2a553c CDC Volume 3 Ure

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1. Using precition guided munitions, cruise missiles, or gunships is an example of?

Explanation

Using precision guided munitions, cruise missiles, or gunships involves directly targeting and attacking the physical assets or infrastructure of the enemy. This type of action aims to cause damage, destruction, or casualties to the enemy's physical resources, such as military installations, vehicles, or personnel. It is a direct offensive measure that seeks to weaken the enemy's capabilities and hinder their ability to continue operations effectively.

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2a553c CDC Volume 3 Ure - Quiz

2a553c cdc volume #3 URE questions. For 5 level upgrading on EOC

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2. An effective IRCM tactic by using the natural environment is

Explanation

Maneuvering into the sun is an effective IRCM tactic because it utilizes the natural environment to deceive heat-seeking missiles. By positioning the aircraft between the sun and the missile, the intense heat from the sun can confuse the missile's infrared sensors, making it more difficult for the missile to track and target the aircraft. This tactic takes advantage of the sun's brightness and heat to create a diversion and increase the chances of evading the missile.

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3.  The processes and actions necessary to protect your equipment from the effects of an electromagnetic pulse produced by an atomic blast is best described as

Explanation

Electromagnetic hardening refers to the processes and actions taken to protect equipment from the effects of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) produced by an atomic blast. This involves designing and implementing measures to shield and safeguard equipment against the intense electromagnetic radiation and energy released during an EMP event. It includes techniques such as using shielding materials, grounding, and surge protection to minimize the impact of the EMP on the equipment.

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4. What are EW reconnaissance crews called?

Explanation

The correct answer is Ravens. EW reconnaissance crews are commonly referred to as Ravens.

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5. What component of EW involves the use of the electromagnetic, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equiptment?

Explanation

EA stands for Electronic Attack, which involves the use of electromagnetic, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment. This component of EW focuses on disrupting, deceiving, or denying enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum, causing interference or damage to their systems.

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6. Normal suppresion of enemy air defence targets include radars for?

Explanation

The correct answer is acquisition, antiaircraft artillery, early warning/ground controlled intercept, and SAM only. Normal suppression of enemy air defense targets involves targeting and neutralizing various components of the enemy's air defense system. This includes targeting and disabling their radars for acquisition purposes, as well as their antiaircraft artillery, early warning/ground controlled intercept systems, and surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). By neutralizing these components, the attacking force can gain air superiority and reduce the effectiveness of the enemy's air defense capabilities.

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7. What aircraft is used to jam communications of the enemy's C2 network?

Explanation

The EC-130H is an aircraft specifically designed for electronic warfare and is used to jam communications of the enemy's C2 network. It is equipped with advanced electronic jamming systems that can disrupt and disable enemy communication systems, making it an effective tool for disrupting enemy command and control operations. The other options, E-6B, EF-111, and F-16CJ, are not specifically designed for jamming communications and do not have the same capabilities as the EC-130H in this regard.

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8. Which military frequency band designator denotes a frequency range higher than the others?

Explanation

The military frequency band designator "Golf" denotes a frequency range higher than the others. This means that it represents a range of frequencies that is higher in value compared to the frequency ranges represented by the designators "Echo," "Charlie," and "Foxtrot."

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9. What important tactic must be performed with flare deployment to effectively defeat infrared threats?

Explanation

Maneuvering is an important tactic that must be performed with flare deployment to effectively defeat infrared threats. By constantly changing direction and speed, an aircraft can make it difficult for infrared-seeking missiles to track and lock onto it. This evasive maneuvering can help to confuse the missile's heat-seeking sensors and increase the chances of evading the threat.

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10. What IRCM tactic is used to reduce an engine IR signature?

Explanation

Introducing smoke into the engine exhaust is a tactic used to reduce an engine's infrared (IR) signature. By releasing smoke into the exhaust, the hot gases from the engine are mixed with the smoke particles, which helps to obscure the IR signature emitted by the engine. This tactic can make it more difficult for infrared-seeking missiles or other IR detection systems to track and target the aircraft, enhancing its survivability in combat situations.

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11.  The steps taken to limit the incidental or accidental emissions from electronic equipment is best described as

Explanation

The term "emissions control" refers to the measures or actions taken to limit or reduce the incidental or accidental emissions from electronic equipment. This can include implementing shielding techniques, using filters, or employing other strategies to minimize electromagnetic interference. The other options, such as "electronic attack," "electromagnetic hardening," and "electronic counter countermeasures," do not accurately describe the steps taken to limit emissions, making "emissions control" the most appropriate answer.

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12. ) What ELINT equipment is used to determine location of emitters?

Explanation

A direction finder is used in ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) to determine the location of emitters. This equipment helps to identify the direction from which the signals are coming, allowing the user to locate the source of the signals accurately. The other options, such as pulse analyzer, spectrum analyzer, and panoramic receiver, are not specifically designed to determine the location of emitters but serve different purposes in analyzing and monitoring electronic signals.

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13. What type of radar in an air defense network is a lethal threat attacking aircraft?

Explanation

The correct answer is Terminal defense. In an air defense network, terminal defense radar is specifically designed to detect and track incoming hostile aircraft in the final phase of their attack. It plays a crucial role in identifying and engaging these threats, making it a lethal component of the network. Acquisition radar is responsible for detecting and tracking targets, height finder radar is used to determine the altitude of targets, and early warning radar detects potential threats at longer ranges.

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14. What component of the RWR selects the mode of operation?

Explanation

The interface control unit is responsible for selecting the mode of operation in the RWR. It acts as a control interface between different components of the system and allows the user to switch between different modes based on the requirements. It provides the necessary commands and signals to the other components, such as the scope, signal processor, and receiver/amplifier, to operate in the selected mode.

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15. What geolocation technique involves solving for the distance that the emitter is away from the receiver?

