Review For Final - Abnormal Psychology
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Why are people with paranoid personality disorder difficult to treat?
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They frequently seek treatment, but insist upon therapists with excellent credentials
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They are untrustworthy, do not pay their bills and frequently do not show up
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They have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with therapists
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They need social skills training before they can engage in therapy
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All of the available quiz questions from the interactive site companion, chapters 11-14
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- 2.
What is the primary goal of therapy for dependent personality disorder?
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For the person to trust others
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For the person to be less fearful of social situations
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For the person to have greater empathy for others
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For the person to be more independent and personally responsible
Correct Answer
A. For the person to be more independent and personally responsibleExplanation
The primary goal of therapy for dependent personality disorder is for the person to be more independent and personally responsible. This is because individuals with dependent personality disorder often rely excessively on others for decision-making and reassurance, which can lead to a lack of autonomy and personal responsibility. By promoting independence and personal responsibility, therapy aims to empower individuals with dependent personality disorder to make their own choices and take control of their own lives.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Schizophrenia can disrupt a person's
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Perceptions
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Emotions
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Speech
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All of these choices are correct
Correct Answer
A. All of these choices are correctExplanation
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can affect various aspects of a person's life. It can disrupt their perceptions, causing them to have hallucinations or delusions. It can also affect their emotions, leading to inappropriate or flat affect. Additionally, schizophrenia can impact a person's speech, causing disorganized or incoherent language. Therefore, all of the given choices are correct as they represent different ways in which schizophrenia can disrupt a person's functioning.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Joan is careful to look through all her food carefully before she eats it because she fears her parents have orders from the CIA to poison her. Joan's experience is an example of what symptom of schizophrenia?
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Hallucination
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Alogia
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Delusion
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Flat affect
Correct Answer
A. DelusionExplanation
Joan's experience of fearing that her parents have orders from the CIA to poison her is an example of a delusion. A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is not based on reality and is not influenced by evidence to the contrary. In this case, Joan's belief is irrational and paranoid, as there is no evidence or logical reason to support her fear. This symptom is commonly observed in individuals with schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by distorted thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the most common cause of dementia?
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Alzheimer's disease
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Huntington's disease
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Pick's disease
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AIDS
Correct Answer
A. Alzheimer's diseaseExplanation
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. This results in a decline in cognitive function, including memory loss, confusion, and difficulty in performing daily activities. While other diseases like Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, and AIDS can also cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent and accounts for the majority of cases.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is NOT one of the personality dimensions in the five-factor model?
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Conscientiousness
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Agreeableness
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Neuroticism
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Hyperactivity
Correct Answer
A. HyperactivityExplanation
The question asks for the personality dimension that is not included in the five-factor model. The five-factor model includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism as personality dimensions. However, hyperactivity is not one of the personality dimensions in the five-factor model.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Suzanne wants others to make all decisions for her, even minor ones. When she disagrees with someone, she will not express her disagreement for fear of being disliked. She feels helpless and unable to care for herself and will go to excessive lengths to make sure others support her. She is very afraid of being abandoned. Suzanne's characteristics sound like
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Avoidant personality disorder
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Dependent personality disorder
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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Borderline personality disorder
Correct Answer
A. Dependent personality disorderExplanation
Suzanne's characteristics align with dependent personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a strong need for others to make decisions, fear of expressing disagreement, feeling helpless and unable to care for oneself, and going to excessive lengths to ensure support from others. Suzanne's fear of being disliked and abandoned also align with the symptoms of dependent personality disorder.Rate this question:
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- 8.
According to the DSM-IV-TR, three symptoms that are characteristic of ADHD are
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Poor language, low IQ, and poor social skills
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Low IQ, poor adaptive functioning, and poor communication
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Vocal tics, motor tics, and stuttering
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Inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
Correct Answer
A. Inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivityExplanation
The correct answer is "inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity." According to the DSM-IV-TR, these three symptoms are considered characteristic of ADHD. Poor language and low IQ are not specific symptoms of ADHD, while poor social skills may be present in some individuals with ADHD but are not considered core symptoms. Vocal tics, motor tics, and stuttering are associated with a different disorder called Tourette's syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What research procedure relates to participants' right to be informed about the purpose of a research study?
