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Advanced Cardiovascular Pathology and Clinical Implications Quiz

Advanced Cardiovascular Pathology And Clinical Implications Quiz

Explore the complexities of cardiovascular system pathology through this focused assessment. Understand key pathological conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, enhancing your diagnostic and clinical skills. Ideal for...

Questions: 29 | Attempts: 10 | Last updated: Aug 4, 2025

Sample Question 1
A young man with chronic hepatitis B and a history of intravenous drug abuse presents with fever, weight loss, bloody stools, right flank pain, tender hepatomegaly, and positive stool guaiac. A renal angiogram shows thrombosis of the right renal artery and focal, wedge-shaped areas of hypovascularity in the renal cortex. What is the most likely diagnosis?

IgA nephropathy

Aortic dissection

Acute pyelonephritis

*Patient has polyarteritis nodosa, a vasculitis of MEDIUM-sized muscular arteries (except pulmonary arteries<TESTABLE) that causes vessel thrombosis and focal aneurysmal dilation from weakening of the vessel.*Hepatitis B surface antigenemia occurs in 30% of cases, Surface antigen-antibody immunocomplexes form deposits in the vessel walls and activate the complement system, which attracts neutrophils and causes vessel damage(Type 3 hypersensitivity>FIBRINOID NECROSIS with lesions in different stages in development). Target organs in polyarteritis nodosa include the renal arteries (thrombosis, focal aneurysmal dilation) and mesenteric arteries (thrombosis and aneurysms). The renal angiogram frequently shows thrombosis and cortical infarctions (areas of hypovascularity).Renal infarction is responsible for the flank pain and hematuria.Corticosteroids,Cyclophosphamide are the treatment of choice.

Sample Question 2
A pregnant woman at 31 weeks' gestation presents with a systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border and splitting S2, both of which are more pronounced with inspiration. What is the most likely cause of this finding?

*This murmur is Normal Physiologic Response in this pregnant patient.*This is likely a tricuspird regurgitation.

The presence of this murmur suggests mitral valve prolapse, a common condition in pregnant women.

The murmur is likely due to ventricular septal defect, which can lead to complications during pregnancy.

This murmur indicates aortic stenosis, a serious condition that requires immediate intervention.

Sample Question 3
Patient with family history of Chronic renal failure in multiple relatives dies soon after developing severe headache at the back of the head. What is the most likely cause of death?

Chronic renal failure due to genetic predisposition

*Ruptured berry aneurysm is common cause of death in patients with ADPKD-because HYPERTENSION is common in these patients and it is Single most important risk factor for developing/rupture of berry aneurysms-which love to appear at junction of the communicating branches with the main cerebral artery (absent smooth muscle and internal elastic lamina in the media)*Kidney biopsy in such patients could show complete effacement of the normal kidney architecture and multiple cysts.

Stroke due to hypertension leading to cerebral hemorrhage

Brain tumor causing pressure and headache