6C051A Pretest Vol 1-3

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1. (002) What agency's objective is to provide aid and counseling to small businesses?

Explanation

The Small Business Administration's objective is to provide aid and counseling to small businesses. This agency is specifically dedicated to supporting the growth and development of small businesses by providing resources, loans, and assistance in areas such as business planning, marketing, and financial management. They aim to promote entrepreneurship and help small businesses succeed in a competitive market.

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The '6C051A Pretest Vol 1-3' assesses knowledge on government contracting, focusing on procurement laws, contract interpretation, and the dual capacity of government. It is ideal for learners seeking... see moreto understand the legal frameworks and administrative responsibilities in government contracting. see less

2. (005) Express actual authority is created by

Explanation

Express actual authority is created when the principal explicitly communicates their authority to the agent, either through written or oral means. This means that the principal clearly states what actions the agent is authorized to take on their behalf. This type of authority is based on direct communication and is the most straightforward and easily understood form of authority. It ensures that both the principal and the agent are aware of the agent's powers and responsibilities.

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3. (014) Which individual would be considered competent to enter into a contract?

Explanation

A 23-year-old car salesperson would be considered competent to enter into a contract because they are of legal age and presumed to have the mental capacity to understand and fulfill the obligations of a contract. The fact that they are employed as a car salesperson suggests that they have the necessary knowledge and experience to engage in contractual agreements related to their profession.

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4. (205) Unnecessarily short or difficult delivery schedules tend to

Explanation

Unnecessarily short or difficult delivery schedules tend to restrict competition because only larger businesses with the resources and infrastructure to meet these demands can participate. Smaller businesses, especially local ones, may not have the capacity to fulfill such requirements, thereby limiting their ability to compete in the market. This creates a barrier to entry for new and smaller players, ultimately reducing competition.

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5. (210) One of the biggest advantages to purchasing items estimated at less than $2,500 from a Government Services Administration (GSA) contract is that

Explanation

When purchasing items estimated at less than $2,500 from a Government Services Administration (GSA) contract, one of the biggest advantages is that the price has already been determined fair and reasonable. This means that buyers can be confident that they are getting a good deal and not overpaying for the items. The GSA has already assessed the prices and determined them to be fair, which saves buyers the time and effort of negotiating or comparing prices with other vendors.

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6. (211) If the contracting officer receives only one acceptable offer from a responsible small business concern in response to a small business set-aside, what action should the contracting officer take?

Explanation

If the contracting officer receives only one acceptable offer from a responsible small business concern in response to a small business set-aside, the appropriate action would be to award the contract to the responding small business. This is because the purpose of a small business set-aside is to provide opportunities for small businesses to compete for government contracts. If the contracting officer determines that the offer is acceptable and the small business is responsible, it would be in line with the set-aside requirements to award the contract to them.

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7. (212) If the contracting officer suspects, or has information to indicate, that the price received from a contractor on a micro-purchase may not be reasonable, the contracting officer should

Explanation

If the contracting officer suspects or has information indicating that the price received from a contractor on a micro-purchase may not be reasonable, they should take actions to verify price reasonableness. This means that they should conduct further investigation or analysis to ensure that the price offered by the contractor is fair and competitive. This could involve comparing the price to similar purchases, obtaining additional quotes, or utilizing other methods to determine if the price is reasonable.

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8. (401) Micro-purchase is acquisition of supplies and services with a total amount that does not exceed

Explanation

A micro-purchase is the acquisition of supplies and services with a total amount that does not exceed $2,500. This means that any purchase below this amount can be considered a micro-purchase.

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9. (406) Which type of contract should be used to procure precious metals?

Explanation

A fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment should be used to procure precious metals. This type of contract allows for adjustments to be made to the contract price based on changes in specified economic factors, such as inflation or fluctuations in market prices. Since the price of precious metals can be volatile and subject to market changes, using a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment provides flexibility to both the buyer and the seller in ensuring a fair and reasonable price for the procurement of precious metals.

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10. (408) Ordinarily, what option is given to the contractor because of a notice of rejection for nonconformance?

Explanation

When a notice of rejection for nonconformance is given, the contractor is typically required to correct or replace any nonconforming supplies at no additional cost to the government. This means that the contractor is responsible for fixing or replacing the supplies that do not meet the required standards without charging the government any extra fees. This ensures that the government receives the conforming supplies it originally contracted for without incurring any additional expenses.

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11. (409) The Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) requires that contracting officers

Explanation

The correct answer is "take advantage of commercial warranties offered to the maximum extent practicable." This is because the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) requires contracting officers to make use of commercial warranties as much as possible. This means that if commercial warranties are available and appropriate for a particular procurement, the contracting officer should utilize them to the fullest extent feasible.

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12. (410) A contract action that changes or alters the agreement between the parties of a contract is called

Explanation

A contract action that changes or alters the agreement between the parties of a contract is called a modification. This refers to any amendment or adjustment made to the terms, conditions, or provisions of the original contract. It can involve changes to pricing, delivery schedules, scope of work, or any other aspect of the agreement. A modification allows the parties to adapt the contract to new circumstances or address any issues that may have arisen since the contract was initially formed.

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13. (410) The two types of contract modifications are

Explanation

Contract modifications can occur in two ways: unilaterally and bilaterally. Unilateral modifications involve only one party making changes to the contract without the agreement or consent of the other party. Bilateral modifications, on the other hand, require both parties to agree and make changes to the contract. Therefore, the correct answer is unilateral and bilateral.

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14. (001) What act simplified the procurement of any item estimated at less than $100,000 and added the micro-purchase threshold of $2,500?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act. This act simplified the process of procuring items estimated at less than $100,000 and introduced the micro-purchase threshold of $2,500. It aimed to streamline and expedite the procurement process for smaller purchases, making it more efficient and cost-effective for the government.

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15. (003) As a general rule, what is the government's status as a party to a contract? The government

Explanation

The government's status as a party to a contract is that it has a dual capacity, acting both as a party to the contract and as a sovereign. This means that the government can enter into contracts like any other party, but it also has the authority and power of a sovereign entity, which may impact the rights and obligations of the contractor.

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16. (008) When selecting contracting officers (CO), what does the appointing authority consider?

Explanation

The appointing authority considers the complexity and dollar value of the acquisition when selecting contracting officers. This means that they take into account the level of difficulty and the monetary value of the acquisition in order to choose the most suitable individual for the role.

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17. (009) What occurs when someone other than the contracting officer (CO) tries to make an agreement without the authority?

Explanation

When someone other than the contracting officer (CO) tries to make an agreement without the authority, it is considered an unauthorized commitment. This means that the person does not have the legal authority to enter into a contract on behalf of the organization. Unauthorized commitments can lead to contract disputes and may require ratification by the appropriate authority to become valid. An unpriced purchase order refers to a purchase order that does not specify the price, while a contract dispute refers to a disagreement between parties regarding the terms or performance of a contract.

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18. (405) Options are evaluated by

Explanation

The correct answer is adding the total price for all options to the total price for the basic requirement. This means that the cost of all options is included in the evaluation process, along with the cost of the basic requirement. By considering the total price for all options, the evaluation ensures that all costs are taken into account when determining the lowest bid.

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19. (407) When the government cannot predetermine (within stated limits) the precise quantities of supplies or services that will be required during the contract period, the contracting officer would use a

Explanation

When the government cannot predetermine the precise quantities of supplies or services that will be required during the contract period, the contracting officer would use an indefinite-quantity contract. This type of contract allows for the government to order an indefinite quantity of supplies or services, within stated limits, as needed throughout the contract period. It provides flexibility in terms of quantity and allows for adjustments based on changing needs or requirements.

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20. (410) When a contractor has failed to make delivery or cure a delinquency, and has not justified the delay, the contracting officer should

Explanation

When a contractor has failed to make delivery or cure a delinquency, and has not justified the delay, the contracting officer should take appropriate action to cancel or terminate the order if in the government's best interest. This means that if the contractor is unable to fulfill their obligations and has not provided a valid reason for the delay, the contracting officer has the authority to cancel or terminate the order to protect the government's interests.

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21. (020) What is meant by implementing the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)?

