4b051 Bioenvironmental Engineering Journeyman CDC Ure Questions Vol. 2

Air sampling is an administrative control because it involves monitoring and measuring the presence of airborne contaminants in a workplace. This control helps to identify potential hazards and determine if the levels of pollutants are within acceptable limits. By regularly sampling the air, administrators can implement appropriate measures to reduce exposure to harmful substances and ensure the safety and well-being of employees. Isolation, face shields, and ventilation, on the other hand, are examples of engineering controls or personal protective equipment rather than administrative controls.

An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer that is under pressure, causing water to be forced up a well shaft. The pressure is created when water is trapped between layers of impermeable rock or clay, and the aquifer is tilted or inclined, allowing the water to flow upwards. This upward flow of water is what causes it to be forced up a well shaft.

Removing the faucet aerator is the first step in taking a water sample for chlorine analysis because the aerator can contain debris or other substances that may interfere with the accuracy of the analysis. By removing the aerator, the water can flow freely and any potential contaminants in the aerator can be avoided, ensuring a more accurate analysis of the chlorine levels in the water sample.

During the busiest time of the day is the best time to take pH and chlorine measurements of the base swimming pool because this is when the pool is likely to have the highest number of people using it. By taking measurements during this time, the facility manager can ensure that the pH and chlorine levels are properly balanced to maintain a safe and healthy swimming environment for all the users.

The three pillars used to describe Force Health Protection are a healthy and fit force, casualty prevention, and casualty care and management. This means that the focus is on maintaining the health and fitness of the force, preventing casualties or injuries, and providing proper care and management for any casualties that do occur. This approach ensures that the force is able to effectively carry out their duties and missions while minimizing risks to their health and well-being.

Water Vulnerability Assessments should be accomplished/updated annually at garrison-level installations. This means that the assessments should be conducted once a year to ensure that the water systems and infrastructure at these installations are evaluated for any vulnerabilities or risks. Conducting these assessments on a regular basis allows for timely identification of potential issues and the implementation of necessary measures to mitigate them.

The base has 24 hours to deliver a public notice of a Tier I violation. This means that once the violation is identified, the base must notify the public within 24 hours. This is important to ensure transparency and accountability regarding any violations that may have occurred. A shorter timeframe of 12 hours may be too restrictive, while longer timeframes of 10 days or 30 days could delay the necessary communication of the violation to the public.

The ultimate purpose of sampling is to obtain information about the potential health threat present at an area of concern (AOC). Sampling allows for the collection of data and analysis to assess the presence and extent of any health risks. This information is crucial in making informed decisions and taking appropriate actions to mitigate or address the identified threats. Sampling helps in understanding the nature and severity of the potential health hazards, which is essential for implementing effective measures to protect the health and well-being of individuals in the affected area.

The correct answer is DREL 2800. This equipment is described as a fully equipped portable laboratory that is capable of running about 100 tests. The other options mentioned, DREL 2010, M272 water testing kit, and Bacteriological water test kit, do not have the same level of functionality and capacity as the DREL 2800. Therefore, the DREL 2800 is the most suitable option for a fully equipped portable laboratory that can run about 100 tests.

Fluid transfer is best accomplished using a Pasteur pipet because it is a small glass or plastic tube with a narrow tip that allows for precise and controlled transfer of liquids. It is commonly used in laboratories for transferring small volumes of liquids, such as when performing experiments or making dilutions. The small size and narrow tip of the Pasteur pipet make it ideal for accurately measuring and transferring small amounts of fluids.

If there is an underestimation of the sample analysis, it means that the analysis did not accurately identify potential health risks or contaminants. This can lead to a false sense of security and inadequate control measures being implemented. As a result, consumers' health can be negatively affected as they may be exposed to harmful substances without knowing it.

