9th Grade Trivia: Prove Yourself By Taking This Biology Test!
The human body is well defended against infection. Sometimes pathogens like bacteria and viruses do get through, making you ill. There are physical barriers like your skin and the cilia (tiny moving hairs) and mucus that line your respiratory system. Natural defences is a branch of biology and we will look at it today.
- 1.
Your body can develop a natural immunity to certain pathogens. What is the name of the cells responsible for this?
- A.
Lymphocytes
- B.
Leucocytes
- C.
Phagocytes
- D.
Virocytes
Correct Answer
A. LymphocytesExplanation
Lymphocytes are the cells responsible for developing a natural immunity to certain pathogens. These white blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and targeting specific antigens. They can differentiate into various types of cells, including B cells and T cells, which work together to produce antibodies and destroy infected cells. Through their ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens, lymphocytes enable the body to mount a more rapid and effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following statements about white blood cells is incorrect?
- A.
They engulf and ingest pathogens
- B.
They expel the pathogens from the bloodstream via the liver
- C.
They produce antibodies which neutralise pathogens
- D.
They produce antitoxins to neutralise the effects of the toxins from pathogens
Correct Answer
B. They expel the pathogens from the bloodstream via the liverExplanation
White blood cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. They engulf and ingest pathogens, produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens, and produce antitoxins to counteract the effects of toxins from pathogens. However, the statement that they expel pathogens from the bloodstream via the liver is incorrect. White blood cells primarily eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, where they engulf and destroy the pathogens within their own cellular structure. The liver plays a different role in the immune system, primarily involved in detoxification and metabolism rather than directly expelling pathogens from the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is produced by a lymphocyte that enables it to neutralise pathogens?
- A.
Antigens
- B.
Antipaths
- C.
Antibodies
- D.
Antibacts
Correct Answer
C. AntibodiesExplanation
Lymphocytes produce antibodies, which enable them to neutralize pathogens. Antibodies are proteins that are specifically designed to recognize and bind to foreign substances, such as antigens, on the surface of pathogens. This binding triggers a series of immune responses that help to eliminate the pathogens from the body. Antibodies can neutralize pathogens by preventing them from infecting cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells, and promoting the clearance of pathogens through various mechanisms. Therefore, antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to defend against infections.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following statements is correct?
- A.
WBCs fight against infections in the body.
- B.
Antibiotics work because the prevent the toxins from being poisonous to the host.
- C.
White blood cells produce antigens to protect the body.
- D.
Viruses cause cholera and typhoid in poor areas of the world.
Correct Answer
A. WBCs fight against infections in the body. -
- 5.
Which of the following also help your body defend itself against infection?
- A.
Mucus and cilia in the respiratory system
- B.
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- C.
Lysozyme (an enzyme) in tears
- D.
All three of the above
Correct Answer
D. All three of the aboveExplanation
Mucus and cilia in the respiratory system help defend the body against infection by trapping and removing pathogens that enter the airways. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills many bacteria and other microorganisms that are ingested with food and water. Lysozyme in tears is an enzyme that helps destroy the cell walls of bacteria, preventing their growth and spread. All three of these mechanisms work together to protect the body from infections.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is not one of the ways that white blood cells provide active immunity?
- A.
They destroy invading pathogens by eating them
- B.
They produce antibodies to destroy pathogens
- C.
They produce antitoxins that neutralise toxins from pathogens
- D.
They destroy pathogens by ingesting them
Correct Answer
A. They destroy invading pathogens by eating themExplanation
White blood cells provide active immunity in various ways, such as producing antibodies to destroy pathogens and producing antitoxins that neutralize toxins from pathogens. Additionally, they destroy pathogens by ingesting them through a process called phagocytosis. Therefore, the statement "They destroy invading pathogens by eating them" is incorrect, as it describes one of the ways white blood cells provide active immunity.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The lymphocytes produce antibodies. How do antibodies work?
- A.
They penetrate inside the pathogen and destroy its nucleus
- B.
They penetrate inside the pathogen and change the chemical composition of the cytoplasm
- C.
They attach to the pathogens and cause them to clump together making it easy for phagocytes to find and ingest them
- D.
They attach to the pathogens and take them to the liver where they are destroyed
Correct Answer
C. They attach to the pathogens and cause them to clump together making it easy for phagocytes to find and ingest themExplanation
Antibodies work by attaching to pathogens (such as bacteria or viruses) and causing them to clump together. This clumping makes it easier for phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) to locate and ingest the pathogens, ultimately leading to their destruction.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Vaccination is used to immunise people against diseases. Pick the false statement:
- A.
Edward Jenner is credited with the discovery of vaccination
- B.
Vaccines contain the antibodies needed to protect your body from infection
- C.
Each vaccine protects you from a specific disease
- D.
Some vaccines contain the pathogen that causes the disease
Correct Answer
B. Vaccines contain the antibodies needed to protect your body from infection -
- 9.
Which of the following are the two main groups of white blood cells?
- A.
Phagocytes and lymphocytes
- B.
Stem cells and platelets
- C.
Macrophages and bacteriophages
- D.
Erythrocytes and monocytes
Correct Answer
A. Phagocytes and lymphocytesExplanation
Phagocytes and lymphocytes are the two main groups of white blood cells. Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens, while lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by producing antibodies and coordinating the body's defense against infections. Stem cells and platelets are not white blood cells, but rather involved in the production of blood cells and blood clotting respectively. Macrophages and bacteriophages are specific types of phagocytes, not separate groups. Erythrocytes are red blood cells, and monocytes are a type of white blood cell, but they are not the main groups of white blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Why are antibiotics no good for treating colds and 'flu?
- A.
Colds and 'flu are viral infections
- B.
Cold and 'flu mutate too quickly so the antibiotics only work for a very short time
- C.
Colds and 'flu are 'superbugs' and totally resistant to antibiotics
- D.
Antibiotics cannot work fast enough to treat colds and 'flu
Correct Answer
A. Colds and 'flu are viral infections -
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