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Informed consent
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Experimental protocol
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Post-experiment debriefing
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Simple consent
Correct Answer
A. Informed consentExplanation
The research procedure that relates to participants' right to be informed about the purpose of a research study is informed consent. Informed consent is a process in which participants are provided with all relevant information about the study, including its purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights as participants. Participants are then given the opportunity to voluntarily agree to participate based on their understanding of the study. This procedure ensures that participants are fully informed and have the autonomy to make an informed decision about their participation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body is referred to as
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Trichotillomania
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Pyromania
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Kleptomania
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Intermittent explosive disorder
Correct Answer
A. TrichotillomaniaExplanation
Trichotillomania is a disorder characterized by the irresistible urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body. This behavior is often done as a way to cope with stress, anxiety, or tension. It can result in significant hair loss and can be difficult to control. Pyromania is a disorder characterized by the impulse to set fires, kleptomania is the urge to steal, and intermittent explosive disorder involves sudden outbursts of anger. None of these disorders are specifically related to hair pulling.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The comments "people are out to get me" and "I don't trust anyone" are most characteristic of a person with
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
Correct Answer
A. Paranoid Personality DisorderExplanation
The comments "people are out to get me" and "I don't trust anyone" are most characteristic of a person with Paranoid Personality Disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, leading to a belief that others have malicious intentions. People with this disorder are often hypersensitive to perceived threats and may interpret neutral or benign actions as evidence of harm or betrayal. They may also have difficulty forming close relationships due to their mistrust and suspicion.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The problems experienced by people with avoidant personality disorder closely resemble those of people with what Axis I disorder?
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Schizophrenia
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Social Phobia
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Major Depressive Disorder
Correct Answer
A. Social PhobiaExplanation
People with avoidant personality disorder experience extreme social anxiety, fear of rejection, and low self-esteem, leading to avoidance of social situations. These symptoms closely resemble those of people with social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder. Social phobia is characterized by an intense fear of social situations, fear of being embarrassed or judged by others, and avoidance of social interactions. Both disorders share similar symptoms and can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and quality of life.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following best describes a personality disorder?
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The typical way in which a person behaves across a variety of situations
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The symptoms or characteristics exhibited by a person that cause him or her to feel anxious, depressed or guilty
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The problems experienced by a person that do not fit into a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category
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A pattern of inflexible, maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations and lead to impairment of distress
Correct Answer
A. A pattern of inflexible, maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations and lead to impairment of distressExplanation
A personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of inflexible and maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations. This pattern leads to impairment or distress in the individual's life. This description captures the essential features of a personality disorder, highlighting the persistent and dysfunctional nature of the person's thoughts and behaviors. It also emphasizes the impact of these patterns on the individual's functioning and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Noah believes that he has a special relationship with the actress Angelina Jolie and that she is secretly in love with him. Noah thinks that her relationship with Brad Pitt is just a way to hide the fact that she really loves Noah. Noah's beliefs persist, despite the fact that he has never actually met Angelina Jolie. Noah does not have any other symptoms. Which of the following best fits him?
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Delusional disorder
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Schizoaffective disorder
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Schizophreniform disorder
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Schizophrenia
Correct Answer
A. Delusional disorderExplanation
The given scenario suggests that Noah holds a fixed belief (delusion) that he has a special relationship with Angelina Jolie, despite having no evidence or personal interaction with her. This belief is not accompanied by any other symptoms, which rules out schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, and schizophrenia. Therefore, the best fit for Noah's condition is delusional disorder.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Nan and Tom have been married for a decade. For many years, Tom has believed that other people are trying to harm him and Nan, beliefs that have persisted even though there's no real evidence of their accuracy. In the past few years, Nan developed these beliefs as well. What is Nan experiencing?
