Biochemistry Basics Of Carbohydrates Quiz

Reviewed by Editorial Team
The ProProfs editorial team is comprised of experienced subject matter experts. They've collectively created over 10,000 quizzes and lessons, serving over 100 million users. Our team includes in-house content moderators and subject matter experts, as well as a global network of rigorously trained contributors. All adhere to our comprehensive editorial guidelines, ensuring the delivery of high-quality content.
Learn about Our Editorial Process
| By Ech2w
E
Ech2w
Community Contributor
Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 444
| Attempts: 444
Quiz Flashcard Lesson
SettingsSettings
Please wait...
  • 1/58 Questions

    Which form of cholesterol transport is most closely associated with a lowered risk of atherosclerosis and therefore considered to be a "good" cholesterol?

    • A) high density lipoprotein (HDL)
    • B) chylomicrons
    • C) low density lipoproteins (LDL)
    • D) very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
    • E) monoglycerides
Please wait...
About This Quiz

Explore the fundamentals of biochemistry in this engaging quiz, focusing on carbohydrates, hormones, cholesterol, and cellular processes. Test your understanding of key physiological mechanisms and their implications for health.

Endocrinology Quizzes & Trivia

Quiz Preview

  • 2. 

    The sum total of all the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life is termed:

    • A) anabolism

    • B) metabolism

    • C) catabolism

    • D) cannibalism

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. B) metabolism
    Explanation
    Metabolism refers to the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism to maintain life. It includes both anabolism, which is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, and catabolism, which is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Metabolism is essential for energy production, growth, repair, and other vital functions in living organisms. Cannibalism, on the other hand, refers to the act of one organism consuming another of the same species, and is not related to the chemical reactions necessary for life.

    Rate this question:

  • 3. 

    Which organ is important to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism because its cells can store both carbohydrate (as glycogen) and lipids (as triglycerides)?

    • A) stomach

    • B) large intestine

    • C) pancreas

    • D) liver

    • E) gall bladder

    Correct Answer
    A. D) liver
    Explanation
    The liver is important to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism because its cells can store both carbohydrate (as glycogen) and lipids (as triglycerides). The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by storing excess glucose as glycogen and releasing it when needed. It is also responsible for synthesizing and breaking down lipids, including triglycerides. Additionally, the liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer for this question.

    Rate this question:

  • 4. 

    Which class of enzymes produces glucose from complex carbohydrates?

    • A) carboxypeptidase

    • B) amylase

    • C) trypsin

    • D) lipase

    • E) ribonuclease

    Correct Answer
    A. B) amylase
    Explanation
    Amylase is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that specifically breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas and plays a crucial role in the digestion of starches and glycogen. Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds in complex carbohydrates, such as starch, releasing glucose molecules. This process is essential for the body to obtain energy from carbohydrates. Carboxypeptidase, trypsin, lipase, and ribonuclease are enzymes that have different functions and are not involved in the production of glucose from complex carbohydrates.

    Rate this question:

  • 5. 

    Which organ actually produces most of the enzymes required for digestion?

    • A) stomach

    • B) small intestine

    • C) pancreas

    • D) liver

    • E) gall bladder

    Correct Answer
    A. C) pancreas
    Explanation
    The pancreas is the organ that actually produces most of the enzymes required for digestion. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach also produces some enzymes, but the majority of them are produced by the pancreas. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients, not producing enzymes. The liver produces bile, which helps with the digestion of fats, but it does not produce enzymes. The gall bladder stores and releases bile, but it does not produce enzymes.

    Rate this question:

  • 6. 

    In the post absorptive state, glycogen is hydrolyzed to liberate glucose. This process is called?

    • A) glycogenolysis

    • B) glycolysis

    • C) gluconeogenesis

    • D) lipolysis

    • E) proteolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. A) glycogenolysis
    Explanation
    In the post absorptive state, when the body is not receiving any nutrients from the digestive system, glycogen stored in the liver and muscles is broken down into glucose to provide energy to the body. This process is known as glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis is the correct answer because it accurately describes the process of hydrolyzing glycogen to liberate glucose. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose, gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, lipolysis is the breakdown of fats, and proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins.

    Rate this question:

  • 7. 

    Which nutrient is classified as a micronutrient (only small quantities required)?