Explanation

The correct answer is providing agency procedures to carry out the prescriptions in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). This means that implementing the FAR involves establishing specific procedures within an agency to ensure compliance with the regulations outlined in the FAR. These procedures help guide the agency's acquisition processes and ensure that they align with the requirements and guidelines set forth in the FAR.

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22. (206) What type of contracting instrument would have the letter "M" in the ninth position of the procurement instrument identification number (PIIN)?

Explanation

A manual purchase order would have the letter "M" in the ninth position of the procurement instrument identification number (PIIN). This indicates that the purchase order was manually generated and not automated.

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23. (410) Who has the authority to execute contract modifications on behalf of the government?

Explanation

The correct answer is contracting officers acting within the scope of their authority. Contract modifications are changes made to an existing contract, and it is the responsibility of the contracting officer to execute these modifications on behalf of the government. The contracting officer has the authority to negotiate and make changes to contracts, as long as they are within the scope of their authority. This means that they have the power to modify contracts within the limits set by their position and the applicable laws and regulations.

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24. (410) Unilateral modifications are allowed for no cost amended shipping instructions to a unilateral purchase order and for

Explanation

Unilateral modifications refer to changes made by one party without the agreement or consent of the other party. According to the given options, any change made before work begins, as long as it is within the scope of the original order, is allowed without any cost. This means that if the change requested falls within the agreed scope of work and is made before any work has started, it can be modified unilaterally without incurring any additional costs.

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25. (003) When a government contract is ambiguous, interpretation is normally construed against the

Explanation

When a government contract is ambiguous, interpretation is normally construed against the government. This means that if there is any ambiguity or uncertainty in the contract language, it will be interpreted in favor of the party that did not draft the contract, which in this case is the government. This principle is based on the idea that the government, as the party with more resources and expertise, should bear the responsibility for any ambiguities in the contract.

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26. (003) If a government official clarifies an ambiguous contract, the contractor is entitled to

Explanation

If a government official clarifies an ambiguous contract, the contractor is entitled to rely on the clarification. This means that the contractor can trust and depend on the clarification provided by the government official in order to understand the terms and conditions of the contract. By relying on the clarification, the contractor can proceed with confidence, knowing that they have a clear understanding of their obligations and rights under the contract.

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27. (003) The elements of the government's dual capacity are

Explanation

The correct answer is proprietary and sovereign. In the context of the government's dual capacity, proprietary refers to the government acting as a business entity, engaging in commercial activities and transactions. Sovereign refers to the government acting as the ultimate authority and having the power to make and enforce laws. This dual capacity allows the government to both engage in business activities and exercise its authority as a governing body.

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28. (012) Which statement is true concerning communicating acceptance of a contract?

Explanation

If the offeror specifies the time, place, and means of communication for accepting a contract, then the acceptance must be made in accordance with those specifications. No other time, place, or means of communication will be considered as a valid acceptance. This means that the offeror has the power to dictate the terms of acceptance and the offeree must adhere to them in order for the acceptance to be valid.

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29. (012) The term "mutual assent" indicates the

Explanation

The term "mutual assent" refers to the intention of the parties involved to form a contract. It means that both parties have a shared understanding and agreement to be legally bound by the terms of the contract. This is important because for a contract to be valid, there must be a meeting of the minds between the parties involved. So, the correct answer is that "parties involved intend that a contract be formed."

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30. (016) Which is not a function of the contracting superintendent?

Explanation

The contracting superintendent is responsible for managing the self-inspection program, serving as an advisor to the commander on enlisted issues, and acting as a military career advisor. However, the appointment of contracting officers (CO) is not a function of the contracting superintendent. This task is typically carried out by higher-level authorities or personnel with the appropriate authority and expertise in contracting.

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31. (205) The government may recoup some or all of its probable damages caused by delayed delivery or performance of the contractor by invoking the

Explanation

The correct answer is the liquidated damages clause. This clause allows the government to recover some or all of the damages it may have suffered due to delayed delivery or performance by the contractor. The liquidated damages clause specifies a predetermined amount of damages that the contractor will be liable to pay in case of such delays. This helps to ensure that the government is compensated for any losses incurred as a result of the contractor's failure to meet the agreed-upon delivery or performance timelines.

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32. (206) FAR Subpart 4.8 establishes procedures for maintaining contract files to ensure uniformity from one activity to another. Why is this important?

Explanation

Maintaining contract files in accordance with agency regulations ensures that all documents related to contract actions are organized and easily accessible. This is important because it promotes uniformity across different activities, allows for efficient management of contracts, and facilitates transparency and accountability. It also helps in meeting legal and regulatory requirements, aids in audits and reviews, and provides a record of the contracting process for future reference.

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33. (208) The approval granted by a determination and finding is restricted to

Explanation

The approval granted by a determination and finding is restricted to the proposed contract actions described in that determination and finding. This means that the approval is specific to the contract actions that have been outlined and detailed in the determination and finding document. It does not extend to other types of contracting actions, items purchased within the same class, or the applicable classification of items recognized by the contracting officer. The approval is limited to the specific contract actions that have been proposed and described in the determination and finding.

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34. (404) The contracting officer shall ensure that each blanket purchase agreement is reviewed at least

Explanation

The correct answer is annually. The contracting officer is responsible for reviewing each blanket purchase agreement on a yearly basis. This ensures that the agreements are up to date and in compliance with any changes in regulations or requirements. Regular reviews help to identify any issues or discrepancies and allow for necessary adjustments or modifications to be made. By conducting annual reviews, the contracting officer can maintain effective control over the blanket purchase agreements and ensure their continued effectiveness.

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35. (406) What types of contracts are authorized for the acquisition of commercial items?

Explanation

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36. (407) A definite-quantity contract may be used when it can be determined in advance that a definite quantity of supplies or services will be required during the contract period and

Explanation

A definite-quantity contract may be used when the supplies or services are regularly available or will be available after a short-lead time. This means that the contractor can reliably provide the required quantity of supplies or services within the specified contract period. This option is suitable when the customer wants to schedule their own delivery and there is no concern about the availability of the supplies or services. It does not depend on the availability of funds at the time of award or the contractor's previous experience with this type of contract.

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37. (409) The implied warranty of merchantability provides that an item

Explanation

The implied warranty of merchantability ensures that a product is reasonably fit for its intended purpose. This means that the product should be able to perform its ordinary functions and meet the expectations of the average consumer. It does not guarantee that the product will last a specific amount of time or that it has been tested for quality assurance. Instead, it focuses on the product's ability to fulfill its intended use.

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38. (413) Data transfer, storage, and retrieval procedures must record and reproduce the original document completely, accurately, and clearly. In addition, the procedures must

Explanation

The correct answer is "protect the original data from alteration". This is because data transfer, storage, and retrieval procedures should ensure that the original document is not modified or tampered with. This is important to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the data. Additionally, protecting data from alteration is crucial for legal purposes, as the procedures should be acceptable as evidence in a court of law. The other options mentioned in the question, such as reducing material storage or being cheaper to store, are not directly related to the requirement of protecting data from alteration.

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39. (003) State law is generally not applied in federal procurement cases since

Explanation

In federal procurement cases, state law is generally not applied because state courts do not have the jurisdiction to decide matters related to federal procurement. Federal procurement falls under the jurisdiction of federal courts, and therefore state courts do not have the authority to make decisions in these cases.

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40. (005) What are the two categories of actual authority?

Explanation

The two categories of actual authority are express and implied. Express authority is explicitly granted to an individual through written or verbal communication. Implied authority, on the other hand, is not explicitly granted but is reasonably necessary to carry out the individual's duties or responsibilities.

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41. (011) Which of these is an example of rejecting an offer?

Explanation

Proposing a counter offer is an example of rejecting an offer because it involves suggesting different terms or conditions than what was originally proposed. By making a counter offer, the person is indicating that they are not willing to accept the initial offer as it stands and are instead proposing their own terms for consideration. This shows a rejection of the original offer and a desire to negotiate different terms.

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42. (022) The requirements of the Defense Industrial Security Program (DISP) would apply to which of the following contracts?

