Review For Final - Abnormal Psychology

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  • 1/249 Questions

    Which of the following correctly identifies the relationships among psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and criminality?

    • Not all criminals are psychopaths, but all criminals have antisocial personality disorder.
    • All psychopaths meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder, but they are not necessarily criminals.
    • Psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and criminality are distinct and do not occur in the same individuals.
    • People with antisocial personality disorder may be psychopaths and/or criminals.
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Abnormal Psychology Quizzes & Trivia
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All of the available quiz questions from the interactive site companion, chapters 11-14

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  • 2. 

    The comments "people are out to get me" and "I don't trust anyone" are most characteristic of a person with

    • Paranoid Personality Disorder

    • Schizoid Personality Disorder

    • Borderline Personality Disorder

    • Antisocial Personality Disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Paranoid Personality Disorder
    Explanation
    The comments "people are out to get me" and "I don't trust anyone" are most characteristic of a person with Paranoid Personality Disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, leading to a belief that others have malicious intentions. People with this disorder are often hypersensitive to perceived threats and may interpret neutral or benign actions as evidence of harm or betrayal. They may also have difficulty forming close relationships due to their mistrust and suspicion.

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  • 3. 

    What is the most important advantage of using categorical models of personality disorders?

    • Such models simply and conveniently classify individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder categories

    • Such models are more flexible because they allow both categorical and dimensional descriptions of a person

    • Such models provide more information about each person

    • Such models acknowledge that personality disorders are extreme versions of normal personality.

    Correct Answer
    A. Such models simply and conveniently classify individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder categories
    Explanation
    Categorical models of personality disorders provide a simple and convenient way to classify individuals into either having a personality disorder or not having one. This allows for easy identification and categorization of individuals, which can be useful for diagnostic and treatment purposes. By using such models, professionals can quickly determine whether someone meets the criteria for a personality disorder or not, making the process more efficient.

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  • 4. 

    People with Avoidant personality disorder report childhood experiences including:

    • Excessive attention and affection from parents

    • Rejection and conflict with others

    • Parental reinforcement of conformity

    • Being taught to be careful about making mistakes

    Correct Answer
    A. Rejection and conflict with others
    Explanation
    People with Avoidant personality disorder often report experiencing rejection and conflict with others during their childhood. This can contribute to their development of the disorder, as they may have learned to fear social interactions and avoid close relationships due to negative experiences. Rejection and conflict can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, which are common characteristics of Avoidant personality disorder. These experiences may also contribute to their avoidance of social situations and their tendency to isolate themselves from others.

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  • 5. 

    The anxious and fearful personality disorders are placed under

    • Cluster A

    • Cluster B

    • Cluster C

    • Cluster D

    Correct Answer
    A. Cluster C
    Explanation
    Cluster C is the correct answer because it includes anxious and fearful personality disorders. Cluster C is one of the three clusters in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) that categorizes personality disorders based on similar characteristics and symptoms. Cluster C includes disorders such as avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, which are characterized by anxiety, fearfulness, and a need for control or reassurance.

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  • 6. 

    The problems experienced by people with avoidant personality disorder closely resemble those of people with what Axis I disorder?

    • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

    • Schizophrenia

    • Social Phobia

    • Major Depressive Disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Social Phobia
    Explanation
    People with avoidant personality disorder experience extreme social anxiety, fear of rejection, and low self-esteem, leading to avoidance of social situations. These symptoms closely resemble those of people with social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder. Social phobia is characterized by an intense fear of social situations, fear of being embarrassed or judged by others, and avoidance of social interactions. Both disorders share similar symptoms and can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and quality of life.

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  • 7. 

    What seems to cause the interpersonal problems experienced by people with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

    • Fear of rejection

    • Lack of empathy

    • General rigidity

    • Mistrust of others

    Correct Answer
    A. General rigidity
    Explanation
    People with obsessive-compulsive disorder often experience interpersonal problems due to their general rigidity. This rigidity refers to their inflexible and rigid behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs. They may have difficulty adapting to new situations, compromising, or being open to different perspectives. This can create conflicts and difficulties in their relationships with others. Their need for control and orderliness can also contribute to interpersonal problems as it may be perceived as excessive or demanding by others.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is NOT true of personality disorders?