    • A) lipids

    • B) vitamins

    • C) water

    • D) carbohydrates

    • E) proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. B) vitamins
    Explanation
    Vitamins are classified as micronutrients because they are required in small quantities for proper functioning of the body. They are essential for various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and development. While macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are needed in larger amounts, vitamins are needed in smaller quantities. Water is not classified as a nutrient, but it is essential for overall health and hydration. Therefore, the correct answer is B) vitamins.

    Rate this question:

  • 8. 

    After a sperm cell combines with an oocyte, what happens next?

    • A) acrosomal reaction

    • B) oocyte completes the 2nd meiotic division

    • C) the total number of chromosomes decreases

    • D) oocyte immediately "hatches" from the zone pellucida

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. B) oocyte completes the 2nd meiotic division
    Explanation
    After a sperm cell combines with an oocyte, the oocyte completes the 2nd meiotic division. This is an essential step in fertilization where the oocyte divides into two unequal cells, one being the mature egg and the other being a polar body. This division ensures that the egg has the correct number of chromosomes to combine with the sperm during fertilization. The acrosomal reaction refers to the release of enzymes from the sperm to penetrate the oocyte's protective layers. The total number of chromosomes does not decrease at this stage, and the oocyte does not immediately "hatch" from the zone pellucida.

    Rate this question:

  • 9. 

    What would be the overall effect on the liver of a decrease in plasma [insulin] accompanied by increases in glucagon, epinephrine, and sympathetic nervous system activity?

    • A) increase glycogenolysis

    • B) decreased glycogenolysis

    • C) decreased gluconeogenesis

    • D) decrease lipolysis

    • E) decreased proteolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. A) increase glycogenolysis
    Explanation
    A decrease in plasma insulin levels accompanied by increases in glucagon, epinephrine, and sympathetic nervous system activity would result in an overall increase in glycogenolysis. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis and storage in the liver, so a decrease in insulin would lead to a decrease in glycogen synthesis and an increase in glycogen breakdown. Glucagon, epinephrine, and sympathetic nervous system activity all stimulate glycogenolysis, further contributing to the overall increase in glycogen breakdown. Therefore, the correct answer is A) increase glycogenolysis.

    Rate this question:

  • 10. 

    Gluconeogenesis is an anabolic process in which:

    • A) glycogen is broken down into glucose

    • B) glycogen is formed

    • C) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources

    • D) glucose is converted into CO2 and water

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources
    Explanation
    Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources in the body. This process occurs primarily in the liver and kidneys and is important for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. Noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol can be converted into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions. This process helps to provide a steady supply of glucose to the brain and other tissues that rely on glucose as their primary fuel source.

    Rate this question:

  • 11. 

    An ovarial follicle with a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells would be classified as?

    • A) primoridial follicle

    • B) primary follicle

    • C) secondary follicle

    • D) Graafian follicle

    • E) atretic follicle

    Correct Answer
    A. B) primary follicle
    Explanation
    An ovarial follicle with a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells would be classified as a primary follicle. This is because a primary follicle is characterized by the presence of a primary oocyte, which is the earliest stage of oocyte development. The single layer of cuboidal cells, known as granulosa cells, is also a characteristic of a primary follicle. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct classification for this ovarial follicle would be a primary follicle.

    Rate this question:

  • 12. 

    The maximum number of oocytes in an ovary will occur at what stage of development?

    • A) 18-week-old fetus

    • B) 1-week-old infant

    • C) 7-year-old child

    • D) 20-year-old woman

    • E) 55-year-old woman

    Correct Answer
    A. A) 18-week-old fetus
    Explanation
    During fetal development, the ovaries contain the maximum number of oocytes. Oocytes are the immature eggs that have the potential to develop into mature eggs. As a woman ages, the number of oocytes in her ovaries gradually decreases through a process called ovarian follicle atresia. Therefore, the highest number of oocytes is present during the fetal stage of development, specifically around 18 weeks.

    Rate this question:

  • 13. 

    Which stomach hormone acts on the hypothalamus to promote the sensation of hunger?

    • A) leptin

    • B) ghrelin

    • C) cholecystokinin

    • D) peptide YY

    • E) insulin

    Correct Answer
    A. B) ghrelin
    Explanation
    Ghrelin is a stomach hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to promote the sensation of hunger. It is produced in the stomach and signals the brain to increase appetite and food intake. Ghrelin levels increase before meals and decrease after meals, playing a role in regulating hunger and satiety.

    Rate this question:

  • 14. 