Explanation

Time of arrival is the geolocation technique that involves solving for the distance that the emitter is away from the receiver. This technique calculates the time it takes for a signal to travel from the emitter to the receiver, and then uses this time to determine the distance between them. By accurately measuring the time of arrival, the geolocation system can calculate the distance and pinpoint the location of the emitter. Triangulation, interferometry, and angle of arrival are other geolocation techniques, but they involve different methods for determining the location and do not directly solve for the distance.

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16. What advantage does deception jammer have over noise jammer?

Explanation

The advantage of a deception jammer over a noise jammer is that it requires less power. This means that the deception jammer is more efficient and can operate for longer periods without draining the power source. In contrast, a noise jammer requires high power, which can lead to faster power consumption and the need for more frequent recharging or power supply. Therefore, using a deception jammer can provide a more sustainable and effective solution for jamming signals.

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17. What type deception jamming technique is used at low altitude against missiles?

Explanation

Terrain bounce is a type of deception jamming technique used at low altitude against missiles. This technique involves bouncing the radar signal off the terrain to create false targets or confuse the missile's guidance system. By utilizing the natural features of the terrain, such as hills or mountains, the radar signal can be manipulated to create the illusion of multiple targets or hide the true location of the intended target. This can significantly disrupt the missile's ability to accurately track and engage its intended target, increasing the chances of evading the missile successfully.

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18. Electronic support data is not used to produce?

Explanation

Ballistic intelligence refers to the analysis and interpretation of information related to the flight path and trajectory of projectiles such as missiles or artillery shells. Electronic support data, on the other hand, involves the collection and processing of electronic signals and communications. These two types of intelligence are distinct and serve different purposes. Therefore, electronic support data is not used to produce ballistic intelligence.

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19. What support system provides detection and control of low-level aircraft beyond coverage of the ground-based radars? 

Explanation

AWACS stands for Airborne Warning and Control System. It is an advanced radar system that is mounted on an aircraft and provides detection and control of low-level aircraft beyond the coverage of ground-based radars. AWACS is capable of detecting and tracking aircraft at long ranges and can provide early warning of potential threats. It also has the ability to direct and coordinate air defense operations, making it an essential support system for surveillance and control of airspace.

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20. The point where a radar's return is stronger than the jamming signal is called the

Explanation

The crossover point refers to the point at which a radar's return signal becomes stronger than the jamming signal. At this point, the radar is able to detect and discern the target signal from the interference caused by the jamming signal. This is an important threshold as it allows the radar system to effectively identify and track targets amidst jamming attempts.

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21. What area of the aircraft will have least IR signature?

Explanation

The skin of the aircraft will have the least infrared (IR) signature. This is because the skin is designed to be heat-resistant and to dissipate heat efficiently, reducing the amount of IR radiation emitted. On the other hand, the plume, engine, and engine afterburner generate a significant amount of heat, resulting in a higher IR signature.

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22. What division of EW involves weapons that use electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism?

Explanation

Electronic attack is the division of EW that involves weapons using electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism. This division focuses on disrupting, denying, or degrading enemy electronic systems, such as communication, radar, or navigation systems. By using electromagnetic or directed energy weapons, electronic attack aims to neutralize or destroy the enemy's electronic capabilities, providing a significant advantage in warfare.

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23. Any disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, degrades, or limits the effective performance of electronics or equipment is best described as

Explanation

Electromagnetic interference refers to any disturbance that hinders or disrupts the proper functioning of electronics or equipment. This interference can be caused by various sources such as electromagnetic radiation from nearby devices, power lines, or radio waves. It can result in signal degradation, data loss, or even complete failure of the affected equipment. Electromagnetic hardening, on the other hand, refers to the process of making electronics resistant to electromagnetic interference. Electronic counter-countermeasures and electromagnetic pulse are not the most suitable descriptions for this type of disturbance.

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24. What technology does the PAS employ to detect contrail from the #3 engine exhaust?

Explanation

The PAS (Passive Aircraft Satellite) employs laser technology to detect contrail from the #3 engine exhaust. Laser technology is commonly used for remote sensing applications, and in this case, it allows the PAS to accurately detect and analyze the contrail emissions from the specific engine exhaust. Laser-based systems can provide precise measurements and enable detailed analysis of the contrail composition and characteristics.

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25. Deliberate radiation , alteration, suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy to misslead the enemy is called?

Explanation

Deception refers to the deliberate use of various techniques such as radiation, alteration, suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy to mislead the enemy. This can involve creating false signals, disguising true signals, or manipulating the enemy's perception of the electromagnetic environment. The goal of deception is to confuse and misdirect the enemy, making it difficult for them to accurately detect and interpret the true intentions and capabilities of the opposing forces.

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26. What is the most effective means of denying the enemy the use of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Explanation

The most effective means of denying the enemy the use of the electromagnetic spectrum is through destruction. By destroying the enemy's electronic communication systems, radar systems, and other electronic devices, their ability to utilize the electromagnetic spectrum for their advantage is effectively neutralized. This can be achieved through various methods such as cyber attacks, physical destruction of equipment, or jamming signals. By destroying their ability to use the electromagnetic spectrum, the enemy's communication, surveillance, and coordination capabilities are severely hindered, giving the friendly forces a significant advantage.

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27. What SAM system in north vietnam was devestating to our strike forces?

Explanation

The SA-2 SAM system in North Vietnam was devastating to our strike forces. This surface-to-air missile system, also known as the "Guideline," was highly effective in shooting down American aircraft during the Vietnam War. Its long-range capability and advanced radar-guided technology made it a significant threat to US strike missions, forcing them to adapt their tactics and employ electronic countermeasures to try and evade its deadly reach. The SA-2 played a crucial role in the air defense network of North Vietnam and caused significant losses to American forces throughout the conflict.