The first step in the Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment (OESHA) process is to conduct pre-deployment/baseline activities. This involves gathering information about the site, such as its location, potential hazards, and any previous assessments or studies that have been conducted. This step is important because it allows for the identification of potential risks and the development of appropriate strategies and protocols for the assessment. By completing these activities before deploying personnel to the site, it ensures that the assessment can be conducted efficiently and effectively.

Air gaps are not considered adequate for force protection purposes because they can be easily bypassed. This means that there is a risk of contaminants or pollutants flowing back into the water supply, which can pose a threat to public health and safety. Dual check valves, double check valves, and reduced pressure preventers are all backflow prevention devices that provide more reliable protection against backflow.

The correct answer is "Always flush out the bottle prior to taking the sample." This means that you should not flush out the bottle before taking the sample.

The factor that considers if the water source will provide an adequate supply of potable water for all personnel for the expected duration of operations is quantity. This means that the amount of water available from the source is sufficient to meet the needs of all personnel for the entire duration of their operations. Quality refers to the safety and purity of the water, availability refers to the presence or existence of the water source, and accessibility refers to the ease of reaching and using the water source.

The correct answer is "A problem is suspected with service from questionable water source or complaint." This means that bioenvironmental engineering (BE) collects water samples on a routine basis when there is a suspicion of a problem with the service from a questionable water source or when there is a complaint. This suggests that BE is proactive in monitoring and addressing potential issues with the water supply to ensure its safety and quality.

Services is one of the organizations that performs surveys of natural bathing areas. This implies that Services is involved in conducting assessments or studies of the safety, cleanliness, and overall condition of these bathing areas. They likely gather data and information to ensure that the natural bathing areas meet certain standards and regulations, providing a safe and enjoyable experience for the public.

The correct answer is Occupational and environmental health site assessment (OESHA). This process involves evaluating the environmental and industrial conditions at expeditionary locations to identify potential health threats. It focuses on assessing the risks associated with occupational and environmental factors that could affect the health and well-being of individuals in that location. This assessment is crucial in order to develop appropriate measures to mitigate and manage these risks effectively.

A cross-connection defined as "contamination" is classified as a high hazard. This means that it poses a significant risk of contaminating the water supply and potentially causing harm to human health. It is important to address and resolve high hazard cross-connections promptly to ensure the safety of the water system.

The final phase of a base sanitary survey is reporting. After conducting the survey and gathering all the necessary data, it is important to compile and analyze the findings in a report. This report will provide a comprehensive overview of the survey results, including any issues or concerns that were identified during the survey. The report will also include recommendations for improvements or corrective actions that need to be taken. By reporting the findings, the survey team can communicate their assessment to relevant stakeholders and ensure that the necessary steps are taken to address any identified sanitary issues.

Risk communication should be used to motivate the audience to action when there is an investigation of a suspicious white powder. In this situation, there is a potential risk or threat, and it is important to communicate effectively with the audience to ensure their safety and prompt action. By providing clear and concise information about the situation and the necessary precautions, risk communication can motivate the audience to take appropriate measures, such as reporting the incident, evacuating the area, or following specific protocols to minimize the risk and protect themselves.

The EPA drinking water standard that applies to the aesthetic aspects of drinking water is the Secondary standard. This standard addresses non-health-related contaminants that may affect the taste, odor, or appearance of drinking water. It includes guidelines for substances such as color, odor, taste, and certain specific contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects. The Primary standard, on the other hand, focuses on contaminants that have potential health risks and sets maximum allowable levels for these substances in drinking water.

For reverse osmosis water purification unit (ROWPU)-treated water, a contact time of 30 minutes is required to maintain a 2.0 ppm free available chlorine (FAC) residual prior to use. This contact time allows the chlorine to effectively disinfect the water and ensure it is safe for use.

A water supplier is required to provide notice of a Tier 2 violation to its customers within 30 days. This allows enough time for the supplier to investigate the violation, gather all necessary information, and communicate the details to the customers. Providing notice within 30 days ensures that customers are informed promptly and can take any necessary precautions or actions in response to the violation.