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Shared psychotic disorder
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Brief psychotic disorder
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Delusional disorder
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Schizophreniform disorder
Correct Answer
A. Shared psychotic disorderExplanation
Nan is experiencing a shared psychotic disorder. This is a condition in which an individual develops delusional beliefs as a result of a close relationship with someone who already has delusions. In this case, Nan has developed the same beliefs as her husband, Tom, even though there is no evidence to support these beliefs. The fact that these beliefs have persisted over time suggests that it is not a brief psychotic disorder. Additionally, since Nan's beliefs are specific to her relationship with Tom and not more generalized, it is not delusional disorder. Schizophreniform disorder is also not applicable as it requires a duration of symptoms longer than one month.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When stealing something, a person with kleptomania is likely to feel
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Guilty
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Relief
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Tense
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Sad
Correct Answer
A. ReliefExplanation
A person with kleptomania experiences an irresistible urge to steal, often driven by anxiety or tension. After successfully stealing something, they may feel a sense of relief as their tension is temporarily alleviated. This feeling of relief is a common response for individuals with kleptomania, as it provides a momentary release from the anxiety that accompanies their compulsive stealing behavior.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the typical focus of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder?
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Decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation and increasing empathy
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Increasing mood regulation and decreasing self-mutilation
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Decreasing criminal activity and increasing law-abiding behaviors
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Increasing independence and decreasing dependence on others
Correct Answer
A. Decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation and increasing empathyExplanation
The typical focus of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder is to decrease hypersensitivity to evaluation and increase empathy. This is because individuals with narcissistic personality disorder often have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others. By decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation, individuals can become less reactive to criticism and develop a more realistic view of themselves. Increasing empathy helps individuals with narcissistic personality disorder understand and connect with the emotions and perspectives of others, improving their relationships and overall functioning.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Susan passes a group of strangers sitting on a park bench. The strangers are talking to one another and not looking at her. Susan is certain that they are talking about her. Susan's belief is an example of
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Magical thinking
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Ideas of reference
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Superstitiousness
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Illusions
Correct Answer
A. Ideas of referenceExplanation
Susan's belief that the strangers are talking about her is an example of ideas of reference. Ideas of reference refer to the belief that unrelated events or situations are somehow connected to oneself. In this case, Susan is attributing meaning to the strangers' conversation and assuming that they are discussing her, even though there is no evidence to support this belief.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In order to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, the person must have shown the characteristics of what other disorder earlier in life?
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Substance abuse
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Conduct disorder
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Mania
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Schizophrenia
Correct Answer
A. Conduct disorderExplanation
In order to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, the person must have shown the characteristics of conduct disorder earlier in life. Conduct disorder is a childhood disorder that involves a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or societal norms. It is characterized by aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. Antisocial personality disorder is a more severe and persistent form of conduct disorder that continues into adulthood. Therefore, a history of conduct disorder is a prerequisite for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Paul, who has schizophrenia, jumps from topic to topic when speaking. He also talks illogically. Paul's symptoms sound most like
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Disorganized speech
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Waxy flexibility
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Flat affect
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Alogia
Correct Answer
A. Disorganized speechExplanation
Paul's symptoms of jumping from topic to topic and talking illogically indicate disorganized speech. Disorganized speech is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia, where individuals have difficulty organizing their thoughts and expressing them coherently. They may exhibit tangential or incoherent speech patterns, making it challenging to follow their train of thought. This symptom is often associated with disorganized thinking and can significantly impair communication and social functioning.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Delirium is likely to occur in all of the following EXCEPT
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A child who has a very high fever
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An elderly person who has dementia
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A teenager who broke her arm
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An adult who is improperly using medications
Correct Answer
A. A teenager who broke her armExplanation
Delirium is a state of confusion and disorientation that is often caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. It is unlikely to occur in a teenager who broke her arm because a broken arm does not typically cause delirium. However, a very high fever in a child, dementia in an elderly person, and improper use of medications in an adult can all lead to delirium.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Tamara is a first-grader at Eastwood Elementary School. Her teachers report that she is a poor listener and has difficulty completing her assignments on her own. She repeatedly gets up from her desk and wanders around the room, talking to classmates. When Tamara must stay in her seat during story time, she squirms. When the teacher asks questions about the story, Tamara blurts out the answers. Tamara's symptoms are consistent with
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Asperger's
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ADHD
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Conduct disorder
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Tourette's
Correct Answer
A. ADHDExplanation
The symptoms described in the scenario, such as poor listening skills, difficulty completing assignments, being easily distracted, talking to classmates, squirming, and blurting out answers, are all indicative of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Tamara's behaviors align with the common symptoms of ADHD, suggesting that this is the most likely explanation for her difficulties.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Delirium is characterized by
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Acute confusion, disorientation, and impaired consciousness.