Explanation

The requirements of the Defense Industrial Security Program (DISP) would apply to classified contracts. Classified contracts involve sensitive information that needs to be protected and secured to maintain national security. The DISP ensures that contractors handling classified information meet the necessary security requirements and protocols.

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43. (215) When, in response to a solicitation for commercial items, a contractor proposes more than one product that will meet a government need, the contracting officer shall

Explanation

When a contractor proposes more than one product that will meet a government need in response to a solicitation for commercial items, the contracting officer is required to evaluate each product as a separate offer. This means that each proposed product will be assessed individually to determine its suitability and value for the government's needs. This ensures fairness and allows for a comprehensive evaluation of all proposed products before making a decision.

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44. (215) If the government issues an order resulting from a quotation, when may the government withdraw, amend, or cancel its offer?

Explanation

The correct answer is "At any time before acceptance occurs." This means that the government can withdraw, amend, or cancel its offer at any point before the other party accepts the offer. Once acceptance occurs, the offer becomes a binding contract and cannot be easily changed or cancelled. Therefore, the government has the flexibility to make changes or withdraw the offer until it is accepted by the other party.

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45. (402) When you are making a purchase using the Standard Form 44, Purchase Order—Invoice Voucher (Storage Safeguard Form), all of the following conditions must be satisfied except

Explanation

When making a purchase using the Standard Form 44, all of the following conditions must be satisfied except wartime conditions are present. The Standard Form 44, Purchase Order-Invoice Voucher, is a simplified acquisition method that is used for making purchases. It requires one delivery and one payment to be made, and the supplies or services being purchased must be immediately available. Additionally, it is considered to be the most economical and efficient method. However, wartime conditions being present is not a requirement for using this form.

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46. (409) Why are contractors required to mark supplies, or otherwise furnish notice with the supplies, of the existence of the warranty?

Explanation

Contractors are required to mark supplies, or otherwise furnish notice with the supplies, of the existence of the warranty in order to inform government personnel who store, stock, or use the supplies. This ensures that the government personnel are aware of the warranty and can take appropriate action if the supplies are found to be defective. It helps in maintaining accountability and facilitating timely repairs or replacements if needed.

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47. (410) Which action should a contracting officer take to accomplish an administrative change?

Explanation

A contracting officer should take the action of a unilateral modification to accomplish an administrative change. This means that the contracting officer can make the change without the consent or agreement of the other party involved in the contract. It allows the contracting officer to modify the terms and conditions of the contract, such as extending the delivery date or changing the payment terms, without requiring the other party's approval. This type of modification is often used for minor changes or administrative adjustments that do not significantly impact the overall contract.

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48. (014) If the competency of a corporation is drawn into question, the contracting officer (CO) should call the

Explanation

The correct answer is "Secretary of state where the contractor resides, does business, or is incorporated." When the competency of a corporation is questioned, the contracting officer should contact the Secretary of state in the relevant jurisdiction. This is because the Secretary of state is responsible for maintaining corporate records and can provide information about the contractor's legal status, business operations, and any relevant licenses or certifications. This information is crucial for the contracting officer to assess the contractor's ability to fulfill the contract requirements.

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49. (015) As a general rule, a contract that violates a statute is

Explanation

A contract that violates a statute is considered unlawful and void, meaning it is not legally binding and will not be enforced by the courts. This is because statutes are laws enacted by the government and have the force of law. When a contract violates a statute, it goes against the legal requirements set forth by the government and is therefore invalid. As a result, the contract cannot be enforced and the parties involved cannot rely on it to protect their rights or obligations.

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50. (015) Which statement most closely defines categories of contracts that are unenforceable as against public policy?

Explanation

Contracts that go against the common sense conscience of the community are considered unenforceable as against public policy. This means that if a contract is deemed to be morally or ethically wrong or goes against the general principles and values of society, it will not be enforced by the courts. These types of contracts are seen as detrimental to the public interest and are therefore unenforceable.

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51. (017) Why should contracting officer (CO) authority be discussed in every customer education training session?

Explanation

The contracting officer (CO) authority should be discussed in every customer education training session to ensure that all personnel are aware that only warranted contracting officers may commit the government. This helps prevent unauthorized commitments and ensures that personnel do not cause a contractor to perform outside the terms of a contract. Additionally, discussing CO authority helps personnel understand the potential consequences of committing Air Force funds without authorization, such as personal liability or adverse administrative action. Therefore, all of the above reasons justify why CO authority should be discussed in every customer education training session.

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52. (207) What should be done with documents that are attached to the purchase request?

Explanation

The correct answer is to review the documents to ensure they contain all the necessary information for the acquisition. This is important because it ensures that all the required information is present before proceeding with the purchase request. It helps to prevent any delays or issues that may arise due to missing or incomplete documentation. By carefully reviewing the attached documents, the acquisition process can proceed smoothly and efficiently.

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53. (212) When a synopsis is not required, how is the requirement competed?

Explanation

When a synopsis is not required, the requirement is completed by soliciting at least three sources. This means that the organization reaches out to at least three potential suppliers or vendors to gather information, quotes, or proposals for the required goods or services. By soliciting multiple sources, the organization ensures that they have a range of options to choose from and can make an informed decision based on the responses they receive. This helps promote competition and ensures fairness in the procurement process.

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54. (214) Public law requires that contracts for the acquisition of commercial items shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include only those clauses required to implement provisions of law or executive orders, or those clauses

Explanation

The correct answer is determined to be consistent with customary commercial practice. This means that contracts for the acquisition of commercial items should include only those clauses that are in line with the usual practices followed in the commercial industry. This ensures that the contractual terms are in line with the standard practices and norms of the commercial market, promoting fairness and efficiency in the acquisition process.

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55. (216) What action should be taken if legal proceedings are not initiated within 12 months after the date of a suspension notice?

Explanation

If legal proceedings are not initiated within 12 months after the date of a suspension notice, the appropriate action to take is to terminate the suspension. This means that the contractor's suspension will be lifted and they can resume their normal operations. This action is taken because the purpose of the suspension was to allow for legal proceedings to take place, and if those proceedings do not occur within the specified time frame, there is no longer a need for the suspension to continue.

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56. (408) The contract must clearly define the requirements for the contractor's control of quality for the supplies or services to be acquired; however, no contract may

Explanation

The correct answer is "preclude the government from performing inspections." This means that the contract cannot prevent the government from conducting inspections on the supplies or services being acquired. The government has the right to inspect and ensure the quality of the products or services, even if the contractor has their own quality assurance system in place.

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57. (411) Under the Contract Terms and Conditions-Commercial Items clause, the contractor is required to notify the contracting officer of an excusable delay

Explanation

The correct answer is "as soon as possible after commencement of an excusable delay." According to the Contract Terms and Conditions-Commercial Items clause, the contractor is obligated to notify the contracting officer as soon as possible after the commencement of an excusable delay. This means that the contractor should inform the contracting officer promptly once they become aware of the delay, rather than waiting for a specific timeframe or event such as receiving a cure notice or scheduling a meeting. This allows the contracting officer to be informed and potentially make necessary adjustments or accommodations to the contract.

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58.  (411) When termination is for the government's convenience, what may a contractor use to demonstrate charges resulting from the termination for which the contractor is entitled to be paid?

Explanation

Records from the contractor's standard record keeping system can be used to demonstrate charges resulting from the termination for which the contractor is entitled to be paid. These records would provide evidence of the costs incurred by the contractor and would support their claim for payment.

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59. (003) Which is a correct statement concerning sovereign power?

Explanation

The correct statement concerning sovereign power is that it is the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed. This means that sovereign power is the highest authority within a state and cannot be overridden or controlled by any other power or authority. This statement implies that sovereign power is not limited to specific powers delegated by the Constitution or found under specific sections or amendments, but rather encompasses all powers within a state.

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60. (007) Estoppel means to restrain

Explanation

Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person from contradicting or denying their own previous assertion or statement. This means that once a person has made a certain claim or assertion, they are legally bound by it and cannot later go back on it. Estoppel is used to ensure fairness and prevent individuals from taking advantage of their own inconsistent statements.

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61. (016) Which position is responsible for managing the socio-economic and other public policy programs?