Bacteriological sampling for heterotrophic plate count and fecal coliform is required within 72 hours after a pool-related illness occurs. This is important to quickly identify any potential bacterial contamination in the pool water and take necessary measures to prevent further spread of illness. Sampling within this time frame allows for timely intervention and ensures the safety of pool users.

The step in health risk assessment (HRA) that parallels the reassessment step in the occupational and environmental health site assessment (OESHA) process is "Supervise and review." In both processes, this step involves overseeing and evaluating the assessment or results to ensure accuracy and effectiveness. It includes monitoring the implementation of controls and measures, reviewing data and findings, and making any necessary adjustments or improvements. This step is crucial in both HRA and OESHA to ensure the ongoing assessment and management of health risks in the workplace or environment.

Nitrate is not commonly found in groundwater because it is highly soluble and easily leaches out of the soil into surface water. It is more commonly found in surface water sources such as rivers and lakes. Calcium, fluoride, and magnesium are commonly found in groundwater as they are naturally present in rocks and minerals that make up the Earth's crust.

After a water main is installed and super chlorinated, a certain amount of chlorine residual must remain in the water to ensure its safety. In this case, the correct answer is 25 ppm. This means that after 24 hours, there should be 25 parts per million of chlorine remaining in the water. This residual chlorine helps to disinfect the water and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and pathogens.

The development of the flight's Environmental Sampling Analysis and Monitoring Plan is based on the regulatory requirements for the drinking water system. This means that the plan is created in accordance with the rules and regulations set by the relevant authorities for ensuring the safety and quality of the drinking water. The plan will outline the necessary sampling and analysis procedures to be followed in order to meet these regulatory requirements.

If the color of the water in the test tube does not exactly match any of the color comparator standards, you would record the residual as the reading between the two standards. This means that you would compare the color of the water to the two nearest color standards and estimate the reading to be in between those two values. This allows for a more accurate measurement and helps to account for any slight variations in color.

The correct answer is R2A Agar. The Spread Plate Method is a technique used to quantify the number of viable microorganisms in a sample. R2A Agar is a specific type of agar that is commonly used for this method. It is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria, including those that are slow-growing or difficult to culture. By using R2A Agar, the spread plate method can effectively isolate and enumerate bacteria present in the sample.

The correct answer is 2 hours because it is stated that the swimming pool manager or lifeguard measures pH and chlorine at least once every 2 hours. This means that they check the levels of pH and chlorine in the pool every 2 hours to ensure that they are maintaining a safe and balanced environment for swimmers.

After selecting the most stringent and current standard, the next step is to consult with the bioenvironmental engineer (BE) to determine the sampling results. Once the results are obtained, the next logical step would be to interpret these results. This would involve analyzing the data and understanding the implications of the findings. It is important to interpret the sampling results accurately in order to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions based on the findings.

The correct answer is Site reconnaissance. In the context of Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment (OESHA), site reconnaissance involves collecting information about the site and its surroundings to identify any potential health threats. During this step, if additional threats are identified that were not previously anticipated, it indicates that the health threat information collected during the pre-deployment and baseline activities is being validated.

Initial assessment screening is beneficial because it helps narrow the parameters for analysis by ruling out the presence of high potential threats. By conducting this screening, potential threats can be identified and eliminated early on, allowing for a more focused and efficient analysis process. This helps save time and resources by prioritizing the analysis of only the most relevant and significant threats.

The preseason inspection is conducted 30 days before the opening of the swimming pool. This allows enough time for any necessary repairs or maintenance to be completed before the pool is open to the public. Conducting the inspection a month in advance ensures that any issues can be addressed and resolved in a timely manner, ensuring the safety and readiness of the pool for the upcoming season.

The correct answer is 2-7 days. When sampling for solids, the maximum regulatory time the samples can be stored prior to analysis is 2-7 days. This means that the samples should be analyzed within this time frame to ensure accurate results. Storing the samples for longer periods may result in degradation or changes in the composition of the solids, leading to inaccurate analysis.