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Deterioration of a broad range of cognitive functions.
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Difficulty remembering information and no other problems
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A break with reality that is not drug-induced
Correct Answer
A. Acute confusion, disorientation, and impaired consciousness.Explanation
Delirium is a condition that is characterized by acute confusion, disorientation, and impaired consciousness. This means that individuals with delirium experience a sudden onset of confusion, have difficulty understanding their surroundings, and may have a decreased level of consciousness. It is important to note that delirium is different from other cognitive disorders because it is typically temporary and reversible, whereas other cognitive disorders may cause a more long-term deterioration of cognitive functions. Additionally, delirium is not caused by drug use or a break with reality.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Echolalia is characterized by which of the following behaviors?
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Repeating the speech of others
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Mimicking the movements of others
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Staring ahead without blinking
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Continuously reading the same words
Correct Answer
A. Repeating the speech of othersExplanation
Echolalia is a behavior characterized by the repetition of the speech of others. This means that individuals with echolalia tend to imitate or mimic the words and phrases they hear from others, often without fully understanding their meaning. This behavior is commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder or certain neurological conditions, and it can serve various purposes such as communication, self-soothing, or processing language.Rate this question:
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- 25.
________ is characterized by impaired consciousness, acute confusion, and disorientation.
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Delirium
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Dementia
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Psychosis
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Amnesia
Correct Answer
A. DeliriumExplanation
Delirium is characterized by impaired consciousness, acute confusion, and disorientation. It is a temporary state of mental confusion that can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Delirium often develops rapidly and can fluctuate throughout the day. It is different from dementia, which is a chronic and progressive decline in cognitive function. Psychosis refers to a loss of contact with reality, while amnesia is a condition characterized by memory loss.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following accurately describes the connection between alcohol use and violence?
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Alcohol use cause violence in individuals with no tendencies toward violence
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Alcohol use increases rational thinking and therefore decreases the risk of violence
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There is no connection between alcohol use and violence
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Alcohol use may increase a person's likelihood of behaving violently
Correct Answer
A. Alcohol use may increase a person's likelihood of behaving violentlyExplanation
Alcohol use may increase a person's likelihood of behaving violently. This means that individuals who consume alcohol may have a higher chance of engaging in violent behavior compared to those who do not consume alcohol. This does not imply that all individuals who consume alcohol will exhibit violent behavior, but rather that the risk of violence may be elevated when alcohol is involved.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The most common learning disorder is _____, which occurs in _____ of the population.
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Reading disorder; 4% to 10%
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Mathematics disorder; 6%
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Mathematics disorder; 4% to 10%
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Reading disorder; 6%
Correct Answer
A. Reading disorder; 4% to 10%Explanation
The most common learning disorder is reading disorder, which occurs in 4% to 10% of the population. This means that a significant portion of the population, ranging from 4% to 10%, experiences difficulties in reading. This disorder can manifest in various ways, such as difficulty with word recognition, comprehension, or fluency. It is important to identify and provide appropriate support for individuals with reading disorders to help them overcome these challenges and succeed academically.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Long-term memory includes all of the following EXCEPT
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What you are thinking about right now
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What you had for breakfast today
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What you did for fun last weekend
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Your memory of your fourth-grade teacher
Correct Answer
A. What you are thinking about right nowExplanation
Long-term memory refers to the storage of information and experiences that have been encoded and retained over a long period of time. It is not concerned with what an individual is currently thinking about, as that falls under the realm of working or short-term memory. Long-term memory encompasses past events such as what one had for breakfast, activities done for fun last weekend, and memories of people like a fourth-grade teacher.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which personality disorder involves social isolation due to interpersonal anxiety and fear of rejection?