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28. What type of jamming masks the presence and/or location of the strike force?

Explanation

Standoff jamming is a type of jamming that masks the presence and/or location of the strike force. It involves creating a distance between the jamming platform and the target, thereby reducing the risk of detection and allowing the strike force to remain hidden. This type of jamming is effective in disrupting enemy communication systems and confusing their defenses, making it difficult for them to locate and engage the strike force.

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29. What type of noise jammer is tunable over a wide range of frequencies, but transmits a narrow bandwidth signal, concentrating all available power on a specific receiver?

Explanation

A spot noise jammer is tunable over a wide range of frequencies, allowing it to target different types of receivers. However, it transmits a narrow bandwidth signal, which means it concentrates all available power on a specific receiver. This makes it an effective jamming technique as it focuses the jamming signal on a specific target, disrupting its communication while minimizing interference with other nearby devices.

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30. Using a modulated high intensity IR energy to break an IR missile's lock, is an example of

Explanation

Using a modulated high intensity IR energy to break an IR missile's lock refers to active infrared countermeasures. This technique involves emitting a strong and modulated infrared signal to confuse or disrupt the guidance system of an incoming IR missile, thereby countering its effectiveness. It is an active measure taken by the target to defend itself against the missile threat.

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31. What EW component is used to locate intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the threat recognition?

Explanation

Electronic support is the correct answer because it refers to the component used to locate intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for threat recognition. Electronic support involves the use of electronic systems to gather, analyze, and interpret electromagnetic signals in order to identify and locate potential threats. This component plays a crucial role in detecting and monitoring enemy electronic emissions, providing valuable information for electronic warfare operations.

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32. Radar's ability to separate targets into individual returns that are close together is called

Explanation

The question is asking for the term that describes Radar's ability to separate targets into individual returns that are close together. This ability is known as resolution.

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33. Taking direction measurements from more than one source is

Explanation

Triangulation is the process of determining the location of an object by measuring the angles from two or more reference points. By taking direction measurements from multiple sources, triangulation allows for accurate positioning and mapping. This method is commonly used in various fields such as surveying, navigation, and astronomy. Interferometry involves the interference of waves to make precise measurements, while time of arrival and amplitude comparison are not directly related to direction measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is triangulation.

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34. What type of flare does not leave a visual signature such as smoke or flame?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Covert." A covert flare is a type of flare that does not leave a visual signature such as smoke or flame. It is designed to be discreet and not draw attention to its location or purpose. This type of flare is often used in military or tactical operations where stealth is important.

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35. What feature of a MAWS relates to timeliness?

Explanation

The feature of a MAWS that relates to timeliness is rapid identification of infrared missile threats. This means that the MAWS is able to quickly and efficiently detect and identify potential missile threats, allowing for prompt response and action to be taken to mitigate the threat. This feature is crucial in ensuring the safety and security of an area or a vehicle equipped with the MAWS system.

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36. When white light is compared to laser light

Explanation

The answer is correct because white light is composed of a range of wavelengths, resulting in a wider bandwidth. In contrast, laser light consists of a single wavelength or a very narrow range of wavelengths, resulting in a narrower bandwidth.

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37. What type of electromagnetic jamming focuses all of the jamming energy in one particular area?

Explanation

Directional electromagnetic jamming refers to the type of jamming that concentrates all of the jamming energy in a specific area. Unlike other types of jamming, which may spread the jamming energy over a wider range, directional jamming is targeted and focused, allowing for more precise disruption of communication signals in a specific location. This type of jamming is often used in military operations to interfere with enemy communication systems without affecting friendly forces.

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38. What major subdivision of SIGINT collects and processes data on radar?

Explanation

ELINT, or Electronic Intelligence, is the major subdivision of SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) that specializes in collecting and processing data on radar. ELINT focuses on intercepting and analyzing electronic signals emitted by radar systems, such as their frequency, waveform, and other characteristics. This information is crucial for understanding enemy radar capabilities, locating radar installations, and developing countermeasures to radar systems. Therefore, ELINT is the correct answer for the question.

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39. The angle of incidence required to get a reflection back to the source is

Explanation

When light waves strike a surface, they can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident light ray and the normal to the surface. The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected light ray and the normal to the surface. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. In this case, if the angle of incidence is 90°, it means that the incident light ray is perpendicular to the surface. This angle will result in a reflection that is directed back to the source, as the reflected ray will also be perpendicular to the surface.

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40. What Air Force aircraft is used extensively to collect ELINT and COMINT data?

Explanation

The RC-135V/W is extensively used by the Air Force to collect ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) and COMINT (Communications Intelligence) data. This aircraft is specifically designed for reconnaissance missions and is equipped with advanced sensors and communication systems to intercept and analyze electronic and communication signals. It is capable of gathering information from various sources, including radar systems, radio transmissions, and other electronic emissions, making it an essential asset for intelligence gathering and surveillance operations.

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41. What type of noise jammer uses continuous and simultaneous jamming of all frequencies within a wide range of frequencies?

Explanation

A barrage noise jammer is a type of jammer that uses continuous and simultaneous jamming of all frequencies within a wide range. It is designed to create a wall of noise that disrupts all signals within the targeted frequency range, making it difficult for any legitimate communication to take place. This type of jammer is effective against a wide range of devices and can be used in various scenarios where a broad spectrum of frequencies needs to be jammed simultaneously.

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42. What region of the frequency spectrum is Air Force aircraft laser sensors used?

Explanation

Air Force aircraft laser sensors are used in the infrared region of the frequency spectrum. Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light and is able to detect heat signatures emitted by objects. This makes it useful for military applications such as detecting enemy aircraft or missiles. Infrared sensors are also used for night vision technology, allowing pilots to see in low light or dark conditions.