    In a 20-year old female the reproductive tract "transition zone" where squamous cell transformation can be detected by a Pap smear occurs where?

    • A) uterine-cervical junction

    • B) endocervical canal (endocervix)

    • C) cervical-vaginal junction (exocervix)

    • D) oviduct-uterine junction

    • E) body of the vagina

    Correct Answer
    A. C) cervical-vaginal junction (exocervix)
    Explanation
    The "transition zone" where squamous cell transformation can be detected by a Pap smear occurs at the cervical-vaginal junction (exocervix). This is the area where the squamous epithelium of the vagina transitions into the columnar epithelium of the cervix. It is an important site for detecting abnormal cell changes that may indicate cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. The Pap smear involves collecting cells from this area to be examined for any abnormalities.

    Rate this question:

  • 15. 

    Which area if the gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of fluid reabsorption that compensates for the large daily fluid production (approximately 10 L)?

    • A) esophagus

    • B) stomach

    • C) small intestine

    • D) colon

    • E) rectum

    Correct Answer
    A. C) small intestine
    Explanation
    The small intestine is the primary site of fluid reabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract. It is responsible for the absorption of nutrients and water from the food we consume. The small intestine has a large surface area due to its numerous folds and villi, which increases the absorption capacity. This allows it to efficiently reabsorb the large amount of fluid produced daily by the body, approximately 10 liters. The other options, such as the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum, do not have the same capacity for fluid reabsorption as the small intestine.

    Rate this question:

  • 16. 

    Nutrients from the small intestine are transported to the liver via which major blood vessel?

    • A) celiac artery

    • B) superior mesentreric artery

    • C) inferior mesenteric artery

    • D) hepatic portal vein

    • E) hepatic artery

    Correct Answer
    A. D) hepatic portal vein
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D) hepatic portal vein. The hepatic portal vein is responsible for carrying nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine to the liver. This allows the liver to process and metabolize the nutrients before they are distributed to the rest of the body. The celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and hepatic artery are all blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to various organs, but they are not involved in transporting nutrients from the small intestine to the liver.

    Rate this question:

  • 17. 

    The function of the colon is to absorb:

    • A) vitamins

    • B) water

    • C) fats

    • D) carbohydrates

    • E) proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. B) water
    Explanation
    The colon is responsible for absorbing water from the digested food as it passes through the large intestine. This absorption of water helps in the formation of solid feces and prevents dehydration.

    Rate this question:

  • 18. 

    Which combination would best describe a mature (Graafian) follicle just prior to ovulation?

    • A) Secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, large continuous antrum

    • B) primary oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, large continuous antrum

    • C) secondary oocyte, corona radiata, large continuous antrum

    • D) secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, large continuous antrum

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A) Secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, large continuous antrum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A) Secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, large continuous antrum. This combination best describes a mature (Graafian) follicle just prior to ovulation. A mature follicle contains a secondary oocyte, which is the egg that is ready to be released. It is surrounded by the zona pellucida, a protective layer, and the corona radiata, which are layers of cells that support the oocyte. Additionally, a mature follicle has a large continuous antrum, which is a fluid-filled cavity within the follicle.

    Rate this question:

  • 19. 

    The implanting blastocyst "rescues" the corpus luteum by?

    • A) secreting large quantities of FSH and LH

    • B) secreting GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH

    • C) secreting chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

    • D) secreting progesterone and estrogen

    • E) all of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C) secreting chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
    Explanation
    The correct answer is C) secreting chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The implanting blastocyst secretes chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a hormone that helps to maintain the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is responsible for producing progesterone, which is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy. If the corpus luteum were to degenerate, progesterone levels would decrease and the pregnancy would be at risk. Therefore, the secretion of hCG by the implanting blastocyst "rescues" the corpus luteum by ensuring its continued function and the production of progesterone.

    Rate this question:

  • 20. 

    Implantation specifically describes:

    • A) fusion of egg and sperm

    • B) formation of germ layers

    • C) embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall

    • D) zona pellucida "hatching"

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C) embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall
    Explanation
    Implantation specifically describes the process of the blastocyst, which is the early stage of the embryo, attaching and embedding itself into the uterine wall. This is an essential step for pregnancy to occur, as it allows the embryo to receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream. The fusion of egg and sperm, formation of germ layers, and zona pellucida "hatching" are all important processes in embryonic development, but they do not specifically describe the process of implantation. Therefore, the correct answer is C) embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall.