    • Personality disorder symptoms cause significant impairment or distress

    • DSM-IV-TR lists 10 personality disorders

    • Personality disorder symptoms are exhibited only in stressful situations

    • They are categorized in Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR

    Correct Answer
    A. Personality disorder symptoms are exhibited only in stressful situations
    Explanation
    Personality disorder symptoms are not limited to being exhibited only in stressful situations. People with personality disorders may display their symptoms in a variety of situations, including both stressful and non-stressful ones. These symptoms often persist over time and can cause significant impairment or distress to the individual. DSM-IV-TR, the diagnostic manual, does list 10 different personality disorders, and they are categorized in Axis II of the manual.

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  • 9. 

    One reason that researchers are unsure about the onset of personality disorders is

    • That it is so responsive to medications, it is difficult to clearly identify problematic behaviors and symptoms

    • That it begins in infancy when there is little conscious memory of trauma

    • That it is often confused with other disorders

    • That it is difficult to study over time since individuals with personality disorders usually don't seek help until the disorder is well ingrained.

    Correct Answer
    A. That it is difficult to study over time since individuals with personality disorders usually don't seek help until the disorder is well ingrained.
    Explanation
    The answer suggests that one reason researchers are unsure about the onset of personality disorders is because it is difficult to study over time. This is because individuals with personality disorders typically do not seek help until the disorder has become deeply ingrained. This delay in seeking help makes it challenging for researchers to gather accurate and comprehensive data on the development and early signs of personality disorders.

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  • 10. 

    Which statement best summarizes the relationship between abuse during childhood and the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder?

    • Individuals with borderline personality disorder are likely to abuse their children

    • Having borderline personality disorder puts one at risk for being abused

    • There is a correlation between abuse and borderline personality disorder

    • Abuse causes borderline personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. There is a correlation between abuse and borderline personality disorder
    Explanation
    The answer states that there is a correlation between abuse and borderline personality disorder. This means that there is a connection or relationship between experiencing abuse during childhood and being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. It does not imply that abuse causes borderline personality disorder or that individuals with borderline personality disorder are likely to abuse their children. Having borderline personality disorder puts one at risk for being abused is not mentioned in the answer.

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  • 11. 

    What is the typical focus of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder?

    • Decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation and increasing empathy

    • Increasing mood regulation and decreasing self-mutilation

    • Decreasing criminal activity and increasing law-abiding behaviors

    • Increasing independence and decreasing dependence on others

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation and increasing empathy
    Explanation
    The typical focus of treatment for narcissistic personality disorder is to decrease hypersensitivity to evaluation and increase empathy. This is because individuals with narcissistic personality disorder often have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others. By decreasing hypersensitivity to evaluation, individuals can become less reactive to criticism and develop a more realistic view of themselves. Increasing empathy helps individuals with narcissistic personality disorder understand and connect with the emotions and perspectives of others, improving their relationships and overall functioning.

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  • 12. 

    Therapy for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may target the fear that underlies the need for orderliness.  What is that fear?

    • Fear that what one does will be inadequate

    • Fear of being unable to take care of oneself

    • Fear that others will deceive one

    • Fear of coming into contact with germs

    Correct Answer
    A. Fear that what one does will be inadequate
    Explanation
    The fear that underlies the need for orderliness in individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the fear that what they do will be inadequate. This fear drives their excessive need for perfectionism and order, as they constantly worry that their actions and efforts will not meet their own high standards or the expectations of others. They may feel intense anxiety and distress if they believe that they have not done something perfectly or if they perceive any flaws or mistakes in their work or behavior. This fear of inadequacy often leads to rigid and inflexible thinking patterns and behaviors.

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  • 13. 