Explanation

The Director of business programs is responsible for managing the socio-economic and other public policy programs. This position oversees the implementation and execution of various programs that aim to address socio-economic issues and develop public policies. They are in charge of ensuring that these programs are effectively managed and aligned with the organization's goals and objectives. The Director of business programs plays a crucial role in coordinating and collaborating with other departments and stakeholders to achieve desired outcomes and make a positive impact on the community.

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62. (212) When must contracting officers use the government-wide point of entry (GPE) to solicit?

Explanation

Contracting officers must use the government-wide point of entry (GPE) to solicit when they are soliciting purchases exceeding $25,000. The GPE is a centralized online portal that provides access to federal government procurement opportunities. By using the GPE, contracting officers can ensure transparency and fair competition by allowing a wide range of suppliers to view and respond to solicitations for purchases exceeding $25,000. This helps to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement process.

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63. (401) You do not need advanced authorization when using the government-wide purchase card (GPC) to purchase

Explanation

The government-wide purchase card (GPC) is a payment method used by government agencies to make authorized purchases. Professional services typically require a more formal and specific procurement process, which may involve advanced authorization. However, purchasing basketballs for the base gym is a simple and straightforward procurement that does not require advanced authorization. Therefore, the correct answer is basketballs for the base gym.

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64. (406) The contract price of a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment may be revised

Explanation

The correct answer is "upward and downward within the limitations of the clause." In a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment, the contract price can be revised both upward and downward based on negotiations. However, these revisions are subject to the limitations outlined in the clause, meaning there may be certain restrictions or conditions that need to be met for the price to be adjusted.

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65. (411) The contractor shall be liable to the government for all rights and remedies provided by law if the contract was

Explanation

If the contract is terminated for cause, it means that the contractor has breached the terms of the contract or failed to meet their obligations. In this case, the contractor will be held liable to the government for all rights and remedies provided by law. This means that the government can seek legal action against the contractor to recover any damages or losses incurred as a result of the termination for cause.

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66. (412) When supplies or services are still required after termination for default, the contracting officer should

Explanation

When supplies or services are still required after termination for default, the contracting officer should repurchase the same or similar supplies or services against the contractor's account as soon as possible. This means that instead of issuing a new contract to a different contractor, the contracting officer should use the funds from the terminated contract to repurchase the necessary supplies or services from the original contractor. This allows for a more efficient use of resources and ensures that the required goods or services are obtained in a timely manner.

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67. (413) Contract files using simplified acquisition procedures are considered closed when the contracting officer receives

Explanation

Contract files using simplified acquisition procedures are considered closed when the contracting officer receives evidence of receipt of property and final payment. This means that once the contracting officer has received proof that the property has been delivered and that the final payment has been made, the contract is considered closed. This ensures that all obligations under the contract have been fulfilled and that the transaction is complete.

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68. (004) In the principal-agent relationship, which party acts on behalf of another party?

Explanation

In a principal-agent relationship, the agent is the party that acts on behalf of another party, known as the principal. The agent is entrusted with the authority to make decisions and take actions on behalf of the principal, while the principal retains the ultimate control and responsibility for the agent's actions. The agent's role is to represent the interests of the principal and act in their best interest, while carrying out the tasks and duties assigned to them. Therefore, the correct answer is "Agent".

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69. (011) When no time is stated, how long will an offer continue?

Explanation

When no specific time is mentioned, an offer will continue until a reasonable time has passed. This means that the offer will remain open for a period that is considered reasonable under the circumstances. The determination of what is reasonable can vary depending on the nature of the offer and the context in which it is made. It is important to note that this does not mean the offer will continue indefinitely, but rather until a reasonable amount of time has passed for the offeree to respond.

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70. (213) The contracting officer may establish a response time of less than 30 days when issuing a

Explanation

The correct answer is "synopsis/solicitation for items not expected to exceed the SAT." This is because the question asks about when the contracting officer may establish a response time of less than 30 days. According to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), for items expected to exceed the Simplified Acquisition Threshold (SAT), the response time should be at least 30 days. However, for items not expected to exceed the SAT, the contracting officer has the discretion to establish a response time of less than 30 days.

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71. (403) To the maximum extent possible, purchase orders for commercial items should include only those clauses required to implement provisions of law, or executive order, and

Explanation

Purchase orders for commercial items should include only those clauses that are determined to be consistent with prevailing commercial practice. This means that the clauses included in the purchase orders should align with the common practices and standards followed in the commercial industry. This ensures that the purchase orders are in line with the way business is conducted in the commercial market, promoting efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement process.

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72. (412) The contracting officer has grounds to terminate a contractor for default when

Explanation

The correct answer is "there is an actual failure or fails to progress to perform contractual obligations." This means that if the contractor either fails to perform their obligations under the contract or if there is a significant failure in their performance, the contracting officer has the grounds to terminate the contract for default. This could be due to the contractor's inability or unwillingness to fulfill their contractual duties, which would be a breach of the agreement between the contractor and the government.

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73. (008) Which statement is true concerning the contracting officer's (CO) appointment or termination?

Explanation

The correct answer is "In no event will the termination of a contracting officer (CO) be retroactive." This means that the termination of a contracting officer cannot be applied retroactively, meaning it cannot be applied to actions or decisions made before the termination. This ensures that the termination does not have any negative impact on previous contracts or decisions made by the contracting officer.

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74. (020) By whose order is the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (AFFARS) issued?

Explanation

The correct answer is Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. This is because the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (AFFARS) is issued under the authority of the Secretary of the Air Force. The Office of the Secretary of the Air Force is responsible for overseeing and managing the acquisition regulations and policies for the Air Force.

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75. (208) Each determination and finding shall set forth enough facts and circumstances to

Explanation

The correct answer is "clearly and convincingly justify the specific determination made." This is because the statement in the question mentions that each determination and finding should set forth enough facts and circumstances to convince the judge of the appropriateness of the award action. Therefore, the determination made should be clearly and convincingly justified with supporting evidence and reasoning.

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76. (210) The terms and conditions of an indefinite contract delivery order are established

Explanation

The terms and conditions of an indefinite contract delivery order are established by the terms and conditions of the basic contract. This means that the terms and conditions for each delivery order placed under the indefinite contract are determined by the original contract that was signed between the parties. The terms and conditions may include pricing, delivery timelines, quality requirements, and any other relevant provisions that were agreed upon in the basic contract.

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77. (214) How is tailoring accomplished?

Explanation

Tailoring in this context refers to the process of modifying or customizing the provisions or clauses in a solicitation and contract to meet specific requirements or circumstances. The answer "By addenda to the solicitation and contract" suggests that tailoring is achieved by issuing additional documents or amendments that make changes to the original solicitation and contract. This allows for flexibility and adaptation to different situations while maintaining the integrity of the procurement process.

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78. (406) Which is not an accepted price adjustment type used with a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment?

Explanation

Price averaging is not an accepted price adjustment type used with a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment. Price averaging refers to averaging the prices of goods or services over a specific period of time, which is not typically used in fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment. The other options, such as established prices, actual cost of labor or material, and cost indexes of labor or material, are commonly used methods for adjusting prices in such contracts.

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79. (006) When government personnel make a mistake, the US Supreme Court has stated that rather than adopt a rule that might injure the public, it is better

Explanation

The US Supreme Court believes that when government personnel make a mistake, it is preferable for an individual to occasionally suffer from the mistakes rather than adopting a rule that might harm the public. This means that the court believes it is better for the individual to bear the consequences of the mistake rather than implementing a rule that could potentially harm the general public.

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80. (011) An offeror's withdrawal of an offer before acceptance is called a

Explanation

When an offeror withdraws their offer before it is accepted, it is referred to as a "revocation." This means that the offer is no longer available for acceptance by the offeree. The term "cancellation" typically refers to the termination of an existing agreement or contract, rather than the withdrawal of an offer. "Termination" is a broader term that can encompass various reasons for ending an agreement, not specifically related to the withdrawal of an offer. "Breach of contract" refers to a violation of the terms of an already accepted and binding contract, which is not applicable in this scenario.

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81. (022) What is the definition of a classified contract?