    Rate this question:

  • 21. 

    The most important hormone in long-term regulation of BMR is?

    • A) growth hormone

    • B) cortisol

    • C) thyroid hormone

    • D) epinephrine

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C) thyroid hormone
    Explanation
    Thyroid hormone is the most important hormone in the long-term regulation of BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate). BMR refers to the amount of energy expended by the body at rest. Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and energy production. It controls the rate at which the body uses energy and influences various metabolic processes. Therefore, thyroid hormone is essential for maintaining a healthy BMR.

    Rate this question:

  • 22. 

    The ruptured follicle that secretes progesterone during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle is the:

    • A) corpus amylaceum

    • B) corpus collosum

    • C) corpus alibcans

    • D) corpus spongiosum

    • E) corpus luteum

    Correct Answer
    A. E) corpus luteum
    Explanation
    During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is responsible for secreting progesterone, which is important for preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The other options listed (corpus amylaceum, corpus collosum, corpus albicans, and corpus spongiosum) are not involved in the secretion of progesterone during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

    Rate this question:

  • 23. 

    An obstruction of the common bile duct would have which effect?

    • A) elevated blood chylomicron levels

    • B) presence of bile salts in the large intestine

    • C) decreased secretion of cholecystokinin

    • D) production of feces containing undigested fats

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D) production of feces containing undigested fats
    Explanation
    An obstruction of the common bile duct would lead to the accumulation of bile in the liver and a decrease in the secretion of bile into the small intestine. Bile is necessary for the digestion and absorption of fats. Without sufficient bile, the fats in the diet cannot be properly broken down and absorbed. As a result, undigested fats would pass through the digestive system and be eliminated in the feces, leading to the production of feces containing undigested fats.

    Rate this question:

  • 24. 

    Erectile tissue analogous to the male corpora cavernosa is found in which female structure?

    • A) labia ducts

    • B) clitoris

    • C) vestibular bulbs

    • D) paraurethral glands

    • E) vaginal wall

    Correct Answer
    A. B) clitoris
    Explanation
    The correct answer is B) clitoris. The clitoris is a female sexual organ that contains erectile tissue similar to the male corpora cavernosa. When stimulated, the clitoris becomes engorged with blood, leading to increased sensitivity and sexual pleasure. The other options listed do not contain erectile tissue analogous to the male corpora cavernosa.

    Rate this question:

  • 25. 

    The site of spermatozoa functional maturation and storage is the?

    • A) seminiferous tubules

    • B) efferent ducts

    • C) epididymis

    • D) Vas deferens

    • E) prostate gland

    Correct Answer
    A. C) epididymis
    Explanation
    The correct answer is C) epididymis. The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the posterior surface of the testis where spermatozoa undergo functional maturation and are stored. It provides the environment necessary for the spermatozoa to acquire motility and fertilization capacity. The seminiferous tubules are responsible for sperm production, while the efferent ducts transport sperm from the testes to the epididymis. The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, and the prostate gland produces seminal fluid.

    Rate this question:

  • 26. 

    Fertilization usually occurs in which location?

    • A) lumen of the Graafian follicle

    • B) ampulla of the oviduct

    • C) lumen of the uterus

    • D) isthmus of the oviduct

    • E) lumen of the cervical canal

    Correct Answer
    A. B) ampulla of the oviduct
    Explanation
    Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla of the oviduct. This is the widest part of the oviduct, located closer to the ovary. After ovulation, the released egg travels through the oviduct and if sperm is present, fertilization occurs in the ampulla. The ampulla provides the necessary environment for fertilization to take place, including the presence of sperm and the conditions needed for the sperm to penetrate the egg. Once fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo will then travel to the uterus for implantation.

    Rate this question:

  • 27. 

    The lipoproteins that are transported away from the small intestine via the lacteals are termed?

    • A) triglycerides

    • B) monoglycerides and fatty acids

    • C) chylomicrons

    • D) pinocytotic vesicles

    • E) LDLs

    Correct Answer
    A. C) chylomicrons
    Explanation
    Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins that are transported away from the small intestine via the lacteals. These large particles are formed in the intestinal cells and contain dietary triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. Chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system and eventually enter the bloodstream, where they deliver triglycerides to various tissues for energy or storage.

    Rate this question:

  • 28. 