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Antisocial personality disorder
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Dependent personality disorder
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Schizoid personality disorder
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Avoidant personality disorder
Correct Answer
A. Avoidant personality disorderExplanation
Avoidant personality disorder involves social isolation due to interpersonal anxiety and fear of rejection. Individuals with this disorder have a strong desire for social connection but are extremely fearful of being criticized, rejected, or humiliated. They often avoid social situations and may have few close relationships. This fear of rejection and social isolation can significantly impact their daily functioning and overall quality of life.Rate this question:
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- 30.
One distinction used to characterize symptoms of schizophrenia divides them into what two broad categories?
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Positive and negative
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Paranoid and catatonic
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Episodic and chronic
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Active and remission
Correct Answer
A. Positive and negativeExplanation
The symptoms of schizophrenia can be broadly categorized into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences that are not typically seen in healthy individuals, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. Negative symptoms, on the other hand, involve the absence or reduction of normal behaviors, such as decreased motivation, social withdrawal, and reduced emotional expression. This distinction helps in understanding and diagnosing schizophrenia, as well as in developing appropriate treatment strategies.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What seems to cause the interpersonal problems experienced by people with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
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Fear of rejection
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Lack of empathy
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General rigidity
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Mistrust of others
Correct Answer
A. General rigidityExplanation
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder often experience interpersonal problems due to their general rigidity. This rigidity refers to their inflexible and rigid behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs. They may have difficulty adapting to new situations, compromising, or being open to different perspectives. This can create conflicts and difficulties in their relationships with others. Their need for control and orderliness can also contribute to interpersonal problems as it may be perceived as excessive or demanding by others.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following is NOT true of personality disorders?
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Personality disorder symptoms cause significant impairment or distress
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DSM-IV-TR lists 10 personality disorders
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Personality disorder symptoms are exhibited only in stressful situations
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They are categorized in Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR
Correct Answer
A. Personality disorder symptoms are exhibited only in stressful situationsExplanation
Personality disorder symptoms are not limited to being exhibited only in stressful situations. People with personality disorders may display their symptoms in a variety of situations, including both stressful and non-stressful ones. These symptoms often persist over time and can cause significant impairment or distress to the individual. DSM-IV-TR, the diagnostic manual, does list 10 different personality disorders, and they are categorized in Axis II of the manual.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which statement best summarizes the integrative model explanation of antisocial personality disorder?
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Antisocial personality disorder is primarily a result of inheritance
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Biological influences interact with environmental experiences to create antisocial personality disorder
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Genetic influences interact with other inherited disorders to create antisocial personality disorder
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Antisocial personality disorder is primarily caused by abusive parents.
Correct Answer
A. Biological influences interact with environmental experiences to create antisocial personality disorderExplanation
The integrative model explanation of antisocial personality disorder suggests that biological influences, such as genetics, interact with environmental experiences to create the disorder. This means that both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) play a role in the development of antisocial personality disorder. It is not solely caused by inheritance or abusive parents, but rather a combination of biological and environmental factors.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Delusions and hallucinations are known as _______ symptoms of schizophrenia, while avolition, alogia, and flat affect are known as _______ symptoms.