Explanation

A classified contract is defined as any contract that requires, or may require, access to classified information by the contractor in the performance of the contract. This means that the contractor must have the necessary clearance and authorization to handle and protect classified information as specified in the contract. The other options are incorrect because they either do not mention the requirement for access to classified information or mention the customer instead of the contractor.

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82. (201) Services of a type offered and sold competitively in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace for tasks performed under standard commercial terms and conditions can be considered commercial items if they are

Explanation

The correct answer is based on established catalog or market prices for specific tasks performed. This is because services can be considered commercial items if they are offered and sold competitively in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace, and if their prices are based on established catalog or market prices for specific tasks performed. This means that the prices are determined by market forces and are not influenced by government regulations or wages.

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83. (201) Simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) may be used for the acquisition of commercial items up to a maximum of

Explanation

Simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) can be used for the acquisition of commercial items up to a maximum of $5,000,000. This means that for purchases of commercial items that fall within this limit, agencies can use simplified procedures to streamline the acquisition process. This allows for faster and more efficient procurement of commercial items without the need for the full formalities and complexities of traditional procurement methods.

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84. (209) General Services Administration (GSA), Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and the Veterans Affairs (VA) are all examples of what type of supply source?

Explanation

The General Services Administration (GSA), Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and the Veterans Affairs (VA) are all examples of wholesale supply sources. Wholesale refers to the sale of goods in large quantities, typically to retailers or other businesses. These organizations provide supplies and services to government agencies and departments, making them wholesale suppliers.

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85. (214) Because of the broad range of items acquired by the government, the variations in commercial practices, and the relative volume of the government's acquisition in specific markets, contracting officers may

Explanation

The correct answer is "tailor provisions to adapt to the market conditions for each acquisition." This is because the government acquires a broad range of items and there are variations in commercial practices. Additionally, the government's acquisition volume may differ in specific markets. Therefore, contracting officers need to customize provisions to suit the market conditions for each acquisition.

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86. (408) Unless specifically reserved, responsibility for performing all inspections and tests as required by the contract rests with the

Explanation

The correct answer is contractor. In this context, "unless specifically reserved" means that unless otherwise stated or designated, the responsibility for performing inspections and tests as required by the contract falls on the contractor. This means that the contractor is responsible for ensuring that all necessary inspections and tests are carried out according to the terms of the contract.

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87. (008) A contracting officer (CO) appointment must be reviewed at least

Explanation

A contracting officer (CO) appointment must be reviewed at least every five years. This ensures that the CO's qualifications, skills, and knowledge are up to date and in compliance with the requirements of the position. Regular reviews also allow for any necessary training or re-certification to be conducted, ensuring that the CO is able to effectively carry out their responsibilities in the procurement process. By conducting reviews every five years, the appointing authority can maintain a high level of professionalism and competence among their COs.

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88. (021) In determining the action to take in a specific case requiring a contract adjustment, the Comptroller General Decisions are referred to and used as

Explanation

The Comptroller General Decisions are referred to and used as precedents when determining the action to take in a specific case requiring a contract adjustment. Precedents are previously decided cases that serve as a guide for future decisions. By referring to these decisions, one can understand how similar cases were handled in the past and use that information to make informed decisions in the present case.

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89. (024) How is source selection information marked?

Explanation

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90. (216) If a contractor has been excluded from government contracting for a reasonable, specified period of time because of conviction on a criminal offense in connection with obtaining a public contract, that contractor is considered to be

Explanation

If a contractor has been excluded from government contracting for a reasonable, specified period of time because of conviction on a criminal offense in connection with obtaining a public contract, they are considered to be "debarred". Being debarred means that the contractor is prohibited from participating in future government contracts for a certain period. This is a consequence of their criminal conviction and serves as a punishment and a way to protect the government from engaging with contractors who have demonstrated unethical or illegal behavior.

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91. (407) When an indefinite-quantity type contract is being used, performance or deliveries are scheduled

Explanation

In an indefinite-quantity type contract, performance or deliveries are scheduled by placing an order with the contractor. This means that the buyer will need to contact the contractor and request the specific quantity or performance required for each month. The contractor will then fulfill the order according to the terms and conditions stated in the contract. This method allows for flexibility in the quantity or performance needed, as it can vary from month to month based on the buyer's requirements.

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92. (019) Which organization contains the Defense Acquisition Regulation Council (DAR Council) director?

Explanation

The Defense Acquisition Regulation Council (DAR Council) director is contained within the organization of the Secretary of Defense. This means that the Secretary of Defense has authority over the DAR Council director and is responsible for overseeing the defense acquisition regulations. The other options, such as the General Services Administration (GSA), Administrator of NASA, and Government Accountability Office (GAO), do not have jurisdiction over the DAR Council director.

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93. (210) By establishing an indefinite delivery contract, you are allowing for

Explanation

By establishing an indefinite delivery contract, prepriced deliveries of items under contract are allowed. This means that the deliveries of the items will have a predetermined price agreed upon in the contract. This provides clarity and eliminates the need for negotiation on the price of the items for each delivery.

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94. (212) For purchases exceeding the micro-purchase threshold, but not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), what procedures may the contracting officer elect to use?

Explanation

For purchases that exceed the micro-purchase threshold but do not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), the contracting officer has the option to use simplified acquisition procedures (SAP), sealed bidding, or negotiations. This means that the officer can choose any of these methods to procure the goods or services, depending on the specific requirements and circumstances of the purchase.

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95. (404) How many days written notice must a contractor give to the government to cancel a blanket purchasing agreement?

Explanation

A contractor must give the government 30 days written notice to cancel a blanket purchasing agreement. This allows the government sufficient time to make alternative arrangements or find a new contractor if necessary. Giving a shorter notice period could disrupt the government's procurement process and cause inconvenience or delays. A longer notice period may not be necessary and could unnecessarily prolong the cancellation process. Therefore, 30 days is considered a reasonable and appropriate timeframe for cancellation notice.

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96. (409) The principle purpose of a warranty is to delineate the rights and obligations of the contractor and the government for defective items and services and to

Explanation

The principle purpose of a warranty is to foster quality performance. A warranty is a guarantee provided by the contractor to the government that the items or services delivered will meet certain quality standards. By having a warranty in place, it incentivizes the contractor to ensure that the products or services they provide are of high quality, as they will be responsible for any defects or issues that arise. This helps to foster a culture of quality performance and encourages the contractor to deliver products and services that meet the government's requirements.

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97. (411) A cure notice notifies the contractor

Explanation

A cure notice notifies the contractor of a specific condition that the government considers to be endangering performance of the contract. This means that there is an issue or problem that needs to be addressed in order to ensure the successful completion of the contract. The notice serves as a warning to the contractor that they must take corrective action to resolve the identified condition. Failure to do so may result in further consequences or termination of the contract.

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98. (412) When does the government have the right to terminate a contract for default after issuing a cure notice and the contractor has not corrected the failure?

Explanation

The government has the right to terminate a contract for default 10 days after receipt of the cure notice. This means that if the contractor fails to correct the failure within 10 days of receiving the cure notice, the government can terminate the contract. The cure notice provides the contractor with an opportunity to rectify the failure, but if they fail to do so within the specified timeframe, the government can take action to terminate the contract.

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99. (010) For a contract to be enforceable, its terms must be clear enough to permit the

Explanation

An enforceable contract requires clear terms that can be interpreted by the courts to determine the duties and obligations of each party involved. The courts play a crucial role in interpreting and enforcing contracts, ensuring that both parties understand their responsibilities and obligations. The other options, such as the contractor, government, or parties themselves interpreting the duties and obligations, are not accurate because they do not have the authority or expertise to provide a legal interpretation of the contract terms.

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100. (013) A promise to do something that one is not legally bound to do constitutes a

Explanation

A promise to do something that one is not legally bound to do constitutes a detriment because it involves giving up a legal right or advantage. In this context, detriment refers to a loss or disadvantage incurred by the promisor in exchange for the promise. This means that the promisor is voluntarily assuming an obligation that they are not obligated to fulfill, which can be seen as a detriment to their own interests.