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43. Degrading or interfering with the enemys C2 capabilities is best described by?

Explanation

Disruption is the best way to describe degrading or interfering with the enemy's C2 (Command and Control) capabilities. Disruption refers to the act of causing disturbance or interruption in the enemy's C2 systems, making it difficult for them to effectively communicate, coordinate, and control their forces. This can be achieved through various means such as jamming communication signals, hacking into their systems, or conducting cyber attacks. By disrupting the enemy's C2 capabilities, their ability to effectively plan and execute military operations is significantly hindered, giving an advantage to the opposing force.

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44. What is the correct order in which the four radars in an air defense network are used?

Explanation

The correct order in which the four radars in an air defense network are used is as follows: early warning, height finder, acquisition, and terminal defense. This order makes sense as the early warning radar is responsible for detecting incoming threats at long ranges, the height finder radar determines the altitude of the detected targets, the acquisition radar tracks and identifies the targets, and finally, the terminal defense radar engages and neutralizes the threats.

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45. Additions to the C2 network extend the range of the air defense system?

Explanation

Long-range interceptors and AWACS are the correct additions to the C2 network to extend the range of the air defense system. Long-range interceptors are capable of engaging targets at a greater distance, while AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) provides airborne surveillance and command and control capabilities, enhancing the overall effectiveness and coverage of the air defense system. The combination of these two additions allows for a wider range of detection, tracking, and interception capabilities, making it the most suitable choice for extending the range of the air defense system.

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46. What component of the RWR identifies radar signals?

Explanation

The signal processor is the component of the RWR that identifies radar signals. It processes the received signals from the antenna and analyzes them to determine if they are radar signals. The signal processor is responsible for detecting, classifying, and tracking radar signals, allowing the RWR to provide accurate information about potential threats.

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47. What is the emissivity factor of a theoretical black body?

Explanation

The emissivity factor of a theoretical black body is 1.0. A black body is an idealized object that absorbs and emits all radiation that falls onto it. It is a perfect emitter and absorber of radiation at all wavelengths. The emissivity factor is a measure of how efficiently an object emits radiation compared to a black body. A value of 1.0 means that the object emits radiation just as efficiently as a black body, making it a perfect emitter.

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48. When a photon causes the release of another photon, it is called

Explanation

When a photon stimulates the release of another photon, it is known as stimulated emission. This process occurs when an excited atom or molecule is hit by a photon of the same energy, causing it to release a second photon with the same energy, phase, and direction. This is a fundamental principle in the operation of lasers, where stimulated emission is used to amplify light and generate a coherent beam.

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49. A nonlinear device is any electronic device where the

Explanation

A nonlinear device is characterized by the fact that the current through the device is not directly proportional to the applied voltage. In other words, as the voltage changes, the current does not change in a linear manner. This means that the impedance of the device does not remain constant as the voltage changes. Nonlinear devices often exhibit behaviors such as saturation, where the current reaches a maximum value even if the voltage continues to increase, or hysteresis, where the current depends not only on the current voltage but also on its history.

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50. What range of coverage does the RWR's antennas provide?

Explanation

The RWR's antennas provide a range of coverage of 360°. This means that the antennas can detect signals from all directions around the RWR system. It provides a complete view of the electromagnetic environment, allowing the system to detect and identify any potential threats or radar signals coming from any direction.

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51. Which principle is not an EW tenet?

Explanation

The principle that is not an EW tenet is "Command." The other three principles, Exploit, Control, and Enhance, are all part of the EW (Electronic Warfare) tenets. Command, on the other hand, is not specifically related to EW and does not fall under the same category.

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52. What type of radar in an air defense network obtains accurate data on the number of attacking aircraft and their track?

Explanation

Acquisition radar in an air defense network is responsible for obtaining accurate data on the number of attacking aircraft and their track. It is designed to detect and track incoming targets, providing crucial information for the defense system to effectively respond and neutralize the threat. This radar plays a vital role in identifying and acquiring the necessary data to assess the situation and make informed decisions in order to protect the airspace.

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53. What mode of operation must the ALR–20 panoramic receiver be in to use the audio facility?

Explanation

The ALR-20 panoramic receiver must be in manual mode to use the audio facility. This means that the user has to manually control and adjust the settings of the receiver to enable the audio feature. In manual mode, the user has full control over the receiver's functions and can choose to activate or deactivate the audio facility as required.

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54. The laser danger zone for direct beam viewing extends over an extremely

Explanation

The correct answer is "long distance because the beam spreads so little." This means that the laser danger zone extends over a long distance because the laser beam does not spread much. In other words, the laser beam remains concentrated and focused over a long distance, which increases the potential danger for direct beam viewing.

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55. The most effective C2 addition to the basic air defense system is

Explanation

AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) aircraft serve as a crucial addition to the basic air defense system. These aircraft provide early warning and surveillance capabilities, allowing for the detection and tracking of potential threats from a distance. With their advanced radar systems and communication capabilities, AWACS aircraft can effectively coordinate and direct air defense operations, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the system. This makes them the most effective C2 (command and control) addition to the basic air defense system.

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56. What IR seeker generates a frequency-modulated signal directly proportional to the amount of target displacement from the center of the seeker scan?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Conical." A conical IR seeker generates a frequency-modulated signal directly proportional to the amount of target displacement from the center of the seeker scan. This means that as the target moves away from the center, the frequency of the signal increases, providing information about the target's position relative to the seeker. This type of seeker is effective for tracking moving targets and maintaining lock-on.

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57. The relationship between a laser's coherency and bandwidth is

Explanation

The relationship between a laser's coherency and bandwidth is inversely proportional. This means that as the coherency of a laser increases, its bandwidth decreases, and vice versa. Coherency refers to the extent to which the light waves emitted by a laser are in phase with each other. A laser with high coherency emits light waves that are very closely aligned, resulting in a narrow bandwidth. On the other hand, a laser with low coherency emits light waves that are less aligned, leading to a wider bandwidth.

