9th Grade Trivia: Prove Yourself By Taking This Biology Test!

1. Which of the following are the two main groups of white blood cells?

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Stem cells and platelets

Macrophages and bacteriophages

Erythrocytes and monocytes

Phagocytes and lymphocytes are the two main groups of white blood cells. Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens, while lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by producing antibodies and coordinating the body's defense against infections. Stem cells and platelets are not white blood cells, but rather involved in the production of blood cells and blood clotting respectively. Macrophages and bacteriophages are specific types of phagocytes, not separate groups. Erythrocytes are red blood cells, and monocytes are a type of white blood cell, but they are not the main groups of white blood cells.

Explanation

Phagocytes and lymphocytes are the two main groups of white blood cells. Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens, while lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by producing antibodies and coordinating the body's defense against infections. Stem cells and platelets are not white blood cells, but rather involved in the production of blood cells and blood clotting respectively. Macrophages and bacteriophages are specific types of phagocytes, not separate groups. Erythrocytes are red blood cells, and monocytes are a type of white blood cell, but they are not the main groups of white blood cells.

2. What is produced by a lymphocyte that enables it to neutralise pathogens?

Antigens

Antipaths

Antibodies

Antibacts

Lymphocytes produce antibodies, which enable them to neutralize pathogens. Antibodies are proteins that are specifically designed to recognize and bind to foreign substances, such as antigens, on the surface of pathogens. This binding triggers a series of immune responses that help to eliminate the pathogens from the body. Antibodies can neutralize pathogens by preventing them from infecting cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells, and promoting the clearance of pathogens through various mechanisms. Therefore, antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to defend against infections.

Explanation

Lymphocytes produce antibodies, which enable them to neutralize pathogens. Antibodies are proteins that are specifically designed to recognize and bind to foreign substances, such as antigens, on the surface of pathogens. This binding triggers a series of immune responses that help to eliminate the pathogens from the body. Antibodies can neutralize pathogens by preventing them from infecting cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells, and promoting the clearance of pathogens through various mechanisms. Therefore, antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to defend against infections.

3. Which of the following also help your body defend itself against infection?

Mucus and cilia in the respiratory system

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Lysozyme (an enzyme) in tears

All three of the above

Mucus and cilia in the respiratory system help defend the body against infection by trapping and removing pathogens that enter the airways. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills many bacteria and other microorganisms that are ingested with food and water. Lysozyme in tears is an enzyme that helps destroy the cell walls of bacteria, preventing their growth and spread. All three of these mechanisms work together to protect the body from infections.

Explanation

Mucus and cilia in the respiratory system help defend the body against infection by trapping and removing pathogens that enter the airways. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills many bacteria and other microorganisms that are ingested with food and water. Lysozyme in tears is an enzyme that helps destroy the cell walls of bacteria, preventing their growth and spread. All three of these mechanisms work together to protect the body from infections.

4. Your body can develop a natural immunity to certain pathogens. What is the name of the cells responsible for this?

Lymphocytes

Leucocytes

Phagocytes

Virocytes

Lymphocytes are the cells responsible for developing a natural immunity to certain pathogens. These white blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and targeting specific antigens. They can differentiate into various types of cells, including B cells and T cells, which work together to produce antibodies and destroy infected cells. Through their ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens, lymphocytes enable the body to mount a more rapid and effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

Explanation

Lymphocytes are the cells responsible for developing a natural immunity to certain pathogens. These white blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and targeting specific antigens. They can differentiate into various types of cells, including B cells and T cells, which work together to produce antibodies and destroy infected cells. Through their ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens, lymphocytes enable the body to mount a more rapid and effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

5. Why are antibiotics no good for treating colds and 'flu?

Colds and 'flu are viral infections

Cold and 'flu mutate too quickly so the antibiotics only work for a very short time

Colds and 'flu are 'superbugs' and totally resistant to antibiotics

Antibiotics cannot work fast enough to treat colds and 'flu

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Explanation

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6. The lymphocytes produce antibodies. How do antibodies work?

They penetrate inside the pathogen and destroy its nucleus

They penetrate inside the pathogen and change the chemical composition of the cytoplasm

They attach to the pathogens and take them to the liver where they are destroyed

Antibodies work by attaching to pathogens (such as bacteria or viruses) and causing them to clump together. This clumping makes it easier for phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) to locate and ingest the pathogens, ultimately leading to their destruction.

Explanation

Antibodies work by attaching to pathogens (such as bacteria or viruses) and causing them to clump together. This clumping makes it easier for phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) to locate and ingest the pathogens, ultimately leading to their destruction.

7. Which of the following is not one of the ways that white blood cells provide active immunity?

They destroy invading pathogens by eating them

They produce antibodies to destroy pathogens

They produce antitoxins that neutralise toxins from pathogens

They destroy pathogens by ingesting them

White blood cells provide active immunity in various ways, such as producing antibodies to destroy pathogens and producing antitoxins that neutralize toxins from pathogens. Additionally, they destroy pathogens by ingesting them through a process called phagocytosis. Therefore, the statement "They destroy invading pathogens by eating them" is incorrect, as it describes one of the ways white blood cells provide active immunity.

Explanation

White blood cells provide active immunity in various ways, such as producing antibodies to destroy pathogens and producing antitoxins that neutralize toxins from pathogens. Additionally, they destroy pathogens by ingesting them through a process called phagocytosis. Therefore, the statement "They destroy invading pathogens by eating them" is incorrect, as it describes one of the ways white blood cells provide active immunity.

8. Vaccination is used to immunise people against diseases. Pick the false statement:

Edward Jenner is credited with the discovery of vaccination

Vaccines contain the antibodies needed to protect your body from infection

Each vaccine protects you from a specific disease

Some vaccines contain the pathogen that causes the disease

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Explanation

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9. Which of the following statements about white blood cells is incorrect?

They engulf and ingest pathogens

They expel the pathogens from the bloodstream via the liver

They produce antibodies which neutralise pathogens

They produce antitoxins to neutralise the effects of the toxins from pathogens

White blood cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. They engulf and ingest pathogens, produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens, and produce antitoxins to counteract the effects of toxins from pathogens. However, the statement that they expel pathogens from the bloodstream via the liver is incorrect. White blood cells primarily eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, where they engulf and destroy the pathogens within their own cellular structure. The liver plays a different role in the immune system, primarily involved in detoxification and metabolism rather than directly expelling pathogens from the bloodstream.

Explanation

White blood cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. They engulf and ingest pathogens, produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens, and produce antitoxins to counteract the effects of toxins from pathogens. However, the statement that they expel pathogens from the bloodstream via the liver is incorrect. White blood cells primarily eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, where they engulf and destroy the pathogens within their own cellular structure. The liver plays a different role in the immune system, primarily involved in detoxification and metabolism rather than directly expelling pathogens from the bloodstream.