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101. (018) To promote and provide for the acquisition of commercial items and to promote full and open competition to the maximum extent possible, contracting officers (CO) must

Explanation

To promote full and open competition and ensure the acquisition of commercial items, contracting officers must perform acquisition planning and conduct market research. This involves analyzing the market to identify potential sources, determining the appropriate acquisition strategy, and gathering information on pricing, availability, and capabilities of potential suppliers. By conducting market research, the contracting officer can make informed decisions and ensure that the acquisition is conducted in a fair and competitive manner.

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102. (203) The contracting officer (CO) must always ensure the final description in a purchase request specifies needs using market research in a manner designed to do all of the following except

Explanation

The correct answer is "include restrictive provisions or conditions." The CO is responsible for ensuring that the final description in a purchase request promotes full and open competition, encourages offerors to supply commercial items, and does not encourage offers to supply non-developmental items when commercial items are not available. However, including restrictive provisions or conditions would limit competition and go against the goal of promoting full and open competition.

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103. (404) Under a blanket purchase agreement, the government is obligated for

Explanation

Under a blanket purchase agreement, the government is obligated for authorized purchases only. This means that the government is only required to make purchases that have been specifically authorized and approved. They are not obligated to make a minimum purchase amount, purchase a minimum quantity stated in the contract, or use the total funds obligated against the contract.

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104. (408) If supplies or services are rejected as nonconforming, notices of rejection shall be

Explanation

The correct answer is "promptly furnished to the contractor and will include reasons for rejection." This means that if supplies or services are rejected as nonconforming, the contractor will be notified promptly, and the notice will include the reasons for the rejection. This ensures that the contractor is aware of the issues and can take appropriate action to address them.

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105. (009) What action may be taken for a nonratifiable commitment?

Explanation

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106. (013) What is the name given to the exchange of promises?

Explanation

Consideration is the name given to the exchange of promises in a contract. It refers to something of value that is given by each party in the contract, such as money, goods, or services. Consideration is essential for a contract to be legally binding, as it demonstrates that there is a mutual exchange of benefits between the parties involved. Without consideration, a promise may be considered gratuitous and not enforceable. Therefore, consideration is a crucial element in the formation of a contract.

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107. (211) Acquisitions estimated at what dollar amount are reserved exclusively for small business concerns?

Explanation

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108. (215) If only one reply is received in response to a solicitation estimated at less than the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), what action must the contracting officer take before making the award?

Explanation

If only one reply is received in response to a solicitation estimated at less than the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), the contracting officer must include a statement in the contract file giving the basis of the determination of fair and reasonable price. This is necessary to ensure transparency and justification for the award decision, as there was only one contractor who responded to the solicitation. The statement will serve as evidence that the contracting officer made a reasonable determination of price fairness based on the available information.

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109. (403) Which clause must be included in an unpriced purchase order?

Explanation

In an unpriced purchase order, it is important to include a clause that informs the supplier about any notices that need to be communicated. This could include information such as delivery schedules, changes in specifications, or any other important details. Including a "Notice to Supplier" clause ensures that both parties are aware of their responsibilities and helps to facilitate effective communication throughout the purchasing process.

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110. (405) The government can exercise its right to the option period

Explanation

The government can exercise its right to the option period during the current performance period. This means that the government has the authority to choose whether or not to extend the contract for an additional period of time while the current performance period is ongoing. This allows the government to evaluate the contractor's performance and determine if it is in their best interest to continue the contract.

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111. (410) Requests for follow-up should be generated by the requesting activity when the supplies or services have not been received

Explanation

The correct answer is "by 1300 hours of the sixth day following the scheduled delivery date." This means that if the supplies or services have not been received within five work days of receiving the invoice, the requesting activity should generate a follow-up request by 1300 hours of the sixth day after the scheduled delivery date. This ensures that there is a specific timeframe for follow-up to ensure timely delivery of supplies or services.

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112. (004) Which party is the contractor?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Third party." In this context, the term "contractor" typically refers to an individual or entity that is hired to perform a specific task or provide a service. The principal is the party that initiates the contract and typically hires the contractor. The agent is a representative who acts on behalf of the principal. Therefore, the contractor is not the principal or the agent, but rather a separate entity known as the third party.

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113. (202) If you determine that the requirement in a purchase request meets the definition of a commercial item and the item is customarily available in the commercial marketplace, what part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) should you consult for procedures for the solicitation and award?

Explanation

You should consult Part 12 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) for procedures for the solicitation and award when the requirement in a purchase request meets the definition of a commercial item and the item is customarily available in the commercial marketplace. Part 12 of the FAR specifically deals with acquisition of commercial items and provides guidance on the procedures to be followed in such cases.

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114. (203) Who is responsible for the final description of need used in a solicitation?

Explanation

The contracting officer is responsible for the final description of need used in a solicitation. This means that they are in charge of accurately and clearly defining the requirements and specifications for the goods or services being sought in the solicitation. They work closely with the customer and the contractor to ensure that the description of need is comprehensive and meets the needs of the customer. The contracting officer plays a crucial role in the procurement process by ensuring that the solicitation is well-defined and aligns with the requirements of the project.

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115. (209) What is the first required source of services for federal agencies?

Explanation

JWOD participating nonprofit agencies are the first required source of services for federal agencies. This means that federal agencies are obligated to prioritize these agencies when seeking services.

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116. (410) Which one is not considered an administrative error?

Explanation

An administrative error refers to a mistake made in the administrative processes or paperwork. In this context, obvious errors in the unit price are not considered administrative errors. This means that if there are mistakes in the unit price, they would not fall under the category of administrative errors. Instead, errors in subsidiary accounting classifications, extension errors in the schedule, and typographical or other administrative errors that do not affect the terms or conditions of the order and do not require acceptance are considered administrative errors.

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117. (201) For acquisitions estimated below the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), market research must be done when

Explanation

Market research must be done when adequate information is not available and the circumstances justify the cost. This means that if there is a lack of information about the acquisition and the circumstances are such that it is necessary to conduct market research in order to make an informed decision, then market research must be done. This ensures that the government obtains the necessary information to make a well-informed acquisition decision.

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118. (215) What may be used in lieu of obtaining individual quotations each time a purchase for the same item is contemplated?

Explanation

A standing price quotation may be used in lieu of obtaining individual quotations each time a purchase for the same item is contemplated. This means that instead of requesting new quotes every time, a pre-negotiated price is already established with a supplier for a specific item. This can save time and effort in the procurement process, as the buyer can simply refer to the standing price quotation and proceed with the purchase.

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119. (402) Responsibility for exercising direction, control, and oversight of purchases using imprest funds rests with the

Explanation

The base contracting officer is responsible for exercising direction, control, and oversight of purchases using imprest funds. This means that they have the authority and responsibility to ensure that purchases made using imprest funds are in compliance with regulations and policies. The imprest fund cashier is responsible for managing and disbursing the funds, but the base contracting officer has the ultimate responsibility for overseeing the purchases made with those funds. The unit resource advisor may provide guidance and support, but the base contracting officer is the one with the final authority. The installation commander may have overall authority, but the specific responsibility for imprest fund purchases lies with the base contracting officer.

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120. (404) It is not mandatory for all blanket purchase agreements to contain

Explanation

Blanket purchase agreements (BPAs) are long-term agreements between a buyer and a seller that outline the terms and conditions for future purchases. While it is common for BPAs to include a description of the agreement, specific requirements for invoicing, and a list of authorized individuals, it is not mandatory for them to include an approved price list with specific items. This means that the buyer and seller can negotiate and agree upon pricing for items on an as-needed basis, rather than having a predetermined price list.

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121. (003) On which type contract can the government be sued?

Explanation

The government can be sued on contracts that are implied-in-fact and expressed. Implied-in-fact contracts are formed based on the conduct of the parties involved, where their actions imply an intention to enter into a contract. Expressed contracts, on the other hand, are formed through explicit agreements, either written or oral, where the terms and conditions are clearly stated. Therefore, if the government breaches either an implied-in-fact or an expressed contract, they can be sued.