    Where doe glycolysis take place?

    • A) mitrochondrial inner membrane

    • B) cell cytoplasm

    • C) mitochondrial matrix

    • D) cell nucleus

    • E) mitochondrial outer membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. B) cell cytoplasm
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. It is the first step in cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytoplasm is the fluid-filled region between the cell membrane and the nucleus, where many cellular processes take place. Therefore, glycolysis takes place in the cell cytoplasm.

    Rate this question:

  • 29. 

    The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the tissues are?

    • A) chylomicrons

    • B) lipoprotein lipases

    • C) VLDLs

    • D) LDLs

    • E) HDLs

    Correct Answer
    A. E) HDLs
    Explanation
    HDLs, or high-density lipoproteins, are responsible for removing cholesterol from the tissues. They transport cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver, where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. HDLs are often referred to as "good" cholesterol because they help to prevent the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease.

    Rate this question:

  • 30. 

    Which mechanism represents our body's response(s) to a decrease in temperature?

    • A) peripheral vasodilation

    • B) sweating (panting)

    • C) decrease metabolic rate

    • D) peripheral vasoconstriction

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D) peripheral vasoconstriction
    Explanation
    Peripheral vasoconstriction represents our body's response to a decrease in temperature. When the body senses a decrease in temperature, it constricts the blood vessels in the extremities, such as the hands and feet, in order to conserve heat and maintain core body temperature. This reduces blood flow to the periphery and helps to redirect warm blood to the vital organs.

    Rate this question:

  • 31. 

    In the process of ovulation what is actually ejected from the ovary?

    • A) primary oocyte

    • B) secondary oocyte

    • C) ovum

    • D) oogonium

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. B) secondary oocyte
    Explanation
    During ovulation, the mature follicle ruptures and releases the secondary oocyte from the ovary. The secondary oocyte is the result of the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte. It is the stage at which the oocyte is ready for fertilization. The ovum, on the other hand, is the mature egg that is formed after fertilization occurs. So, the correct answer is B) secondary oocyte.

    Rate this question:

  • 32. 

    Based on the greatest amount of energy (ATP) produced per mole of glucose, the most important pathway in the process of cellular respiration is:

    • A) glycolysis

    • B) Krebs cycle

    • C) oxidative phosphorylation

    • D) Acetyl CoA

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C) oxidative phosphorylation
    Explanation
    Oxidative phosphorylation is the most important pathway in the process of cellular respiration because it generates the greatest amount of energy (ATP) per mole of glucose. This process occurs in the mitochondria and involves the transfer of electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) to the electron transport chain, which creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase leads to the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, resulting in the production of a large amount of ATP. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and Acetyl CoA are also important steps in cellular respiration, but they do not produce as much ATP as oxidative phosphorylation.

    Rate this question:

  • 33. 

    The testicular cells that produce testosterone are the:

    • A) Sertoli cells

    • B) spermatogonia

    • C) sustentacular cells

    • D) interstitial (Leydig) cells

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D) interstitial (Leydig) cells
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D) interstitial (Leydig) cells. These cells are located in the spaces between the seminiferous tubules in the testicles. They are responsible for producing and secreting testosterone, which is the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues, as well as secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle mass, bone density, and facial hair growth.

    Rate this question:

  • 34. 

    Sertoli cells of the testis are principally regulated by which hormone?

    • A) growth hormone (GH)

    • B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

    • C) luteinizing hormone (LH)

    • D) human chorionic hormone (hCG)

    • E) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    Correct Answer
    A. E) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    Explanation
    Sertoli cells of the testis are principally regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of sperm cells. It stimulates the Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis, which is the process of sperm cell production. FSH also promotes the production of androgen-binding protein (ABP) by the Sertoli cells, which helps in the transport and concentration of testosterone, an important hormone for male reproductive function. Therefore, FSH is the hormone that primarily regulates the function of Sertoli cells in the testis.

    Rate this question:

  • 35. 

    Beginning on the first day of the menstrual cycle, the order of the events in the uterus is?

    • A) proliferative, secretory, menstrual phase

    • B) secretory, proliferative, menstrual phase

    • C) menstrual, secretory, proliferative phases

    • D) menstrual, proliferative, secretory phases

    • E) secretory, menstrual, proliferative phases

    Correct Answer
    A. D) menstrual, proliferative, secretory phases
  • 36. 