    Schizoid personality disorder shares each of the following characteristics with the other Cluster A personality disorders EXCEPT

    • Ideas of reference

    • Constricted affect

    • Difficulty relating to others

    • Social isolation

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideas of reference
    Explanation
    Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by social isolation, difficulty relating to others, and a constricted affect. Ideas of reference, on the other hand, are not typically associated with schizoid personality disorder. Ideas of reference refer to the belief that neutral events or objects have a personal significance or meaning specifically directed at oneself. This symptom is more commonly seen in other disorders such as schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder, which are not part of Cluster A personality disorders.

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  • 14. 

    Which proposed personality disorder may be a subtype of narcissistic personality disorder?

    • Depressive personality disorder

    • Histrionic personality disorder

    • Antisocial personality disorder

    • Negativistic personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Negativistic personality disorder
    Explanation
    Negativistic personality disorder may be a subtype of narcissistic personality disorder because individuals with both disorders exhibit similar traits such as self-centeredness, a sense of entitlement, and difficulty accepting criticism or feedback. Negativistic personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of negativity, stubbornness, and resistance to direction from others, which aligns with the narcissistic traits of grandiosity and a lack of empathy. This suggests that negativistic personality disorder may be a variant or subtype of narcissistic personality disorder.

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  • 15. 

    Marybeth is highly self-critical and is judgmental towards others. Which of the new personality disorders might fit with these characteristics?

    • Passive-aggressive

    • Negativistic

    • Depressive

    • Sadistic

    Correct Answer
    A. Depressive
    Explanation
    Marybeth's high level of self-criticism and judgmental attitude towards others suggests that she may have a depressive personality disorder. Individuals with this disorder often have a negative view of themselves and others, leading to self-criticism and judgmental behavior. They may also experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and low self-esteem. These characteristics align with Marybeth's self-critical and judgmental tendencies, making depressive personality disorder the most fitting option among the given choices.

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  • 16. 

    A person with narcissistic personality disorder is most likely to also have

    • Histrionic personality disorder

    • Antisocial personality disorder

    • Paranoid personality disorder

    • Schizotypal personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Antisocial personality disorder
    Explanation
    A person with narcissistic personality disorder is most likely to also have antisocial personality disorder. Both disorders involve a lack of empathy and disregard for the rights and feelings of others. Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder have an inflated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration, while those with antisocial personality disorder exhibit a pattern of disregard for the rights of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and a lack of remorse. These two disorders often coexist due to overlapping traits and behaviors.

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  • 17. 

    Harry, a 15-year-old, has racked up 10 speeding tickets, regularly shoplifts, and enjoys drinking on weekends with his friends. Which hypothesis of arousal might explain Harry's risk-taking behaviors?

    • Underarousal

    • Dopaminergic

    • Fearfulness

    • Psychopathic

    Correct Answer
    A. Underarousal
    Explanation
    Harry's risk-taking behaviors, such as speeding, shoplifting, and drinking, can be explained by the hypothesis of underarousal. Underarousal suggests that individuals engage in risky behaviors to seek stimulation and increase their arousal levels. Harry's repeated speeding tickets, shoplifting, and weekend drinking can be seen as attempts to escape boredom and increase his excitement. These behaviors provide him with the thrill and stimulation he may be lacking in his everyday life.

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  • 18. 

    Dependent personality disorder seems to develop in individuals who

    • Are taught by parent to be careful about making mistakes

    • Are rejected by parents who do not provide enough affection

    • Do not bond with a caregiver due to early death or rejection

    • Have parents who reinforce conformity and neatness

    Correct Answer
    A. Do not bond with a caregiver due to early death or rejection
    Explanation
    Individuals who do not bond with a caregiver due to early death or rejection may develop dependent personality disorder. This is because the lack of a secure attachment during early childhood can lead to feelings of insecurity and a fear of abandonment. These individuals may have difficulty making decisions and rely heavily on others for support and reassurance. The absence of a nurturing caregiver can contribute to a lack of self-confidence and a strong need for approval and guidance from others.

