide care and treatment for those suffering from mental disorders, marking a significant departure from the harsh and often cruel treatment of the mentally ill in previous eras. The Renaissance period saw advancements in understanding mental health and the establishment of institutions dedicated to providing support and care for those in need.

The Humanistic model of therapy or treatment uses reflection. Reflection is a process where the therapist actively listens and mirrors back the client's thoughts, feelings, and experiences. It involves empathetic understanding and helps the client gain insight and self-awareness. This form of therapy focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and the client's own ability to make choices and find solutions. Reflection allows the client to explore their inner world and develop a deeper understanding of themselves.

Evidence of trephination, the practice of drilling or scraping a hole in the skull, has been found in prehistoric times. This procedure was performed for various reasons, including treating head injuries, relieving pressure on the brain, and even as a form of ritual or spiritual practice. Archaeological discoveries of trephinated skulls dating back thousands of years provide evidence of this ancient surgical technique being practiced in prehistoric societies.

The given answer is 10 because it implies that the majority of knowledge about the brain has been acquired in the past decade. This suggests that there has been a significant increase in research and advancements in understanding the brain in recent years.

During the Middle Ages, the prevailing explanation for abnormal behavior was the belief in evil spirits. People attributed any unusual or abnormal behavior to being possessed by malevolent entities. This belief stemmed from the strong influence of religion during that time period, where supernatural explanations were commonly accepted. The idea of evil spirits causing abnormal behavior was deeply ingrained in the cultural and religious beliefs of the society, leading to the widespread belief that exorcism or other spiritual interventions were necessary to cure such individuals.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that categorizes human needs into different levels. The top of the hierarchy is self-actualization, which refers to the fulfillment of a person's full potential and the realization of their unique abilities. Love, on the other hand, is not at the top of the hierarchy but falls under the category of psychological needs, which includes the need for companionship, affection, and belonging.