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122. (204) All of the following should be included in a "brand name or equal" purchase description except

Explanation

The correct answer is "a request for bid samples of brand name specified." This option is not included in a "brand name or equal" purchase description because it goes against the concept of allowing contractors to offer alternative products that are equal to the specified brand name. The purpose of a "brand name or equal" purchase description is to provide the necessary information about the salient physical, functional, or performance characteristics essential to the government's needs, along with allowing the contractor to identify an alternative product that meets those requirements. The complete common generic identification of the item is also included to ensure clarity and specificity.

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123. (207) Which of the following may not be used to develop an independent government cost estimate?

Explanation

A quote developed for the customer by a commercial market vendor may not be used to develop an independent government cost estimate because it is not an objective and unbiased source of information. The quote is likely to be influenced by the vendor's own interests and may not accurately reflect the true cost of the project. To develop an independent government cost estimate, it is important to gather information from reliable and impartial sources such as market research, previous acquisition history, and government cost analysis.

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124. (005) Which is characteristic of implied authority?

Explanation

Implied authority refers to the authority that is not explicitly stated but is necessary or incidental to carrying out the express authority. This means that even though it may not be specifically mentioned, certain actions or decisions are within the scope of authority because they are essential for fulfilling the express authority. In other words, implied authority allows individuals to take actions that are reasonably necessary to accomplish their assigned tasks or responsibilities, even if those actions are not explicitly mentioned in the written or oral authority.

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125. (006) Who is responsible for ascertaining whether government agents are acting within the bounds of their authority?

Explanation

The contractor is responsible for ascertaining whether government agents are acting within the bounds of their authority. This means that the contractor has the duty to ensure that government agents are not exceeding their authority or engaging in any unauthorized actions. This responsibility is important to maintain accountability and to ensure that government agents are acting in accordance with the law and regulations.

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126. (023) The major determining factor in deciding if information qualifies as contractor bid or proposal information or source selection information is that it contains

Explanation

The correct answer is "information that has not previously been made available to the public." This means that for information to be classified as contractor bid or proposal information or source selection information, it must not have been accessible to the general public before. This ensures that the information remains confidential and only accessible to authorized individuals involved in the bidding or selection process.

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127. (203) Supplies and services identified in a purchase request must be stated in terms of functions to be performed,

Explanation

The correct answer is "performance required, or essential physical characteristics." This means that when identifying supplies and services in a purchase request, they must be described in terms of the performance that is required or the essential physical characteristics that are needed. This ensures that the government's minimum needs are met and that the supplies and services will be able to perform their intended functions effectively.

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128. (202) What factors affect the amount of market research conducted?

Explanation

The amount of market research conducted is affected by several factors. Urgency is an important factor as it determines the time available for conducting research. Complexity is another factor as it determines the level of effort and resources required for research. Estimated dollar value is also important as it influences the decision on how much research is needed to make an informed decision. Lastly, past experience plays a role as it helps in understanding the market and reduces the need for extensive research.

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129. (204) What requirement may be used in place of "minimum needs of the government" to get the best value for your customer and increase competition?

Explanation

Performance target may be used in place of "minimum needs of the government" to get the best value for the customer and increase competition. Performance targets set specific measurable goals and outcomes that suppliers must meet, which allows for a more objective evaluation of their performance. This encourages suppliers to innovate and compete to meet or exceed these targets, leading to improved value for the customer. Using performance targets also promotes transparency and accountability in the procurement process, as suppliers can be evaluated based on their actual performance rather than subjective criteria.

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130. (410) If the contractor has yet to deliver or begin performance on an order and you need to make a change not affecting cost of the item or delivery, to what type of agreement should you attempt to have the contractor agree?

Explanation

If the contractor has yet to deliver or begin performance on an order and you need to make a change that does not affect the cost of the item or delivery, the best option is to try to have the contractor agree to a "no cost change to the contract without modification." This means that the change can be made without requiring any formal modification to the existing contract, thereby saving time and paperwork.

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131. (411) The termination of acquisitions of commercial items is covered in Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part

Explanation

The correct answer is 12, with FAR Part 49 as guidance. This means that the termination of acquisitions of commercial items is covered in Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part 12, and FAR Part 49 provides guidance for this process.

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132. (206) Which types of copies of contractual instruments can become part of the official contract file?

Explanation

Original, authenticated copies, and conformed copies can become part of the official contract file. The original copy is the primary document that holds the legal validity of the contract. Authenticated copies are copies that have been verified as true and accurate by a notary public or other authorized personnel. Conformed copies are copies that have been marked as conforming to the original document. These copies are used for reference and distribution purposes, while the original document is typically kept in a secure location.

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133. (207) Why must any special packaging, marking, or preservation requirements be included in a customer's purchase request?

Explanation

Any special packaging, marking, or preservation requirements must be included in a customer's purchase request so that appropriate instructions and applicable provisions and clauses can be included in a solicitation. This ensures that the government is aware of the specific standards required for the purchase and allows for proper communication and documentation of these requirements. It also ensures that all necessary information is provided to potential contractors, enabling them to submit accurate proposals that meet the specified requirements.

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134. (215) It is not necessary to describe the relative importance of evaluation factors when

Explanation

When using simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) of FAR Part 13, it is not necessary to describe the relative importance of evaluation factors. This is because SAP is designed for acquisitions that are relatively simple and low in value, and therefore the evaluation process is streamlined. In these cases, the focus is on meeting the minimum requirements and obtaining the best value for the government, rather than conducting a detailed evaluation of the relative importance of different factors.

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135. (003) The government cannot be sued on a claim brought on which type contract?

Explanation

The government cannot be sued on a claim brought on an implied-in-law contract because this type of contract, also known as a quasi-contract, is not based on the mutual agreement of the parties involved. It is a legal fiction created by the courts to prevent unjust enrichment. Since the government is protected by sovereign immunity, it cannot be held liable for claims arising from implied-in-law contracts.

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136. (013) What is meant by adequate consideration?

Explanation

Adequate consideration refers to a fair bargain in an exchange. It means that the consideration being offered in a contract is of sufficient value to induce the other party to perform their obligations. It ensures that both parties are receiving a fair and reasonable exchange for their promises or acts.

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137. (405) Under fast payment procedures, payment is made

Explanation

Under fast payment procedures, payment is made before verifying receipt and acceptance but after invoicing. This means that the payment is made before the verification of the goods or services received and accepted, but after the invoice has been issued. In other words, the payment is made based on the invoice, without waiting for the verification process to be completed. This allows for a faster payment process, as it eliminates the need to wait for the verification step before making the payment.

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138. (411) A contractor has notified the contracting officer of the intent not to accept a unilateral purchase order. In this situation, the contracting officer must

Explanation

When a contractor notifies the contracting officer of their intent not to accept a unilateral purchase order, the contracting officer must proceed with cancellation of the order. This means that the order will be terminated and no further action will be taken to enforce its performance. The contractor has made it clear that they do not intend to accept the order, so the contracting officer has no choice but to cancel it. A cure notice or a letter directing the contractor to perform would not be appropriate in this situation.

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139. (208) A special form of written approval by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contracting actions is known as a

Explanation

A determination and finding is a special form of written approval that is required by statute or regulation before certain contracting actions can be taken. It serves as a formal document that outlines the reasoning and justification for the proposed action, ensuring that it complies with legal requirements and is in the best interest of the organization. This process helps to ensure transparency and accountability in government contracting.

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140. (023) Which of these is not an example of contractor bid or proposal information?

Explanation

The cost or technical evaluation of proposals is not an example of contractor bid or proposal information. Contractor bid or proposal information typically includes cost or pricing data, indirect cost and direct labor rates, and proprietary information about manufacturing processes. The cost or technical evaluation of proposals refers to the assessment and analysis of the proposals received from contractors, and is not considered as bid or proposal information itself.

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141. (412) Instead of terminating for default, the contracting officer has several options. This does not include

Explanation

The correct answer is executing a termination for convenience modification terminating unperformed work and reducing the price of any work already accepted. This option allows the contracting officer to terminate the contract for convenience and only pay for the work that has been completed and accepted. It provides a way to end the contract without incurring additional costs or liabilities for the government.

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142. (211) What information may be used to ensure that small business concerns are given opportunities to respond to solicitations issued using simplified acquisition procedures (SAP)?