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  • 19. 

    One study has shown that an effective treatment for individuals with schizotypal personality disorder included all of the following EXCEPT

    • Antipsychotic medications

    • Shock therapy

    • Community treatment

    • Social skills training

    Correct Answer
    A. Shock therapy
    Explanation
    The given question asks for the treatment option that is NOT effective for individuals with schizotypal personality disorder. The correct answer is "shock therapy." This is because shock therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is not typically used as a primary treatment for personality disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder. It is more commonly used for severe depression or other mental health conditions. The other options, antipsychotic medications, community treatment, and social skills training, are all considered effective treatments for schizotypal personality disorder.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following has NOT been examined as a possible cause for schizotypal personality disorder?

    • Abuse during childhood

    • Damage to the left hemisphere of the brain

    • Prenatal exposure to influenza

    • Schizophrenia genotype

    Correct Answer
    A. Abuse during childhood
    Explanation
    Childhood abuse has been examined as a possible cause for schizotypal personality disorder. This suggests that there is evidence linking childhood abuse to the development of schizotypal personality disorder.

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  • 21. 

    Manuel believes that radio announcers are telling him to call the president to warn about an impending invasion from Mars. This experience is called

    • Hallucinations

    • Ideas of reference

    • Superstitiousness

    • Magical thinking

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideas of reference
    Explanation
    The experience described in the question, where Manuel believes that radio announcers are sending him messages to warn about an impending invasion from Mars, is known as "ideas of reference." Ideas of reference refer to the belief that neutral events or situations have a personal or significant meaning specifically directed towards oneself. In this case, Manuel is attributing personal significance to the messages he hears on the radio, believing they are specifically intended for him.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is NOT one of the personality dimensions in the five-factor model?

    • Conscientiousness

    • Agreeableness

    • Neuroticism

    • Hyperactivity

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperactivity
    Explanation
    The question asks for the personality dimension that is not included in the five-factor model. The five-factor model includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism as personality dimensions. However, hyperactivity is not one of the personality dimensions in the five-factor model.

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  • 23. 

    Some authors have argued that personality disorders are biased against females. What information supports this argument?

    • One study found that psychologists incorrectly diagnosed more men as having histrionic personality disorder

    • Many women with one personality disorder also meet criteria for another personality disorder

    • More women are diagnosed with histrionic and dependent personality disorders, but the actual prevalence is equal in males and females

    • Several personality disorders represent extreme versions of stereotypically masculine traits

    Correct Answer
    A. More women are diagnosed with histrionic and dependent personality disorders, but the actual prevalence is equal in males and females
    Explanation
    The information that supports the argument is that more women are diagnosed with histrionic and dependent personality disorders. However, the actual prevalence of these disorders is equal in males and females. This suggests that there may be a bias in the diagnosis and labeling of these disorders, leading to more women being diagnosed with them.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder?

    • Lack of remorse after having hurt, mistreated or stolen from another

    • Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead

    • Reckless disregard for the safety of self and others

    • Style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail

    Correct Answer
    A. Style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
    Explanation
    The style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail is not one of the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of remorse after hurting, mistreating, or stealing from others, impulsivity or failure to plan ahead, and reckless disregard for the safety of self and others. The style of speech mentioned in the answer choice is not directly related to the diagnostic criteria for this disorder.

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  • 25. 

    Why are people with paranoid personality disorder difficult to treat?

    • They frequently seek treatment, but insist upon therapists with excellent credentials

    • They are untrustworthy, do not pay their bills and frequently do not show up

    • They have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with therapists

    • They need social skills training before they can engage in therapy

    Correct Answer
    A. They have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with therapists
    Explanation
    People with paranoid personality disorder have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with therapists. This is because they have a deep-seated distrust of others and are constantly suspicious of their motives. They may interpret the therapist's actions or words as being manipulative or threatening, which makes it challenging for them to open up and engage in therapy. This lack of trust hinders the therapeutic process and makes it difficult for therapists to establish a rapport and effectively treat individuals with paranoid personality disorder.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following best describes a personality disorder?