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58. An important part of the C2 system is the

Explanation

The correct answer is computer. In a C2 system (Command and Control system), the computer plays a crucial role in processing and analyzing data to provide real-time information and facilitate decision-making. It helps in coordinating and controlling military operations by integrating various sensors, communication systems, and databases. The computer enables the C2 system to gather, process, and disseminate information efficiently, ensuring effective command and control of military forces.

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59. A panoramic receiver displays detected emitters by

Explanation

A panoramic receiver is a device used to detect and display emitters, which are sources of electromagnetic signals. The receiver not only detects the frequency of the emitters but also measures their amplitude. This information is then displayed using threat symbols, which provide a visual representation of the detected emitters. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency and amplitude, as a panoramic receiver displays both of these characteristics of the detected emitters.

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60. The main consideration for effective electronic jamming is

Explanation

Effective electronic jamming requires sufficient power to overpower or disrupt the signals being targeted. Without enough power, the jamming signals may not be strong enough to interfere with or block the desired signals effectively. Therefore, having sufficient power is crucial for successful electronic jamming operations.

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61. Chaff dispensing tactic confuses radar operators with multiple false targets?

Explanation

Area saturation is the correct answer because chaff dispensing tactic involves releasing a large number of small, lightweight metallic strips called chaff to create multiple false targets on radar screens. This overwhelms and confuses radar operators, making it difficult for them to differentiate between real targets and the chaff. By saturating the area with false targets, the tactic effectively masks the true location and identity of the actual target, providing a self-protection mechanism for the aircraft or object deploying the chaff.

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62. What is one disadvantage of active MAWS?

Explanation

Active MAWS (Missile Approach Warning System) uses its own radar to detect and track incoming missiles or threats. However, this active radar emission can be detected by passive detection systems, which means that the enemy can track the location of the active MAWS-equipped aircraft. This disadvantage compromises the element of surprise and can potentially put the aircraft at a higher risk of being targeted or attacked.

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63. Traditional  noise jamming techniques designed to block communications channels or radarscope presentations are applications of?

Explanation

Traditional noise jamming techniques are designed to block communications channels or radarscope presentations, which ultimately denies or prevents the intended recipient from receiving or interpreting the information correctly. This denial of the communication or radar signal is the primary purpose of noise jamming, making it the correct answer.

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64. What missile uses an electro-optical or infrared imaging system to perform EA?

Explanation

The AGM-65 missile uses an electro-optical or infrared imaging system to perform EA.

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65. What radar display indicator displays range or velocity?

Explanation

A scope is a radar display indicator that displays range or velocity. It provides information about the distance or speed of a target being tracked by the radar system. The term "scope" is commonly used in radar terminology to refer to the display screen that shows the radar data. Therefore, the correct answer is A scope.

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66. What affect does rise time have on a flare decoying an infrared missile?

Explanation

The rise time refers to the time it takes for the flare to reach its peak intensity after being deployed. The given answer suggests that when the flare is deployed at a high altitude, it takes much longer for the flare to reach its peak intensity. Additionally, it states that the flare burns longer at high altitude, indicating that it remains active for a longer duration. This information implies that the rise time has a significant effect on the flare's performance in decoying an infrared missile.

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67. In what altitude range are contrails most likely to form?

Explanation

Contrails, or condensation trails, are formed when hot exhaust gases from aircraft engines mix with the cold air in the atmosphere. The temperature and humidity conditions at different altitudes determine the formation of contrails. In the altitude range of 15,000 to 35,000 ft, the atmospheric conditions are most conducive to contrail formation. At this altitude, the temperature is low enough for the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condense into visible ice crystals, creating contrails.

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68. What three phases do SAM systems function to target attacking aircraft?

Explanation

SAM systems function in three phases to target attacking aircraft: acquisition, target tracking, and command guidance. In the acquisition phase, the system detects and identifies the presence of an incoming aircraft. Then, in the target tracking phase, the system tracks the movement of the aircraft to maintain a continuous lock-on. Finally, in the command guidance phase, the system guides the missile or weapon system to intercept and engage the target accurately.

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69. The geolocation technique that involves using the phase difference to compute AOA is called

Explanation

Interferometry is a geolocation technique that involves using the phase difference to compute the Angle of Arrival (AOA). In interferometry, multiple antennas receive the same signal and the phase difference between the signals is measured. This phase difference is then used to calculate the AOA of the signal source. Triangulation, on the other hand, involves using the angles between multiple known reference points to determine the location of the signal source. Time of arrival and time difference of arrival are techniques that involve measuring the time it takes for a signal to reach multiple receivers to determine the source's location.

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70.  The piece of equipment considered the heart of the electronic support system is

Explanation

The panoramic receiver is considered the heart of the electronic support system because it is responsible for detecting and analyzing a wide range of frequencies simultaneously. It allows for the monitoring and interception of various signals, making it an essential component in electronic warfare and intelligence gathering operations. The pulse analyzer, cathode-ray tube, and spectrum analyzer are all important tools in electronic support systems, but they do not have the same level of capability and versatility as the panoramic receiver.

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71.  What type of information necessary for ground-controlled intercept is provided by HF radar?

Explanation

HF radar provides information about the altitude of the target for ground-controlled intercept. This means that it can determine the height or elevation of the target, which is crucial for intercepting and engaging the target effectively. The other options mentioned, such as range, azimuth, and velocity, are also important for intercept, but in this case, the correct answer specifically focuses on altitude.

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72. What type of fuse is vulnerable to EW?