    All of the following are normal functions of hepatocytes EXCEPT?

    • A) synthesis and breakdown of glycogen

    • B) degradation and conjugation of drugs or toxins

    • C) endocytosis of chylomicrons

    • D) synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins

    • E) synthesis and secretion of bile acids

    Correct Answer
    A. D) synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins
    Explanation
    Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver and are responsible for many important functions. They are involved in the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen, which is important for maintaining blood glucose levels. They also play a role in the degradation and conjugation of drugs or toxins, helping to detoxify the body. Hepatocytes are responsible for the endocytosis of chylomicrons, which are particles that transport dietary fats. Additionally, hepatocytes are involved in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids, which aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. However, hepatocytes are not responsible for the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins, which are produced by plasma cells in the immune system.

    Rate this question:

  • 37. 

    A person exhibiting an elevated body temperature, excess sweating, increased peripheral vasodilation, and decrease MAP would characterize which syndrome?

    • A) hyperthyroidism

    • B) heat stroke

    • C) heat exhaustion

    • D) hypothermia

    • E) proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. C) heat exhaustion
    Explanation
    Heat exhaustion is characterized by an elevated body temperature, excess sweating, increased peripheral vasodilation, and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP). This syndrome occurs when the body is exposed to high temperatures and is unable to regulate its temperature effectively. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and headache. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, which is a more severe and life-threatening condition.

    Rate this question:

  • 38. 

    The primary site of spermatogenesis is the:

    • A) ductus deferens

    • B) epididymis

    • C) seminiferous tubules

    • D) rete testis

    • E) efferent ducts

    Correct Answer
    A. C) seminiferous tubules
    Explanation
    The seminiferous tubules are the primary site of spermatogenesis, which is the process of sperm production. These tubules are located within the testes and are responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells. Spermatogenesis involves the division and differentiation of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules, leading to the formation of mature sperm. The other options listed (ductus deferens, epididymis, rete testis, efferent ducts) are all parts of the male reproductive system, but they do not play a direct role in sperm production.

    Rate this question:

  • 39. 

    Which hormone is the principal regulator of Leydig cell testosterone secretion?

    • A) FSH

    • B) LH

    • C) hCG

    • D) GnRH

    • E) FSH

    Correct Answer
    A. B) LH
    Explanation
    LH (luteinizing hormone) is the principal regulator of Leydig cell testosterone secretion. LH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells in the testes. Testosterone is an important hormone for male reproductive function and development. It plays a crucial role in the production of sperm, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and maintenance of sexual function. Therefore, LH is the correct answer as it directly influences the secretion of testosterone by the Leydig cells.

    Rate this question:

  • 40. 

    Which cells secrete Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)?

    • A) granulosa cells

    • B) Leydig cells

    • C) theca cells

    • D) Sertoli cells

    • E) priamry oocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. D) Sertoli cells
    Explanation
    Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). MIS is a hormone that is responsible for the regression of the Mullerian ducts in male embryos, preventing the development of female reproductive structures. Sertoli cells are found in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and play a crucial role in supporting and nourishing developing sperm cells.

    Rate this question:

  • 41. 

    What is the function of Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)?

    • A) causes mesonephric duct regression

    • B) causes paramesonephric duct regression

    • C) prevents labioscrotal fold fusion in females

    • D) directs prostate gland development

    • E) directs seminiferous tubule development

    Correct Answer
    A. B) causes paramesonephric duct regression
    Explanation
    Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a protein that is secreted by the developing testes in males. It plays a crucial role in the sexual differentiation of the reproductive system. The paramesonephric ducts, also known as the Mullerian ducts, are responsible for the development of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina. MIS acts on these ducts and causes their regression or degeneration in males, preventing the development of female reproductive structures. Therefore, option B, "causes paramesonephric duct regression," is the correct answer.

    Rate this question:

  • 42. 

    Which event in the male sex response is directly regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

    • A) excitement (erection)

    • B) emission

    • C) expulsion

    • D) resolution

    • E) detumesence

    Correct Answer
    A. A) excitement (erection)
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the relaxation and dilation of blood vessels in the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and resulting in an erection. This process is known as excitement or erection.

    Rate this question:

  • 43. 

    The protein that clots and causes the stickiness of semen is?