    • The typical way in which a person behaves across a variety of situations

    • The symptoms or characteristics exhibited by a person that cause him or her to feel anxious, depressed or guilty

    • The problems experienced by a person that do not fit into a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category

    • A pattern of inflexible, maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations and lead to impairment of distress

    Correct Answer
    A. A pattern of inflexible, maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations and lead to impairment of distress
    Explanation
    A personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of inflexible and maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that occur in various situations. This pattern leads to impairment or distress in the individual's life. This description captures the essential features of a personality disorder, highlighting the persistent and dysfunctional nature of the person's thoughts and behaviors. It also emphasizes the impact of these patterns on the individual's functioning and well-being.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is consistent with a dimensional model of personality disorders?

    • The view that personality disorder behaviors are distinct from psychologically healthy behaviors

    • The belief that a person either has a personality disorder or does not have a personality disorder

    • A model in which people are rated according to the degree to which they display certain characteristics

    • The classification model used in DSM-IV-TR

    Correct Answer
    A. A model in which people are rated according to the degree to which they display certain characteristics
    Explanation
    A dimensional model of personality disorders suggests that people are rated according to the degree to which they display certain characteristics. This means that instead of categorizing individuals as either having or not having a personality disorder, this model recognizes that personality disorder behaviors exist on a continuum. It acknowledges that individuals may exhibit varying degrees of these behaviors, rather than being simply classified as either "disordered" or "healthy".

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  • 28. 

    Widiger suggested that a dimensional model of personality disorders would have advantages over a purely categorical system. Which of the following is NOT one of those advantages?

    • Such a model simply and conveniently classifies individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder groups.

    • Such a model would be more flexible because it would permit both categorical and dimensional differentiations among individuals.

    • Such a model would avoid the often arbitrary decisions involved in assigning a person to a diagnostic category.

    • Such a model retains more information about each individual.

    Correct Answer
    A. Such a model simply and conveniently classifies individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder groups.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Such a model simply and conveniently classifies individuals into personality disorder or non-personality disorder groups." This is not one of the advantages of a dimensional model of personality disorders suggested by Widiger. The other options provide valid advantages, such as more flexibility, avoiding arbitrary decisions, and retaining more information about each individual.

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  • 29. 

    Researchers have pointed out that gender bias may exist in the diagnosis of personality disorders. The two types of biases are ________ and ________.

    • gender bias; measurement bias

    • reliability gender bias; diagnostic gender bias

    • gender stereotype; measurement gender bias

    • Criterion gender bias; assessment gender bias

    Correct Answer
    A. Criterion gender bias; assessment gender bias
    Explanation
    The correct answer is criterion gender bias; assessment gender bias. This is because researchers have found that there may be a bias in the criteria used to diagnose personality disorders, where certain criteria may be more applicable to one gender than the other. Additionally, there may be bias in the assessment methods used, where the assessment tools may be more accurate or sensitive for one gender compared to the other.

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  • 30. 

    Personality disorders are thought to begin

    • During the prenatal period.

    • During late adolescence

    • During adulthood

    • During childhood

    Correct Answer
    A. During childhood
    Explanation
    Personality disorders are believed to begin during childhood. This is because personality traits and patterns of behavior typically develop and stabilize during early childhood and continue to evolve throughout adolescence and adulthood. Early experiences and interactions with caregivers and the environment can shape the development of personality, and disruptions or adverse experiences during childhood can contribute to the development of maladaptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize personality disorders. Therefore, identifying and addressing these issues early in childhood can be crucial for intervention and treatment.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following personality disorders is diagnosed more often in women than in men?

    • obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

    • Schizoid personality disorder

    • Narcissistic personality disorder

    • Borderline personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Borderline personality disorder
    Explanation
    Borderline personality disorder is diagnosed more often in women than in men. This disorder is characterized by instability in emotions, self-image, and relationships. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder due to various factors such as biological, social, and cultural influences. Hormonal differences between men and women may play a role in the development of this disorder. Additionally, societal expectations and gender roles may contribute to the higher prevalence of borderline personality disorder in women.