Explanation

The question is asking which type of fuse is vulnerable to EW (electronic warfare). However, the options provided (MT, VT, AAA) do not seem to be related to fuses or electronic warfare. Only the option "PRX" can be interpreted as a type of fuse, and it is the correct answer because it is vulnerable to electronic warfare.

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73. What chaff characteristic is a measure of the net reradiated energy from a target to the illuminating radar?

Explanation

Radar cross section is a measure of the amount of electromagnetic energy that a target reflects back to the radar system. It represents the net reradiated energy from the target to the illuminating radar. Boom rate refers to the rate at which chaff is dispensed, polarization refers to the orientation of the electromagnetic waves, and frequency coverage refers to the range of frequencies that a radar system can detect. None of these characteristics directly measure the net reradiated energy from a target to the illuminating radar.

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74. What three properties are common to both visible and IR light?

Explanation

Visible light and infrared (IR) light both share the properties of absorption, reflection, and refraction. Absorption refers to the process in which light is absorbed by a material, causing its energy to be converted into another form, such as heat. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface without being absorbed or transmitted. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, such as when light passes from air to water. These properties are common to both visible and IR light, allowing them to interact with matter in similar ways.

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75. When performing heterodyning of two different RF signals, the output will be the

Explanation

When performing heterodyning of two different RF signals, the output will consist of the sum and difference of the two frequencies, as well as the two original frequencies. Heterodyning involves mixing two signals together to produce new frequencies, which are the sum and difference of the original frequencies. Therefore, the correct answer is that the output will contain the sum, difference, and two original frequencies.

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76. What chaff characteristic is the length of time that chaff is at an effective altitude?

Explanation

Persistence refers to the length of time that chaff remains at an effective altitude. Chaff is a radar countermeasure that consists of small metallic or plastic strips released into the air to confuse radar systems. These strips reflect radar signals and create false targets, making it difficult for the radar to accurately track the actual target. The longer chaff remains at an effective altitude, the more effective it is in diverting radar attention away from the actual target. Therefore, persistence is the chaff characteristic that determines how long it can effectively deceive radar systems.

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77. What is the primary limitation of a towed decoy system?

Explanation

The primary limitation of a towed decoy system is achieving 360° coverage. A towed decoy is a device that is deployed behind an aircraft to lure and distract incoming missiles. However, the decoy can only provide protection in the direction it is deployed, leaving the aircraft vulnerable from other angles. Therefore, achieving full 360° coverage is a challenge for a towed decoy system.

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78. How many components make up the PAS?

Explanation

The correct answer is 3. The question is asking about the number of components that make up the PAS. Without any further context, it can be assumed that PAS refers to a specific system or organization. The answer 3 suggests that there are three main components that form the PAS. However, without additional information, it is difficult to provide a more specific explanation.

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79. Monochromatic, in relationship to laser theory, means single

Explanation

In laser theory, the term "monochromatic" refers to a single frequency of light emitted by the laser. This means that all the photons produced by the laser have the same wavelength or color. The term "single emitter" refers to a laser system where the light is emitted from a single source or device. However, in this context, the correct answer is "frequency" as it accurately describes the characteristic of monochromatic light in laser theory.

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80. What unit of a pulse radar provides the PRF of the radar?

Explanation

The master timer is responsible for providing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in a pulse radar system. The PRF determines the rate at which pulses are transmitted and is crucial for accurate target detection and measurement. The master timer controls the timing of the radar system, ensuring that pulses are transmitted at the desired frequency. The modulator is responsible for shaping the pulses, the power amplifier amplifies the pulses, and the waveform generator generates the waveform of the pulses. However, none of these components directly provide the PRF.

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81. What type of deception jamming makes use of the Doppler shift?

Explanation

Velocity deception jamming makes use of the Doppler shift. Doppler shift is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave as observed by an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. In velocity deception jamming, the jammer emits signals with varying Doppler shifts, creating false targets or altering the velocity of real targets. This can confuse radar systems, making it difficult for them to accurately determine the velocity of the targets and potentially leading to incorrect tracking or targeting decisions.

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82. What ES equipment provides antenna scan-type, scan rate, pulse recurrence frequency, pulse width, and pulse shape?

Explanation

A pulse analyzer is the correct answer because it is a specialized piece of equipment used to analyze and measure the characteristics of pulses, such as antenna scan-type, scan rate, pulse recurrence frequency, pulse width, and pulse shape. Oscilloscopes are used to measure and display voltage waveforms, spectrum analyzers are used to analyze the frequency components of a signal, and panoramic receivers are used for wideband signal reception. Therefore, pulse analyzers are specifically designed for the task described in the question.

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83. Against what type of radar is self-protection chaff tactics the least effective?

Explanation

Self-protection chaff tactics are least effective against Doppler radar. Doppler radar uses the Doppler effect to measure the velocity of objects, including chaff particles. This means that Doppler radar can distinguish between the chaff particles and the actual target, making it difficult for the chaff to effectively deceive the radar. In contrast, monopulse, conical scan, and track-while-scan radars are less effective at distinguishing between chaff and the actual target, making chaff tactics more effective against them.

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84. Which is not the primary mission of a decoy?

Explanation

The primary mission of a decoy is to deceive and distract the enemy by imitating a real target, thereby saturating the enemy integrated air defense system, exposing enemy forces prematurely, and defeating tracking by enemy radar. Counter infrared threats, on the other hand, involve measures to protect against heat-seeking missiles or infrared-guided weapons, which is not the primary purpose of a decoy.

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85. The advantage of a passive MAWS is

Explanation

Passive MAWS (Missile Approach Warning System) is advantageous because it is specifically designed to detect and track missiles by tuning into the infrared (IR) signature of the missile's exhaust plume. This allows the system to identify and warn the aircraft of an incoming missile threat, providing crucial time for evasive maneuvers. Unlike other options mentioned, such as the use of Pulse Doppler radar or continuous radiation, the ability to detect the IR signature of the missile's exhaust plume is the most relevant and effective method for a passive MAWS.