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Disorganized; positive
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Positive; negative
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Negative; disorganized
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Negative; positive
Correct Answer
A. Positive; negativeExplanation
Delusions and hallucinations are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia because they involve the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors. On the other hand, avolition, alogia, and flat affect are negative symptoms because they involve the absence or reduction of normal behaviors or emotions.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Dr. Myers prescribes medication to help control a patient's seizures. The patient reports that the medication also makes her feel calm and helps her sleep. Dr. Myers most likely prescribed a(n)
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Benzodiazepine
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Amphetamine
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Hallucinogen
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Opiate
Correct Answer
A. BenzodiazepineExplanation
Dr. Myers most likely prescribed a benzodiazepine because benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat seizures and can also have calming and sedative effects. This medication class works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to reduce seizure activity and promote relaxation and sleep. Amphetamines, hallucinogens, and opiates are not typically used to treat seizures and do not have the same calming effects as benzodiazepines.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The definition of substance abuse according to the DSM-IV TR is based on
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How significantly the substance interferes with the user's life
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The type of substance that is used
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How much of the substance is consumed per day
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How much of the substance is consumed per week
Correct Answer
A. How significantly the substance interferes with the user's lifeExplanation
The correct answer is how significantly the substance interferes with the user's life. This is because the DSM-IV TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) defines substance abuse as a pattern of substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress in various areas of the individual's life, such as work, school, relationships, or health. It focuses on the negative consequences and impact of substance use rather than the specific type or quantity of substance consumed.Rate this question:
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- 37.
People with Avoidant personality disorder report childhood experiences including:
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Excessive attention and affection from parents
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Rejection and conflict with others
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Parental reinforcement of conformity
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Being taught to be careful about making mistakes
Correct Answer
A. Rejection and conflict with othersExplanation
People with Avoidant personality disorder often report experiencing rejection and conflict with others during their childhood. This can contribute to their development of the disorder, as they may have learned to fear social interactions and avoid close relationships due to negative experiences. Rejection and conflict can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, which are common characteristics of Avoidant personality disorder. These experiences may also contribute to their avoidance of social situations and their tendency to isolate themselves from others.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following is a common long-term effect of steroid use?
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Mood disturbances
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Conduct disorders
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Schizophrenia
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Personality disorders
Correct Answer
A. Mood disturbancesExplanation
Steroid use can lead to mood disturbances as a common long-term effect. Steroids can affect the brain's neurotransmitter systems, leading to changes in mood and behavior. This can result in mood swings, irritability, aggression, and even depression. These mood disturbances can have a significant impact on an individual's overall mental well-being and quality of life. It is important to be aware of these potential effects and to use steroids under medical supervision to minimize the risks.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Using methadone as a replacement for heroin is one example of
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Antagonist replacement
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Aversive treatment
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Agonist substitution
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Contingency management
Correct Answer
A. Agonist substitutionExplanation
Agonist substitution refers to the use of a medication that has similar effects to the drug of abuse, in this case, heroin. Methadone is a synthetic opioid that acts on the same receptors in the brain as heroin, but with a longer duration of action and less intense effects. By substituting methadone for heroin, individuals can reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings, allowing them to gradually taper off the drug and minimize the risks associated with heroin use. This approach is commonly used in medication-assisted treatment programs for opioid addiction.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Research suggests that abnormalities in the ______ system may account for the pleasurable consequences of gambling.
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Dopamine
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Norepinephrine
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Acetylcholine
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Serotonin
Correct Answer
A. DopamineExplanation
Research suggests that abnormalities in the dopamine system may account for the pleasurable consequences of gambling. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the brain's reward and pleasure centers. It is released in response to rewarding stimuli, such as winning money or experiencing excitement, and is associated with feelings of pleasure and motivation. Abnormalities in the dopamine system, such as an overactive or dysregulated dopamine release, may contribute to the addictive nature of gambling and the pleasurable feelings associated with it.Rate this question:
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- 41.
_______ is the need for greater amounts of a drug to experience the same effect, whereas _______ is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken.
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Withdrawal; tolerance
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Intoxication; abuse
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Tolerance; withdrawal
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Dependence; withdrawal
Correct Answer
A. Tolerance; withdrawalExplanation
Tolerance refers to the need for greater amounts of a drug to experience the same effect. This means that over time, the body becomes less responsive to the drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the desired effect. On the other hand, withdrawal is the negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken. It is a set of symptoms that arise when the body has become dependent on a drug and is deprived of it. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe physical and psychological distress.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Joseph is staying up all night to study for an exam. He begins to feel sleepy around 1 a.m. and takes a drug to help him stay awake. Which substance will make Joseph feel more awake?
