4b051 Bioenvironmental Engineering Journeyman CDC Ure Questions Vol. 4

Ionizing radiation has the ability to separate orbital electrons from their nuclei, creating an ion. This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, resulting in the formation of ions. Visible, ultraviolet, and nonionizing radiation do not possess enough energy to cause this ionization process.

Class 4 lasers are hazardous to view under any condition because they emit high-power laser beams that can cause severe eye injuries, including permanent blindness. These lasers have the highest level of potential danger and require strict safety precautions to be followed. In contrast, Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3a lasers have lower power levels and are considered less hazardous, with Class 1 being the least hazardous.

AF RIC stands for Air Force Radioisotope Committee. The AF RIC provides regulatory oversight for the use of radioactive materials by Air Force organizations. They ensure that the use of radioactive materials is conducted safely and in accordance with regulations and guidelines. The AF RIC is responsible for reviewing and approving requests for the use of radioactive materials, conducting inspections and audits, and providing guidance and training to ensure compliance with radiation safety requirements.

A tanning booth emits ultraviolet radiation, specifically UV-A and UV-B rays. These rays penetrate the skin and stimulate the production of melanin, causing the skin to darken or tan. While excessive exposure to UV radiation can be harmful and increase the risk of skin cancer, controlled exposure in a tanning booth can provide a desired tan.

When a rock is rolling down a hill, it possesses kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and it depends on the mass and velocity of an object. As the rock rolls down the hill, it gains speed and its motion increases, resulting in an increase in its kinetic energy. Therefore, the correct answer is kinetic.

The transmission line is the component that transfers RFR (Radio Frequency Radiation) energy to the antenna. It acts as a conduit, carrying the RF signal from the transmitter to the antenna, ensuring efficient transfer of energy. The receiver is responsible for capturing and processing the signal, while the modulator is responsible for modifying the signal. However, in this case, it is the transmission line that directly transfers the energy to the antenna.

Infrared radiation is commonly emitted by furnaces and molten metals. Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than visible light and is not visible to the human eye. It is often associated with heat and is used in various applications such as heating and thermal imaging. Gamma radiation, on the other hand, is a high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by radioactive substances, while visible light is the range of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths than visible light and is emitted by the sun, while infrared radiation has longer wavelengths.

During the evaluation phase, the highest priority should be given to the ground-level hazard. This means that any emitter that poses a risk or danger at ground level should be addressed and mitigated first. This is because hazards at ground level can potentially cause immediate harm or injury to individuals, making them the most urgent to deal with.

The probe should be held in front of your body while conducting RFR measurements. This position ensures that the probe is exposed to the same level of radiation as your body, providing accurate measurements. Holding the probe above your head, close to your body, or to one side of your body may result in inaccurate readings as the probe may not be exposed to the same level of radiation.

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The given information includes the frequency, pulse width, PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency), and antenna type. Pulsed wave systems use short bursts or pulses of energy with specific pulse widths and PRF. The frequency of 150 MHz also suggests a pulsed wave system. The antenna gain and type (aperture) are not relevant to determining the type of system. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is pulsing wave.

Coveralls and gloves are protective gear that can shield a person's skin from harmful radiation. Alpha and beta radiation are types of ionizing radiation that can cause damage to the skin if it comes into direct contact. Therefore, wearing coveralls and gloves can prevent alpha and beta radiation from potentially harming a person's skin. Gamma and X-ray radiation, on the other hand, are forms of electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate through coveralls and gloves, making them less effective in protecting against these types of radiation. Neutron and photon radiation are not typically associated with direct skin damage, so coveralls and gloves may not be necessary for protection against these types of radiation.

The correct answer is "Controlled" because the question is asking for the appropriate table to look in for the RFR PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for radiation workers who have been trained and understand the hazards of exposure. In a controlled environment, measures are taken to limit and control the exposure to radiation, so the table for this environment would provide the necessary information for these workers.

Class 1 lasers are considered safe and incapable of causing injury during normal use. They have low power levels and are not hazardous, even with prolonged exposure. Class 2, Class 3a, and Class 4 lasers, on the other hand, have higher power levels and can potentially cause harm if not used properly.

Exposure to infrared radiation can cause thermal stress, which refers to the body's inability to regulate its temperature effectively. This can lead to various health issues such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration. Therefore, thermal stress is the most likely condition that can be caused by infrared radiation exposure.

The TLV® for an occupational exposure of the eyes to near-infrared radiation is based on an 8-hour workday. This means that the recommended limit for exposure to near-infrared radiation is calculated based on an 8-hour period of work.