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  • 32. 

    When studying the comorbidity of other psychological disorders, researchers have found that an individual who is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is also likely to receive a diagnosis of all of the following EXCEPT

    • Depressive disorder

    • Paranoid personality disorder

    • Antisocial personality disorder

    • Dependent personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Depressive disorder
    Explanation
    Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are likely to receive a diagnosis of depressive disorder. This is because there is a high comorbidity between these two disorders, with many individuals experiencing symptoms of both. However, research has shown that individuals with borderline personality disorder are less likely to receive a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, or dependent personality disorder. These disorders may have some overlapping symptoms or risk factors with borderline personality disorder, but they are not as strongly associated with each other as depressive disorder is.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is a new personality disorder currently being considered for inclusion in the DSM-5?

    • Mild personality disorder

    • Depressive personality disorder

    • Pervasive personality disorder

    • Dependent personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Depressive personality disorder
    Explanation
    Depressive personality disorder is a new personality disorder that is currently being considered for inclusion in the DSM-5. This disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of depressive symptoms, such as sadness, low self-esteem, and pessimism, that significantly impair an individual's functioning and quality of life. It is important to note that this disorder is different from major depressive disorder, as it refers to a long-standing personality style rather than episodic depressive episodes.

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  • 34. 

    Which proposed personality disorder is characterized by symptoms similar to dysthymia?

    • Negativistic personality disorder

    • Borderline personality disorder

    • Depressive personality disorder

    • Dysthymic personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Depressive personality disorder
    Explanation
    Depressive personality disorder is characterized by symptoms similar to dysthymia. Dysthymia is a chronic form of depression characterized by a persistent low mood, while depressive personality disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of depressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Both conditions involve persistent sadness, low self-esteem, and a negative outlook on life. Therefore, depressive personality disorder closely resembles dysthymia in terms of symptoms.

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  • 35. 

    A person with _______ personality disorder might go on to develop schizophrenia

    • Schizoid

    • Schizotypal

    • Anntisocial

    • Paranoid

    Correct Answer
    A. Schizotypal
    Explanation
    Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, and difficulties in forming close relationships. People with this disorder often display symptoms similar to those seen in schizophrenia, such as unusual thinking patterns and perceptual distortions. While not everyone with schizotypal personality disorder will develop schizophrenia, there is an increased risk for individuals with this disorder to later develop schizophrenia. This may be due to shared genetic and environmental factors that contribute to both disorders.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a possible cause for paranoid personality disorder?

    • Cultural factors that lead to misinterpretations of others' actions

    • A biological factor that runs in families and is related to schizophrenia

    • Lower density of dopamine receptors which increases detachment

    • Parents who teach their children to be careful about making mistakes

    Correct Answer
    A. Lower density of dopamine receptors which increases detachment
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "lower density of dopamine receptors which increases detachment." This answer is not suggested as a possible cause for paranoid personality disorder. The other options are mentioned as potential causes, such as cultural factors, biological factors related to schizophrenia, and parenting styles. However, there is no mention of lower density of dopamine receptors increasing detachment as a cause for paranoid personality disorder.

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  • 37. 

    Which personality disorder is characterized by detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations

    • Paranoid personality disorder

    • Schizotypal personality disorder

    • Schizoid personality disorder

    • All of these choice are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Schizoid personality disorder
    Explanation
    Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations. People with this disorder tend to prefer solitary activities, have little interest in forming close relationships, and often appear emotionally cold or detached. They may also struggle with expressing emotions and have difficulty understanding social cues or norms. This disorder is different from paranoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder, which have their own distinct symptoms and characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is schizoid personality disorder.

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  • 38. 

    George likes to be alone and typically chooses to do things by himself rather than with others. He is not anxious in social situations, but he does not enjoy relationships with others, including sexual relationships. He has few friends, and that is fine with him. George does not care what others think of him. George has the characteristics of what personality disorder?