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86. What feature of a panoramic receiver prevents display of on-board transmitters' output?

Explanation

The feature of receiver blanking prevents the display of on-board transmitters' output. Receiver blanking refers to the ability of the receiver to temporarily disable or "blank" the display of certain signals, in this case, the output of on-board transmitters. This feature is useful in order to avoid interference or clutter on the display, allowing the receiver to focus on receiving and displaying other important signals.

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87. All of the following are techniques used by geolocation receivers except

Explanation

Geolocation receivers use various techniques to determine the location of a signal source. Triangulation involves measuring the angles between multiple receivers to pinpoint the source's location. Interferometry uses the interference patterns of signals received at different locations to locate the source. Time of arrival measures the difference in arrival times of signals at different receivers to calculate the source's position. However, amplitude comparison is not a technique used by geolocation receivers. Amplitude refers to the strength or intensity of a signal, and comparing amplitudes does not provide information about the source's location.

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88. What unit of a pulse radar provides very short pulse of DC voltage?

Explanation

A modulator is the unit of a pulse radar that provides a very short pulse of DC voltage. The modulator is responsible for generating the high voltage pulses that are transmitted by the radar antenna. It takes a low power continuous wave signal and converts it into a high power pulsed signal by modulating the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the signal. This allows the radar to transmit short pulses of energy that can be used to detect and locate objects. The other options listed, such as the duplexer, power amplifier, and waveform generator, are not directly involved in generating the short pulses of DC voltage.

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89. What type of decoy is designed to provide protection for the aircraft for a specific period?

Explanation

Expendable active decoys are designed to provide protection for the aircraft for a specific period by emitting signals or taking actions to confuse or divert incoming threats. These decoys are typically deployed and then discarded after a certain amount of time, making them expendable. They actively engage with the enemy, creating a diversion and drawing their attention away from the actual aircraft. This type of decoy is effective in protecting the aircraft by providing a temporary shield and reducing the likelihood of it being targeted by enemy weapons.

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90. The RWR does not provide signal

Explanation

The RWR, or Radar Warning Receiver, is a device used to detect and identify radar signals. It is designed to warn the user of the presence of radar systems. However, the RWR does not provide information about the relative location of the radar source. It also does not identify the specific radar system or its frequency. Instead, the RWR primarily focuses on detecting the amplitude or strength of the radar signals.

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91. Which is not an advantage of noise modulation?

Explanation

Noise modulation refers to the process of adding noise to a signal. The advantages of noise modulation include having no particular recurring frequency, being random in instantaneous frequency, and being distributed uniformly in frequency. However, uniformity in amplitude is not considered an advantage of noise modulation. This is because noise modulation typically involves varying the amplitude of the noise signal, which can introduce unwanted fluctuations and distortions in the overall signal.

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92. What component of the RWR processes the RF into a video signal?

Explanation

The receiver/amplifier is the component of the RWR (Radar Warning Receiver) that processes the RF (Radio Frequency) into a video signal. This component is responsible for receiving and amplifying the incoming RF signals from the antenna, and then converting them into a video signal that can be displayed on a screen or control indicator. The receiver/amplifier plays a crucial role in the RWR system by converting the RF signals into a format that can be easily interpreted and analyzed by the user.

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93. The process where the carrier wave's frequency and phase vary according with the amplitude and frequency variations of a signal wave is called

Explanation

Frequency modulation is the process where the carrier wave's frequency and phase vary according to the amplitude and frequency variations of a signal wave. In frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier wave is changed in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating signal. This results in a signal that carries information in the frequency variations, allowing for the transmission of audio signals and other types of data.

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94. What type of IR seeker chops the IR energy at a rate determined by the reticle pattern?

Explanation

A spin IR seeker is a type of IR seeker that chops or modulates the incoming infrared energy at a rate determined by the reticle pattern. This modulation allows the seeker to distinguish between the target and background infrared radiation, improving its ability to track and lock onto the target accurately. The spinning motion of the seeker helps to create this modulation effect, making the spin IR seeker an effective choice for certain applications.

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95. What type of deception jamming is related to time?

Explanation

Deception jamming related to time is known as range deception jamming. This type of jamming involves manipulating the timing of radar signals to create false range measurements, leading to the misinterpretation of the target's distance. By altering the timing of the radar return signals, the jammer can deceive the radar system into thinking that the target is either closer or farther away than its actual position. This can confuse the radar operator and disrupt the accuracy of target tracking and engagement.

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96. What laser device aids visual acquisition of a target to be attacked?

Explanation

A spot tracker is a laser device that aids in visually acquiring a target to be attacked. It helps in accurately locating and tracking the target, allowing for precise targeting and effective engagement. This device is commonly used in military operations and guided weapon systems to enhance the accuracy and success of attacks on specific targets.

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97. What determines the amount of deviation from the carrier wave?

Explanation

The amount of deviation from the carrier wave is determined by the amplitude of the modulating signal. The modulating signal is used to vary the amplitude of the carrier wave, which in turn causes the deviation. As the amplitude of the modulating signal increases, the deviation from the carrier wave also increases. Therefore, the amplitude of the modulating signal directly affects the amount of deviation from the carrier wave.

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98. What type of radar is self-protection chaff tactic used that causes errors in the azimuth, elevation, and range tracking circuits?

Explanation

The correct answer is Monopulse. Monopulse radar is a type of radar that uses multiple beams to track a target. The self-protection chaff tactic, which involves releasing small strips of metal into the air to confuse radar systems, can cause errors in the azimuth, elevation, and range tracking circuits of a monopulse radar. This is because the chaff reflects the radar signal and creates multiple false targets, making it difficult for the radar to accurately track the real target.