Worker complaints are typically associated with special purpose sampling. Special purpose sampling is used when there is a specific objective or purpose for the sampling, such as investigating and addressing worker complaints. This type of sampling allows for a focused and targeted approach to gathering data and identifying any issues or concerns related to worker complaints. Compliance sampling, on the other hand, is used to ensure that organizations are following regulations and standards, while degree of hazard sampling focuses on assessing the level of risk or danger in a particular situation. Evaluate controls sampling is used to assess the effectiveness of control measures in place.

Adding sodium thiosulfate to water sample collection bottles eliminates the chlorine in the water sample. Chlorine is often added to water as a disinfectant, but it can interfere with certain tests or analyses. By eliminating the chlorine, the water sample can be accurately tested without any interference or false results.

Sealing the liquid sample containers helps detect unauthorized tampering of the samples. By sealing the containers, any attempt to open or tamper with the samples will be evident. This ensures the integrity of the samples and prevents any unauthorized access or manipulation. It provides a level of security and confidence in the accuracy and reliability of the samples being transported or stored.

Standardizing processes and information within the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System (DOEHRS) allows installations to devote more resources to high-risk operations. By standardizing processes, the system ensures consistency and efficiency, reducing the time and effort required for manual tasks. This frees up resources that can be allocated to high-risk operations, improving readiness and effectiveness.

Workplace supervisors have the responsibility to assess workplaces and identify if hazards are present that require personal protective equipment. They are in charge of overseeing the safety of the workplace and ensuring that all necessary precautions are taken to protect employees from potential hazards. This includes conducting regular assessments to identify any hazards and determining if personal protective equipment is necessary to mitigate the risks. The other options mentioned, such as the BE Officer, BE Technician, and Chief of Safety, may also play a role in workplace safety, but the primary responsibility lies with the workplace supervisors.

The correct answer is the Environmental Protection Agency. The consumer confidence report is a requirement under the Safe Drinking Water Act, and it is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency. This report provides information to consumers about the quality of their drinking water, including any contaminants that may be present and the potential health risks associated with them. The Environmental Protection Agency plays a key role in ensuring that consumers have access to safe and clean drinking water, and the consumer confidence report is one of the ways they fulfill this responsibility.

The Air Force Safety Center is responsible for establishing standards for safety programs associated with personal protective equipment. They are tasked with ensuring the safety and well-being of Air Force personnel and establishing guidelines and protocols to minimize risks and accidents. The Chief of Safety, Air Force Surgeon General, and Air Force Material Command may also play important roles in safety programs, but the Air Force Safety Center is specifically responsible for setting standards for personal protective equipment.

Bioenvironmental engineering (BE) collects bacteriological samples from the aircraft watering point source on a monthly basis. This suggests that the collection of these samples occurs once every month.

To distinguish potential health implications associated with the site from possible contamination that is not site-related, it is necessary to sample both surface water and groundwater. Sampling upgradient and downgradient of both surface water and groundwater sources will provide a comprehensive assessment of the potential contamination and its source. This approach allows for the identification of any contamination that may be originating from the site itself, as well as any contamination that may be coming from other sources.

As a member of the preventive and aerospace medicine (PAM) team, you will not be involved in implementing hazard recommendations in support of contingency operations. This task is typically handled by other teams or departments that specialize in emergency response and contingency planning. Your role as a member of the PAM team would primarily focus on evaluating environmental and industrial conditions, helping in the selection of bed down sites and facility configurations, and developing and communicating the results of site assessments.

The next step after receiving sample results back from an off-base support laboratory is to select the correct standard. This is important because different standards may have different reference values or criteria for measurement. By selecting the correct standard, you ensure that you are comparing the sample results to the appropriate reference values and making accurate interpretations or decisions based on those results.