    • A) semenogelin

    • B) prostaglandin

    • C) fibrin

    • D) phosphodiesterase

    • E) serine protease

    Correct Answer
    A. A) semenogelin
    Explanation
    Semenogelin is the protein responsible for clotting and causing the stickiness of semen. It is produced by the seminal vesicles and helps to coagulate semen after ejaculation. This coagulation is important for the survival and motility of sperm within the female reproductive tract. Once semenogelin has formed a clot, it can be broken down by an enzyme called prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which allows the sperm to become mobile again.

    Rate this question:

  • 44. 

    The oviducts, uterus, and upper vagina develop from which embryonic structure?

    • A) mesonephric ducts

    • B) paramesonephric ducts

    • C) phallus

    • D) labioscrotal folds

    • E) labia majora

    Correct Answer
    A. B) paramesonephric ducts
    Explanation
    The oviducts, uterus, and upper vagina develop from the paramesonephric ducts. These ducts are present in the early embryo and give rise to the female reproductive tract. The mesonephric ducts, on the other hand, develop into the male reproductive structures. The phallus, labioscrotal folds, and labia majora are all structures that develop in the external genitalia, but they do not give rise to the oviducts, uterus, and upper vagina.

    Rate this question:

  • 45. 

    Before secreting milk, the mammary glands secrete?

    • A) prolactin

    • B) colostrum

    • C) lochia

    • D) meconium

    • E) chloasma

    Correct Answer
    A. B) colostrum
    Explanation
    Before secreting milk, the mammary glands secrete colostrum. Colostrum is a thick, yellowish fluid that is produced by the mammary glands during the late stages of pregnancy and the first few days after childbirth. It is rich in antibodies and essential nutrients, providing the newborn with important immune protection and nourishment. Colostrum gradually transitions into mature breast milk within a few days after birth. Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production, but it is not the initial secretion before milk production. Lochia refers to the vaginal discharge after childbirth, meconium is the first stool of a newborn, and chloasma is a skin condition that causes dark patches on the face.

    Rate this question:

  • 46. 

    The correct sequence of pre-embryonic structures is:

    • A) zygote, blastocyst, morula

    • B) zygote, morula, blastocyst

    • C) blastocyst, morula, zygote

    • D) both A and B

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. B) zygote, morula, blastocyst
    Explanation
    The correct sequence of pre-embryonic structures is zygote, morula, blastocyst. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division to form a solid ball of cells called the morula. The morula then undergoes further cell division and differentiation to form a fluid-filled structure called the blastocyst. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

    Rate this question:

  • 47. 

    Where does the amniotic cavity derive from?

    • A) epiblast

    • B) hypoblast

    • C) trophoblast

    • D) cytotrophoblast

    • E) syncytiotroblast

    Correct Answer
    A. A) epiblast
    Explanation
    The amniotic cavity derives from the epiblast. The epiblast is one of the two cell layers in the early embryo, and it gives rise to the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The amniotic cavity forms within the epiblast as it undergoes further development and differentiation. This cavity eventually becomes the protective fluid-filled sac that surrounds the developing fetus during pregnancy.

    Rate this question:

  • 48. 

    Which response would reflect an increase in plasma insulin levels?

    • A) increase in adipose cell triglyceride synthesis/storage

    • B) increased liver glucose release

    • C) increases glucagon production

    • D) decrease in muscle gylcogen

    • E) none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A) increase in adipose cell triglyceride synthesis/storage
    Explanation
    An increase in plasma insulin levels would lead to an increase in adipose cell triglyceride synthesis/storage. Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by adipose cells and stimulates the conversion of glucose into triglycerides for storage. This process helps to lower blood glucose levels and store excess energy as fat. Increased adipose cell triglyceride synthesis/storage is a direct result of elevated insulin levels.

    Rate this question:

  • 49. 

    A severe insulin deficiency would be characterized by all of the following except?

    • A) glycosuria

    • B) ketoacidosis

    • C) hypoglycemia

    • D) polyuria

    • E) decreased blood volume/pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. C) hypoglycemia
    Explanation
    A severe insulin deficiency would be characterized by glycosuria, ketoacidosis, polyuria, and decreased blood volume/pressure. Insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels, so a deficiency would result in high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) rather than low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Therefore, hypoglycemia would not be a characteristic of severe insulin deficiency.

    Rate this question:

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Sep 17, 2024 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Sep 17, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 08, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Ech2w
Back to Top Back to top
Advertisement
×

Wait!
Here's an interesting quiz for you.

We have other quizzes matching your interest.