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99. What type of modulation creates upper and lower sidebands?

Explanation

Amplitude modulation creates upper and lower sidebands. In this type of modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the modulating signal. This causes the creation of two sidebands, one above and one below the carrier frequency. The sidebands carry the information from the modulating signal. Frequency modulation, on the other hand, creates a frequency deviation but does not generate sidebands. Deviation and composite are not types of modulation.

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100. The steps taken to locate the intentional and unintentional emissions from radar equipment is best described as

Explanation

The term "electronic management" refers to the process of controlling and overseeing electronic systems and equipment. In the context of the question, the steps taken to locate intentional and unintentional emissions from radar equipment involve managing and coordinating various electronic systems and tools to identify and analyze these emissions. This includes using specialized equipment, techniques, and procedures to detect, track, and analyze radar signals. Therefore, "electronic management" is the most appropriate description for these steps.

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Using precition guided munitions, cruise missiles, or gunships is an...
An effective IRCM tactic by using the natural environment is
 The processes and actions necessary to protect your equipment...
What are EW reconnaissance crews called?
What component of EW involves the use of the electromagnetic, directed...
Normal suppresion of enemy air defence targets include radars for?
What aircraft is used to jam communications of the enemy's C2 network?
Which military frequency band designator denotes a frequency range...
What important tactic must be performed with flare deployment to...
What IRCM tactic is used to reduce an engine IR signature?
 The steps taken to limit the incidental or accidental emissions...
) What ELINT equipment is used to determine location of emitters?
What type of radar in an air defense network is a lethal threat...
What component of the RWR selects the mode of operation?
What geolocation technique involves solving for the distance that the...
What advantage does deception jammer have over noise jammer?
What type deception jamming technique is used at low altitude against...
Electronic support data is not used to produce?
What support system provides detection and control of low-level...
The point where a radar's return is stronger than the jamming signal...
What area of the aircraft will have least IR signature?
What division of EW involves weapons that use electromagnetic or...
Any disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, degrades, or limits the...
What technology does the PAS employ to detect contrail from the #3...
Deliberate radiation , alteration, suppression, absorption, denial,...
What is the most effective means of denying the enemy the use of the...
What SAM system in north vietnam was devestating to our strike forces?
What type of jamming masks the presence and/or location of the strike...
What type of noise jammer is tunable over a wide range of frequencies,...
Using a modulated high intensity IR energy to break an IR missile's...
What EW component is used to locate intentional and unintentional...
Radar's ability to separate targets into individual returns that are...
Taking direction measurements from more than one source is
What type of flare does not leave a visual signature such as smoke or...
What feature of a MAWS relates to timeliness?
When white light is compared to laser light
What type of electromagnetic jamming focuses all of the jamming energy...
What major subdivision of SIGINT collects and processes data on radar?
The angle of incidence required to get a reflection back to the source...
What Air Force aircraft is used extensively to collect ELINT and...
What type of noise jammer uses continuous and simultaneous jamming of...
What region of the frequency spectrum is Air Force aircraft laser...
Degrading or interfering with the enemys C2 capabilities is best...
What is the correct order in which the four radars in an air defense...
Additions to the C2 network extend the range of the air defense...
What component of the RWR identifies radar signals?
What is the emissivity factor of a theoretical black body?
When a photon causes the release of another photon, it is called
A nonlinear device is any electronic device where the
What range of coverage does the RWR's antennas provide?
Which principle is not an EW tenet?
What type of radar in an air defense network obtains accurate data on...
What mode of operation must the ALR–20 panoramic receiver be in...
The laser danger zone for direct beam viewing extends over an...
The most effective C2 addition to the basic air defense system is
What IR seeker generates a frequency-modulated signal directly...
The relationship between a laser's coherency and bandwidth is
An important part of the C2 system is the
A panoramic receiver displays detected emitters by
The main consideration for effective electronic jamming is
Chaff dispensing tactic confuses radar operators with multiple false...
What is one disadvantage of active MAWS?
Traditional  noise jamming techniques designed to block...
What missile uses an electro-optical or infrared imaging system to...
What radar display indicator displays range or velocity?
What affect does rise time have on a flare decoying an infrared...
In what altitude range are contrails most likely to form?
What three phases do SAM systems function to target attacking...
The geolocation technique that involves using the phase difference to...
 The piece of equipment considered the heart of the electronic...
 What type of information necessary for ground-controlled...
What type of fuse is vulnerable to EW?
What chaff characteristic is a measure of the net reradiated energy...
What three properties are common to both visible and IR light?
When performing heterodyning of two different RF signals, the output...
What chaff characteristic is the length of time that chaff is at an...
What is the primary limitation of a towed decoy system?
How many components make up the PAS?
Monochromatic, in relationship to laser theory, means single
What unit of a pulse radar provides the PRF of the radar?
What type of deception jamming makes use of the Doppler shift?
What ES equipment provides antenna scan-type, scan rate, pulse...
Against what type of radar is self-protection chaff tactics the least...
Which is not the primary mission of a decoy?
The advantage of a passive MAWS is
What feature of a panoramic receiver prevents display of on-board...
All of the following are techniques used by geolocation receivers...
What unit of a pulse radar provides very short pulse of DC voltage?
What type of decoy is designed to provide protection for the aircraft...
The RWR does not provide signal
Which is not an advantage of noise modulation?
What component of the RWR processes the RF into a video signal?
The process where the carrier wave's frequency and phase vary...
What type of IR seeker chops the IR energy at a rate determined by the...
What type of deception jamming is related to time?
What laser device aids visual acquisition of a target to be attacked?
What determines the amount of deviation from the carrier wave?
What type of radar is self-protection chaff tactic used that causes...
What type of modulation creates upper and lower sidebands?
The steps taken to locate the intentional and unintentional emissions...
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