Gamma radiation poses the most serious external hazard because of its high penetrating ability. Unlike alpha and beta radiation, gamma radiation is highly energetic and can easily pass through materials, including the human body. This makes it more likely to cause damage to living tissues and organs, leading to serious health risks such as radiation sickness, DNA damage, and an increased risk of cancer.

As the frequency of a wave increases, the wavelength decreases. This is because frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other. Higher frequency means more oscillations per unit time, which results in shorter distances between the wave's crests or troughs. Therefore, as the frequency becomes higher, the wavelength becomes shorter.

The transmitter is responsible for generating and sending the radio frequency (RF) signal. It takes the input signal and amplifies it to a level suitable for transmission. Therefore, the transmitter is the component that amplifies the RF signal.

After obtaining RFR meter readings, you need to multiply them by the correction factor in order to find the real power density. This is because the correction factor adjusts the readings to account for any discrepancies or inaccuracies in the measurement. By multiplying the readings by the correction factor, you can obtain a more accurate and reliable value for the real power density.

In the onset of an RFR overexposure investigation, it is important to prioritize the health and well-being of the exposed individual. A medical evaluation is necessary to assess any potential health effects or symptoms resulting from the overexposure. This evaluation will help determine the appropriate course of action and treatment for the individual. A record of exposure, thorough interview, and complete report may also be important in the investigation process, but the immediate concern should be the medical evaluation of the exposed individual.

Workers must receive initial and annual training when they have the potential to be exposed to 10 percent of annual dose limits. This means that if workers have the potential to be exposed to radiation levels that reach or exceed 10 percent of the maximum allowable dose for a year, they must receive training. This training is important to ensure that workers are aware of the risks associated with radiation exposure and know how to protect themselves and others from harm.

The number of electromagnetic waves passing a certain point in one second is known as frequency. Frequency is a measure of how many complete cycles of a wave occur in a given time period. It is measured in hertz (Hz) and is directly related to the energy and wavelength of the wave. A higher frequency corresponds to a greater number of waves passing a point in one second, indicating a higher energy and shorter wavelength. Therefore, frequency is the correct answer in this context.

The exposure for customers at a golf course near an emitter would be described as uncontrolled. This means that there are no measures in place to limit or mitigate the exposure to the emissions from the emitter. Customers would be directly exposed to the emissions without any form of shielding or control.

The correct answer is H field. The magnetic field is commonly referred to as the H field. This field represents the magnetic intensity or magnetizing field and is measured in units of ampere per meter (A/m). It is used to describe the magnetic properties and behavior of materials. The H field is related to the magnetic flux density (B field) through the material's magnetic permeability.

When performing RFR (Radio Frequency Radiation) measurements, it is recommended to start farther away from the antenna than the calculated distance. This is because the calculated distance is based on theoretical calculations and may not account for real-world factors such as reflections, diffractions, and obstructions. By starting farther away, it helps to ensure that the measurements are taken in a more conservative and accurate manner, reducing the risk of potential RF exposure.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is not authorized to control radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure. PPE, such as gloves, goggles, or aprons, is used to protect individuals from physical or chemical hazards, but it does not provide protection against RFR. RFR exposure can only be controlled through engineering controls, administrative controls, and safe work practices.

Tightly woven fabric provides the best protection against lasers because the close-knit structure of the fabric prevents the laser beams from penetrating through the material. This helps to minimize the risk of burns or other injuries caused by laser exposure. Loose fabric, light-colored fabric, and darkly colored fabric are not as effective in blocking laser beams, as they may have larger gaps between the fibers or allow more light to pass through. Therefore, tightly woven fabric is the most suitable choice for ensuring maximum protection against lasers.

The USAF uses electronic countermeasures as an example of a RFR emitter for its mission. Electronic countermeasures are devices or systems that emit radio frequency radiation (RFR) to disrupt or deceive enemy radar, communication, or other electronic systems. These countermeasures are used to protect aircraft from detection or attack, making them an essential tool for the USAF in carrying out their missions effectively.

During the evaluation phase, the second priority should be given to the climbing hazard RFR emitter. This is because a climbing hazard poses a significant risk to individuals who may come into contact with it. It is important to address and mitigate this hazard to ensure the safety of personnel and prevent any accidents or injuries that may occur due to climbing hazards.

LHAZ is the program that the Air Force uses for laser safety assessment and hazard control.

The wavelength of a radio frequency (RFR) emission determines the minimum size of a waveguide designed for it. The waveguide must have a dimension that is at least one-half of the wavelength in order to effectively transmit the RFR signal. In this case, the wavelength is 20 cm, so the waveguide must have a dimension of at least 10 cm to accommodate the RFR emission.