    • Avoidant personality disorder

    • Schizoid personality disorder

    • Schizotypal personality disorder

    • Paranoid personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Schizoid personality disorder
    Explanation
    George's preference for being alone and his lack of interest in relationships with others, including sexual relationships, suggests that he may have schizoid personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression. People with schizoid personality disorder often prefer solitary activities and have few close relationships. They may also have a lack of desire for social interaction and show indifference towards what others think of them.

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  • 39. 

    Susan passes a group of strangers sitting on a park bench. The strangers are talking to one another and not looking at her. Susan is certain that they are talking about her. Susan's belief is an example of

    • Magical thinking

    • Ideas of reference

    • Superstitiousness

    • Illusions

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideas of reference
    Explanation
    Susan's belief that the strangers are talking about her is an example of ideas of reference. Ideas of reference refer to the belief that unrelated events or situations are somehow connected to oneself. In this case, Susan is attributing meaning to the strangers' conversation and assuming that they are discussing her, even though there is no evidence to support this belief.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is NOT an approach that has been used to treat schizotypal personality disorder?

    • Interpersonal psychotherapy

    • Antipsychotic medicatino

    • Community treatment

    • Social skills training

    Correct Answer
    A. Interpersonal psychotherapy
    Explanation
    Interpersonal psychotherapy is not an approach that has been used to treat schizotypal personality disorder. Schizotypal personality disorder is typically treated with a combination of antipsychotic medication, community treatment, and social skills training. Interpersonal psychotherapy is a type of therapy that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and is more commonly used to treat mood disorders such as depression.

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  • 41. 

    In order to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, the person must have shown the characteristics of what other disorder earlier in life?

    • Substance abuse

    • Conduct disorder

    • Mania

    • Schizophrenia

    Correct Answer
    A. Conduct disorder
    Explanation
    In order to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, the person must have shown the characteristics of conduct disorder earlier in life. Conduct disorder is a childhood disorder that involves a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or societal norms. It is characterized by aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. Antisocial personality disorder is a more severe and persistent form of conduct disorder that continues into adulthood. Therefore, a history of conduct disorder is a prerequisite for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.

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  • 42. 

    What is the primary difference between the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder and the Cleckley/Hare criteria for psychopathy?

    • The DSM criteria are observable behaviors, and the Cleckley/Hare criteria are personality traits.

    • The DSM criteria fit anyone who engages in criminal behavior, but the Cleckley/Hare criteria do not.

    • The Cleckley/Hare criteria fit anyone who engages in criminal behavior, but the DSM criteria do not.

    • The Cleckley/Hare criteria are observable behaviors, and the DSM criteria are personality traits.

    Correct Answer
    A. The DSM criteria are observable behaviors, and the Cleckley/Hare criteria are personality traits.
    Explanation
    The primary difference between the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder and the Cleckley/Hare criteria for psychopathy is that the DSM criteria focus on observable behaviors, while the Cleckley/Hare criteria focus on personality traits. The DSM criteria can be applied to anyone who engages in criminal behavior, whereas the Cleckley/Hare criteria are more specific and do not necessarily apply to all individuals who engage in criminal behavior.

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  • 43. 

    Which statement best summarizes the integrative model explanation of antisocial personality disorder?

    • Antisocial personality disorder is primarily a result of inheritance

    • Biological influences interact with environmental experiences to create antisocial personality disorder

    • Genetic influences interact with other inherited disorders to create antisocial personality disorder

    • Antisocial personality disorder is primarily caused by abusive parents.

    Correct Answer
    A. Biological influences interact with environmental experiences to create antisocial personality disorder
    Explanation
    The integrative model explanation of antisocial personality disorder suggests that biological influences, such as genetics, interact with environmental experiences to create the disorder. This means that both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) play a role in the development of antisocial personality disorder. It is not solely caused by inheritance or abusive parents, but rather a combination of biological and environmental factors.

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  • 44. 