After breakpoint chlorination, the oxidation of ammonia causes an increase in residual chlorine that is primarily free available chlorine (FAC). Ammonia is commonly found in water sources, and during breakpoint chlorination, chlorine is added to the water until all the organic matter, including ammonia, is oxidized. This oxidation reaction converts ammonia into chloramines, which are a combination of chlorine and ammonia. As more ammonia is oxidized, more chloramines are formed, leading to an increase in residual chlorine, specifically free available chlorine (FAC).

The correct answer is "Air Force Water System Overview." This questionnaire is designed to be the initial checklist used when conducting joint interviews with Air Force system owner/operator stakeholders. It provides an overview of the Air Force water system and helps gather information about its operation and management.

A sanitary survey on a noncommunity water system that uses only protected and disinfected underground water must be conducted at least every ten years following the initial survey. This ensures that the system is regularly assessed for any potential risks or issues related to the safety and quality of the water supply. Conducting the survey at regular intervals helps to identify and address any necessary improvements or corrective actions to maintain the safety and integrity of the water system.

The maximum time between collection and examination of bacteriological water samples when shipped to a laboratory is 24 hours. This is because bacteria in water samples can multiply rapidly over time, leading to inaccurate results if not examined within a reasonable timeframe. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the samples reach the laboratory within 24 hours to obtain reliable and accurate results.

Water with a high pH level (above 8.5) can cause aesthetic problems. Aesthetic problems refer to issues that affect the appearance, taste, or odor of the water. High pH levels can result in a bitter taste, soapy texture, or a metallic or alkaline taste. These problems may not pose a health risk but can make the water unpleasant to drink or use for cooking or cleaning.

Buffer solution is used to calibrate the pH pen because it is a solution with a known pH value that is used as a reference point for calibration. Distilled water and deionized water do not have a specific pH value and therefore cannot be used for calibration. The calibration fluid that comes with the pH pen may also be a buffer solution specifically designed for calibration purposes.

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If the bacteriological quality of the swimming pool water does not meet standards, the recommended action is to collect repeat samples from the sections where the original samples were taken. This is important in order to confirm the initial results and to determine the extent of the issue. By collecting repeat samples, it allows for a more accurate assessment of the bacteriological quality and helps in identifying any potential sources of contamination.

A Tier 2 violation refers to a violation that has the potential to adversely affect public health, but is not an immediate threat. Failure to comply with variances and exemptions approved by the primacy agency falls under this category as it indicates a failure to meet the regulations set by the agency responsible for enforcing water quality standards. This violation may lead to non-compliance with certain standards or requirements, posing a potential risk to public health.

The primary indicator of disinfection efficiency in swimming pools is the heterotrophic plate count. This count measures the number of viable bacteria that can grow in a given sample. A high count indicates that the disinfection process is not effectively killing bacteria, while a low count suggests that the disinfection is working well. This indicator is important as it helps to ensure that the pool water is safe and free from harmful bacteria that can cause illness.

Automatic sampling is the most cost-effective method when considering the cost of sampling. This method involves using automated equipment to collect samples, which reduces the need for manual labor and minimizes the chances of human error. It also allows for continuous sampling over a long period of time, which can provide a more representative sample compared to grab or manual sampling methods. Additionally, automatic sampling can be programmed to collect samples at specific intervals or when certain conditions are met, further optimizing the cost efficiency of the sampling process.

Total combined chlorine is determined by subtracting the free available chlorine (FAC) results from the total residual chlorine (TRC) results. This calculation allows for the measurement of the chlorine that has combined with other substances in the water, such as ammonia or organic matter, to form disinfection byproducts. By subtracting the FAC from the TRC, the amount of chlorine that is present in this combined form can be determined.

The upper layer where water and air are present in varying amounts that change over time is known as the unsaturated zone. In this zone, the soil and rock have some empty spaces or pores that are not completely filled with water. The amount of water present in this zone is less than its maximum capacity, allowing air to occupy some of the spaces. This zone is also referred to as the vadose zone or the zone of aeration.