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An amphetamine
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A benzodiazepine
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A barbiturate
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Alcohol
Correct Answer
A. An amphetamineExplanation
Taking an amphetamine will make Joseph feel more awake. Amphetamines are stimulant drugs that increase alertness and energy levels. They work by increasing the release of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which promote wakefulness and reduce fatigue. Therefore, taking an amphetamine will counteract the sleepiness Joseph is experiencing and help him stay awake for studying.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Some users of hallucinogens report having
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An increase in a positive mood
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Enhanced spiritual experiences
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Hallucinations
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All of these choices are correct
Correct Answer
A. All of these choices are correctExplanation
The correct answer is "All of these choices are correct" because some users of hallucinogens have reported experiencing an increase in positive mood, enhanced spiritual experiences, and hallucinations. This means that all of the given options are valid and can occur when using hallucinogens.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Research suggests that all of the following psychosocial treatments are useful for people with schizophrenia EXCEPT
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Family education
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Hypnosis
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Vocational rehabilitation
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Social skills training
Correct Answer
A. HypnosisExplanation
Research has shown that family education, vocational rehabilitation, and social skills training are effective psychosocial treatments for people with schizophrenia. However, there is limited evidence to support the use of hypnosis as a treatment for schizophrenia. While hypnosis may have some benefits for other mental health conditions, it is not considered a standard or widely accepted treatment for schizophrenia. Therefore, the correct answer is hypnosis.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug will influence the way they act when using the drug. This phenomenon is known as the
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Dependency model
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Opponent-process theory
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Tolerance paradigm
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Expectancy effect
Correct Answer
A. Expectancy effectExplanation
The expectancy effect refers to the phenomenon where an individual's beliefs and expectations about a drug can influence their behavior and experiences when using the drug. Research suggests that if someone believes that a drug will have certain effects, they are more likely to experience those effects, regardless of the actual pharmacological properties of the drug. This effect highlights the role of psychological factors in drug use and can have important implications for understanding addiction and substance abuse.Rate this question:
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- 46.
What part of the developmental process seems to be lacking in children who later develop narcissistic personality disorder?
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Learning to feel confident in one's own abilities
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Learning to feel empathy for others
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Learning to be competitive with others
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Learning to take care of one's own needs
Correct Answer
A. Learning to feel empathy for othersExplanation
Children who later develop narcissistic personality disorder often lack the ability to feel empathy for others. Empathy is the capacity to understand and share the feelings of others, and it plays a crucial role in developing healthy relationships and social interactions. Children who do not learn to feel empathy may struggle to connect with others on an emotional level, leading to a self-centered and disregardful attitude towards others. This lack of empathy is a key characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Individuals with schizophrenia choose to stop taking medication for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
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Poor social supports
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Cost
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Side effects
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Enjoyment of hallucinations
Correct Answer
A. Enjoyment of hallucinationsExplanation
Individuals with schizophrenia may choose to stop taking medication due to poor social supports, cost, and side effects. However, enjoyment of hallucinations is not a valid reason for stopping medication as it is a symptom of the disorder and not a desirable outcome.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What is the relationship between genes and learning disorders?
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Mathematics disorders are caused by genes but reading disorders are not
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Learning disorders run in families and there seems to be a genetic link
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There are different genes responsible for different learning disorders
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Learning disorders do not have a genetic basis
Correct Answer
A. Learning disorders run in families and there seems to be a genetic linkExplanation
Learning disorders run in families and there seems to be a genetic link. This means that there is a pattern of learning disorders being passed down from one generation to another within families, suggesting a genetic component. The presence of a genetic link implies that certain genes may be responsible for the development of learning disorders.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Maladaptive changes that occur due to acute ingestion of a substance are part of
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Tolerance
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Abuse
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Withdrawal
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Intoxication
Correct Answer
A. IntoxicationExplanation
Intoxication refers to the maladaptive changes that occur when a person ingests a substance. These changes can include impaired judgment, altered perception, and physical symptoms. Intoxication is different from tolerance, which is the body's reduced response to a substance after repeated use, abuse, which refers to the excessive and harmful use of a substance, and withdrawal, which is the set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance after prolonged use.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Dec 18, 2012Quiz Created by
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