    Family studies of borderline personality disorder suggest that it may be genetically related to

    • Schizophrenia

    • Mood disorders

    • Anxiety disorders

    • Alcoholism

    Correct Answer
    A. Mood disorders
    Explanation
    Family studies have indicated a genetic link between borderline personality disorder and mood disorders. This suggests that individuals with a family history of mood disorders may have an increased risk of developing borderline personality disorder. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the genetic factors involved in the development of mental disorders and may have implications for early detection and intervention strategies.

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  • 45. 

    What part of the developmental process seems to be lacking in children who later develop narcissistic personality disorder?

    • Learning to feel confident in one's own abilities

    • Learning to feel empathy for others

    • Learning to be competitive with others

    • Learning to take care of one's own needs

    Correct Answer
    A. Learning to feel empathy for others
    Explanation
    Children who later develop narcissistic personality disorder often lack the ability to feel empathy for others. Empathy is the capacity to understand and share the feelings of others, and it plays a crucial role in developing healthy relationships and social interactions. Children who do not learn to feel empathy may struggle to connect with others on an emotional level, leading to a self-centered and disregardful attitude towards others. This lack of empathy is a key characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder.

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  • 46. 

    Which personality disorder involves social isolation due to interpersonal anxiety and fear of rejection?

    • Antisocial personality disorder

    • Dependent personality disorder

    • Schizoid personality disorder

    • Avoidant personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Avoidant personality disorder
    Explanation
    Avoidant personality disorder involves social isolation due to interpersonal anxiety and fear of rejection. Individuals with this disorder have a strong desire for social connection but are extremely fearful of being criticized, rejected, or humiliated. They often avoid social situations and may have few close relationships. This fear of rejection and social isolation can significantly impact their daily functioning and overall quality of life.

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  • 47. 

    Suzanne wants others to make all decisions for her, even minor ones. When she disagrees with someone, she will not express her disagreement for fear of being disliked. She feels helpless and unable to care for herself and will go to excessive lengths to make sure others support her. She is very afraid of being abandoned. Suzanne's characteristics sound like

    • Avoidant personality disorder

    • Dependent personality disorder

    • Narcissistic personality disorder

    • Borderline personality disorder

    Correct Answer
    A. Dependent personality disorder
    Explanation
    Suzanne's characteristics align with dependent personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a strong need for others to make decisions, fear of expressing disagreement, feeling helpless and unable to care for oneself, and going to excessive lengths to ensure support from others. Suzanne's fear of being disliked and abandoned also align with the symptoms of dependent personality disorder.

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  • 48. 

    What is the primary goal of therapy for dependent personality disorder?

    • For the person to trust others

    • For the person to be less fearful of social situations

    • For the person to have greater empathy for others

    • For the person to be more independent and personally responsible

    Correct Answer
    A. For the person to be more independent and personally responsible
    Explanation
    The primary goal of therapy for dependent personality disorder is for the person to be more independent and personally responsible. This is because individuals with dependent personality disorder often rely excessively on others for decision-making and reassurance, which can lead to a lack of autonomy and personal responsibility. By promoting independence and personal responsibility, therapy aims to empower individuals with dependent personality disorder to make their own choices and take control of their own lives.

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  • 49. 

     What is the relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    • They share the same symptoms, but the personality disorder is chronic.

    • People with personality disorder usually show signs of OCD.

    • People with OCD sometimes show signs of the personality disorder

    • They are caused by the same underlying factor.

    Correct Answer
    A. People with OCD sometimes show signs of the personality disorder
    Explanation
    People with OCD sometimes show signs of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). While the two disorders share similar symptoms, such as obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, OCPD is characterized by a chronic and pervasive pattern of perfectionism, rigidity, and control. Individuals with OCD may exhibit traits of OCPD, but not everyone with OCD will meet the criteria for a diagnosis of OCPD. Therefore, the answer suggests that there can be an overlap between the two disorders, with individuals with OCD occasionally displaying signs of OCPD.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 18, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Jacquelyn_agee

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