The Water System Backflow Prevention/Cross-connection Survey is conducted every five years on all facilities. This means that the survey is performed once every five years to ensure that the backflow prevention and cross-connection systems in place are functioning effectively.

When inspecting vents to ensure screens are intact and maintenance access ports to the storage tanks are closed, you are assessing the area of the facility known as finished water storage. This area is where treated water is stored before it is distributed to consumers. It is important to inspect vents and access ports to ensure that the stored water remains clean and protected from any contamination.

The equipment that is not considered part of the watering point is the aircraft water system. This is because the watering point refers to the location where water is made available for use, such as faucets or containers. The aircraft water system, on the other hand, is a separate system within the aircraft that stores and distributes water for various purposes. Therefore, it is not included as part of the watering point.

Calibration ensures that your sampling equipment is used safely and reliably. Calibration involves adjusting and verifying the accuracy and precision of the equipment, ensuring that it is functioning correctly and providing accurate measurements. By calibrating the equipment, you can trust that it will provide reliable results, which is crucial for any sampling process.

In a deployed setting, water sampling is conducted to assess the continued safety of the water system. This involves collecting samples of the water to test for any contaminants or impurities that may pose a risk to the health and well-being of the individuals using the water. By assessing the safety of the water system, any necessary measures can be taken to ensure that the water is safe for consumption and other uses.

Groundwater is found in both unsaturated and saturated zones. The unsaturated zone, also known as the vadose zone, is the area above the water table where the soil and rock contain air and water. The saturated zone is the area below the water table where the soil and rock are completely filled with water. Groundwater can be found in both of these zones depending on the level of saturation.

Unconfined aquifers are those in which the water table is not confined by impermeable layers of rock or soil. This means that the water is free to move vertically and can naturally flow to the surface without the need for a pump. In contrast, confined aquifers are surrounded by impermeable layers, which create pressure and require a pump to push the water to the surface. Therefore, the correct answer is unconfined.

The consumer confidence report should provide information about the quality of the drinking water, including water quality information from the previous year and fundamental information about the drinking water. It should also include a summary of all monitoring that has been done on base by bioenvironmental engineering (BE). However, the report should not include the primary notification of potential risks posed by drinking water. This information should be communicated separately and promptly to consumers to ensure their safety.

Including field blanks along with the liquid samples helps to check for cross-contamination while handling the samples. Field blanks are samples that are taken from the field and treated in the same way as the actual samples, but they are not expected to contain the analytes of interest. By analyzing the field blanks alongside the actual samples, any contamination that may have occurred during the handling process can be identified. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the laboratory analysis by confirming that any detected analytes are truly present in the samples and not a result of contamination.

The proper way to document your sample results once they have been interpreted is in accordance with the latest data management system. This means that you should follow the guidelines and procedures set by the most up-to-date system for recording and organizing data. This ensures that your documentation is accurate, consistent, and in line with current standards.

Bioenvironmental engineering (BE) must perform a sanitary survey of an aircraft watering point annually. This is necessary to ensure that the water source is safe and free from any contaminants that could pose a risk to the health of the aircraft occupants. Regular inspections help to identify any potential issues and allow for corrective actions to be taken promptly, ensuring the provision of clean and safe water for the aircraft.

Using a chain of custody form is important because it helps ensure sample integrity from collection to data reporting. This form documents the entire process of handling and transferring the sample, including who collected it, who handled it, and when and how it was transported. By maintaining a clear and documented chain of custody, it becomes easier to track and verify the integrity of the sample, ensuring that it has not been tampered with or contaminated during the entire process until the final data reporting stage.

Heterotrophic plate counts are performed for swimming pools to measure changes in the swimming pool treatment process. This test helps to determine if the treatment process is effectively reducing the number of heterotrophic organisms in the water. By regularly monitoring the plate counts, it is possible to identify any fluctuations or trends in the treatment process, allowing for adjustments to be made if necessary to maintain water quality and ensure the safety of swimmers.