Explanation

Business status information from the source list may be used to ensure that small business concerns are given opportunities to respond to solicitations issued using simplified acquisition procedures (SAP). This information would provide insight into the status and eligibility of small businesses to participate in the procurement process. It would help in identifying small businesses that are registered and qualified to bid on SAP solicitations, ensuring that they are given fair opportunities to compete for the contracts.

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143. (213) Streamlined synopsis/solicitation procedures may be used for acquisition of

Explanation

Streamlined synopsis/solicitation procedures may be used for the acquisition of commercial items using a written solicitation. This means that when the government needs to acquire commercial items, they can use simplified procedures for announcing their requirements and soliciting offers. These streamlined procedures are specifically applicable when a written solicitation is used to procure commercial items. This allows for a more efficient and effective acquisition process for commercial items, ensuring that the government can obtain the goods or services they need in a timely manner.

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(002) What agency's objective is to provide aid and counseling to...
(005) Express actual authority is created by
(014) Which individual would be considered competent to enter into a...
(205) Unnecessarily short or difficult delivery schedules tend to
(210) One of the biggest advantages to purchasing items estimated at...
(211) If the contracting officer receives only one acceptable offer...
(212) If the contracting officer suspects, or has information to...
(401) Micro-purchase is acquisition of supplies and services with a...
(406) Which type of contract should be used to procure precious...
(408) Ordinarily, what option is given to the contractor because of a...
(409) The Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) requires that...
(410) A contract action that changes or alters the agreement between...
(410) The two types of contract modifications are
(001) What act simplified the procurement of any item estimated at...
(003) As a general rule, what is the government's status as a party to...
(008) When selecting contracting officers (CO), what does the...
(009) What occurs when someone other than the contracting officer (CO)...
(405) Options are evaluated by
(407) When the government cannot predetermine (within stated limits)...
(410) When a contractor has failed to make delivery or cure a...
(020) What is meant by implementing the Federal Acquisition Regulation...
(206) What type of contracting instrument would have the letter "M" in...
(410) Who has the authority to execute contract modifications on...
(410) Unilateral modifications are allowed for no cost amended...
(003) When a government contract is ambiguous, interpretation is...
(003) If a government official clarifies an ambiguous contract, the...
(003) The elements of the government's dual capacity are
(012) Which statement is true concerning communicating acceptance of a...
(012) The term "mutual assent" indicates the
(016) Which is not a function of the contracting superintendent?
(205) The government may recoup some or all of its probable damages...
(206) FAR Subpart 4.8 establishes procedures for maintaining contract...
(208) The approval granted by a determination and finding is...
(404) The contracting officer shall ensure that each blanket purchase...
(406) What types of contracts are authorized for the acquisition of...
(407) A definite-quantity contract may be used when it can be...
(409) The implied warranty of merchantability provides that an item
(413) Data transfer, storage, and retrieval procedures must record and...
(003) State law is generally not applied in federal procurement cases...
(005) What are the two categories of actual authority?
(011) Which of these is an example of rejecting an offer?
(022) The requirements of the Defense Industrial Security Program...
(215) When, in response to a solicitation for commercial items, a...
(215) If the government issues an order resulting from a quotation,...
(402) When you are making a purchase using the Standard Form 44,...
(409) Why are contractors required to mark supplies, or otherwise...
(410) Which action should a contracting officer take to accomplish an...
(014) If the competency of a corporation is drawn into question, the...
(015) As a general rule, a contract that violates a statute is
(015) Which statement most closely defines categories of contracts...
(017) Why should contracting officer (CO) authority be discussed in...
(207) What should be done with documents that are attached to the...
(212) When a synopsis is not required, how is the requirement...
(214) Public law requires that contracts for the acquisition of...
(216) What action should be taken if legal proceedings are not...
(408) The contract must clearly define the requirements for the...
(411) Under the Contract Terms and Conditions-Commercial Items clause,...
 (411) When termination is for the government's convenience, what...
(003) Which is a correct statement concerning sovereign power?
(007) Estoppel means to restrain
(016) Which position is responsible for managing the socio-economic...
(212) When must contracting officers use the government-wide point of...
(401) You do not need advanced authorization when using the...
(406) The contract price of a fixed-price contract with economic price...
(411) The contractor shall be liable to the government for all rights...
(412) When supplies or services are still required after termination...
(413) Contract files using simplified acquisition procedures are...
(004) In the principal-agent relationship, which party acts on behalf...
(011) When no time is stated, how long will an offer continue?
(213) The contracting officer may establish a response time of less...
(403) To the maximum extent possible, purchase orders for commercial...
(412) The contracting officer has grounds to terminate a contractor...
(008) Which statement is true concerning the contracting officer's...
(020) By whose order is the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation...
(208) Each determination and finding shall set forth enough facts and...
(210) The terms and conditions of an indefinite contract delivery...
(214) How is tailoring accomplished?
(406) Which is not an accepted price adjustment type used with a...
(006) When government personnel make a mistake, the US Supreme Court...
(011) An offeror's withdrawal of an offer before acceptance is called...
(022) What is the definition of a classified contract?
(201) Services of a type offered and sold competitively in substantial...
(201) Simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) may be used for the...
(209) General Services Administration (GSA), Defense Logistics Agency...
(214) Because of the broad range of items acquired by the government,...
(408) Unless specifically reserved, responsibility for performing all...
(008) A contracting officer (CO) appointment must be reviewed at least
(021) In determining the action to take in a specific case requiring a...
(024) How is source selection information marked?
(216) If a contractor has been excluded from government contracting...
(407) When an indefinite-quantity type contract is being used,...
(019) Which organization contains the Defense Acquisition Regulation...
(210) By establishing an indefinite delivery contract, you are...
(212) For purchases exceeding the micro-purchase threshold, but not...
(404) How many days written notice must a contractor give to the...
(409) The principle purpose of a warranty is to delineate the rights...
(411) A cure notice notifies the contractor
(412) When does the government have the right to terminate a contract...
(010) For a contract to be enforceable, its terms must be clear enough...
(013) A promise to do something that one is not legally bound to do...
(018) To promote and provide for the acquisition of commercial items...
(203) The contracting officer (CO) must always ensure the final...
(404) Under a blanket purchase agreement, the government is obligated...
(408) If supplies or services are rejected as nonconforming, notices...
(009) What action may be taken for a nonratifiable commitment?
(013) What is the name given to the exchange of promises?
(211) Acquisitions estimated at what dollar amount are reserved...
(215) If only one reply is received in response to a solicitation...
(403) Which clause must be included in an unpriced purchase order?
(405) The government can exercise its right to the option period
(410) Requests for follow-up should be generated by the requesting...
(004) Which party is the contractor?
(202) If you determine that the requirement in a purchase request...
(203) Who is responsible for the final description of need used in a...
(209) What is the first required source of services for federal...
(410) Which one is not considered an administrative error?
(201) For acquisitions estimated below the simplified acquisition...
(215) What may be used in lieu of obtaining individual quotations each...
(402) Responsibility for exercising direction, control, and oversight...
(404) It is not mandatory for all blanket purchase agreements to...
(003) On which type contract can the government be sued?
(204) All of the following should be included in a "brand name or...
(207) Which of the following may not be used to develop an independent...
(005) Which is characteristic of implied authority?
(006) Who is responsible for ascertaining whether government agents...
(023) The major determining factor in deciding if information...
(203) Supplies and services identified in a purchase request must be...
(202) What factors affect the amount of market research conducted?
(204) What requirement may be used in place of "minimum needs of the...
(410) If the contractor has yet to deliver or begin performance on an...
(411) The termination of acquisitions of commercial items is covered...
(206) Which types of copies of contractual instruments can become part...
(207) Why must any special packaging, marking, or preservation...
(215) It is not necessary to describe the relative importance of...
(003) The government cannot be sued on a claim brought on which type...
(013) What is meant by adequate consideration?
(405) Under fast payment procedures, payment is made
(411) A contractor has notified the contracting officer of the intent...
(208) A special form of written approval by an authorized official...
(023) Which of these is not an example of contractor bid or proposal...
(412) Instead of terminating for default, the contracting officer has...
(211) What information may be used to ensure that small business...
(213) Streamlined synopsis/solicitation procedures may be used for...
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