The correct answer is "Athermal." Athermal refers to the absence of heat or thermal effects. In the context of RFR (Radio Frequency Radiation), it means that there is no biological effect associated with thermal absorption. This suggests that the health effects of RFR are not related to the heating of tissues or cells. Instead, other mechanisms such as resonance or indirect effects may be responsible for the biological effects of RFR.

The correct answer is 100. This suggests that during a swipe sample of a sealed radiological source, the total surface area covered is 100 square centimeters.

As the electrons gain more kinetic energy, they move to higher energy levels or orbitals farther away from the nucleus. This is because the increased energy allows them to overcome the attractive force of the nucleus and move to higher energy levels where they are less tightly bound. Therefore, the more kinetic energy the electrons have, the farther they are from the nucleus.

Near-infrared radiation is used in television remotes to transmit signals to the television. This type of radiation is not used in black lights, germicidal lamps, or mercury vapor lamps.

The correct answer is due to the proximity of patients and visitors in the medical X-ray environment. In medical X-ray operations, patients and visitors are often in close proximity to the X-ray machine, increasing their potential exposure to radiation. In contrast, industrial X-rays are typically conducted in shielded facilities where public access is restricted, reducing the risk of public exposure.

The correct answer is "other methods are inadequate or cannot be used." This means that time is recommended as a control method to limit workers' exposures in a radiation field when there are no other suitable methods available or when the existing methods are not effective enough.

The unit radiation safety officer is the point of contact for radiation protection matters for the unit commander. They are responsible for ensuring that proper radiation safety protocols are followed within the unit and for providing guidance and support to the unit commander in matters related to radiation protection.

The risk rating "Low" indicates that the transmission time is too short to exceed the average power density allowed for that frequency. This means that the transmission is within the acceptable limits and does not pose a significant risk in terms of power density.

To capture the population at risk of laser hazards, you establish a SEG, which stands for Specific Examination Group. This refers to a group of personnel who have been identified as being exposed to laser hazards and need to undergo specific examinations to assess their health and safety. The SEG helps ensure that the at-risk individuals receive the necessary attention and precautions to prevent any harm or injury caused by laser hazards.

When an element is unstable, it will emit particles of energy in order to achieve stability. This process is known as radioactive decay, where unstable atoms release excess energy in the form of particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. By emitting these particles, the unstable element transforms into a more stable configuration, with a lower energy state. This emission of energy helps the element to achieve a more balanced and stable state.

Swipe testing is the type of testing conducted on unsealed radiation sources. This involves using a swipe or a wipe to collect samples from the surface of the source and then analyzing these samples for the presence of radioactive contamination. This type of testing helps to ensure that there is no leakage or release of radioactive material from the source, thus ensuring safety and compliance with regulations.

If the exposures in the RFR overexposure investigation may have exceeded at least five times the permissible exposure limit (PEL), then all documentation of the investigation must be forwarded to USAFSAM.

A pumping system is necessary for a laser to operate because it provides the energy required to excite the atoms or molecules in the laser medium. This excitation creates a population inversion, which is necessary for the amplification of light. The pumping system can use various methods such as electrical discharge, flash lamps, or diode lasers to provide the energy needed. Without a pumping system, the laser medium would not be able to reach the necessary energy levels to produce a laser beam.

The electromagnetic force that causes protons to tear apart the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay is known as the Coulomb force. This force is responsible for the repulsion between positively charged protons, as like charges repel each other. As a result of this force, the nucleus becomes unstable and undergoes radioactive decay. The other options, positron force, isomeric force, and transformation force, are not accurate names for the electromagnetic force involved in this process.

The correct answer is "Short duration." This means that the repair and maintenance shops of the RFR emitters should be given a higher priority compared to routine operations because the repair and maintenance tasks are expected to be completed quickly.

After swiping the external surface of a radioactive material shipment, the next step is to check the swipe paper with an ADM-300. This is done to determine if there is any contamination present on the surface of the shipment. The ADM-300 is a device used for detecting and measuring radiation levels. By checking the swipe paper with this device, it ensures that any potential contamination can be identified and appropriate measures can be taken to handle the shipment safely.

The Air Force Radioactive Recycle and Disposal Office is responsible for recycling and disposing of radioactive waste and mixed waste generated by Air Force operations. This office ensures that these hazardous materials are handled and disposed of in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. They play a crucial role in managing and minimizing the impact of radioactive waste on the environment and public health.

A "nontemplate" radiation permit is issued for radioactive material uses that are unique in nature or relative risk. This means that these uses do not fit into the standard or traditional categories for radiation permits.