AP World History Exam Prep MCQ Test
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What brought wealth to the Kushan kingdom?
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Gold coins
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Cotton cloth
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Gold trade from Africa
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Trade along the Silk Road
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About This Quiz
Prepare for the AP World History exam with this focused multiple-choice question test, covering topics like the Kushan kingdom, Buddhism, and architectural styles in ancient India.
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- 2.
Who was the greatest of the Kushan leaders?
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Cola
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Periplus
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Kanishka
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Mahayana
Correct Answer
A. KanishkaExplanation
Kanishka is considered the greatest of the Kushan leaders because of his significant contributions to the empire. He expanded the Kushan territory, established trade routes, and promoted cultural exchange. Kanishka's reign was marked by religious tolerance and support for Buddhism, which led to the development of Gandhara art. He also convened the Fourth Buddhist Council, which helped in the preservation and spread of Buddhist teachings. Kanishka's achievements and impact on the Kushan Empire make him the most notable and influential leader among the Kushan rulers.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Those who emphasized the original teachings of Siddharthat Guatama established which school of Buddhism?
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Mahayana
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Vedic
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Theravada
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. TheravadaExplanation
Theravada is the correct answer because this school of Buddhism emphasizes the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. It is considered to be the oldest and most conservative branch of Buddhism, focusing on the individual's path to enlightenment through meditation and strict adherence to the teachings of the Buddha. Mahayana, on the other hand, places more emphasis on compassion and the belief in bodhisattvas, while Vedic is related to the ancient scriptures of Hinduism.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Mahayana Buddhism:
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Believed nirvana could be achieved only through attention to behavior
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Believed nirvana could be achieved through devotion
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Attempted to provide hope to the masses
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Both B and C
Correct Answer
A. Both B and CExplanation
The correct answer is "both B and C". Mahayana Buddhism believed that nirvana could be achieved through devotion, as well as through attention to behavior. Additionally, Mahayana Buddhism attempted to provide hope to the masses. This means that both the beliefs in achieving nirvana and providing hope to the masses are true for Mahayana Buddhism.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What allowed all classes of Indians to have the possibility of improving one's karma through ritual?
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Brahmin
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Bodhisattva
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Bhakti
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Hinayana
Correct Answer
A. BhaktiExplanation
Bhakti, a concept in Hinduism, allowed all classes of Indians to have the possibility of improving one's karma through ritual. Bhakti is the practice of devotion and worship towards a personal deity, which can be performed by anyone regardless of their social class. This devotion and worship are believed to help individuals connect with the divine and ultimately improve their karma, leading to spiritual growth and liberation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
______ were aristocratic Hindu clans who fought hard to resist Islamic incursions into India.
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Mahmud
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Rajputs
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Bodhisattvas
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Timurs
Correct Answer
A. RajputsExplanation
Rajputs were aristocratic Hindu clans who fought hard to resist Islamic incursions into India. They were known for their bravery, honor, and military skills, and played a significant role in defending their land against foreign invaders. Rajputs formed powerful alliances and established their own kingdoms, fiercely protecting their territories from outside forces. Their resistance against Islamic incursions highlights their determination to preserve their culture, traditions, and religion in the face of external threats.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the best example of the architectural style that used massive stupas surmounted by a spire?
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Ankor Wat
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Shwedagon Pagoda
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Borobudur
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Mout Meru
Correct Answer
A. Shwedagon PagodaExplanation
The Shwedagon Pagoda is the best example of the architectural style that used massive stupas surmounted by a spire. The Shwedagon Pagoda, located in Yangon, Myanmar, is a prominent Buddhist temple that features a towering stupa adorned with thousands of precious stones and topped with a diamond-encrusted spire. This architectural style, commonly found in Southeast Asia, symbolizes the connection between earth and heaven and represents the spiritual journey towards enlightenment.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is a kampong?
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A southeast Asian village
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A shadow play used for entertainment
Correct Answer
A. A southeast Asian villageExplanation
A kampong refers to a traditional southeast Asian village. These villages are typically found in countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. Kampongs are characterized by their close-knit communities, simple housing structures, and agricultural activities. They often have a strong sense of community and are known for their traditional customs and ways of life.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What led to the downfall of the Srvijaya kingdom?
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A devastating defeat by Cola
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Shifting of the trade routes to the east
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Both A and B
Correct Answer
A. Both A and BExplanation
The downfall of the Srvijaya kingdom was caused by both a devastating defeat by Cola and the shifting of the trade routes to the east. The defeat by Cola weakened the kingdom and left it vulnerable to further attacks. Additionally, the shifting of trade routes to the east meant that the kingdom lost its position as a major trading hub, leading to economic decline and further weakening of the kingdom. These two factors combined ultimately led to the downfall of the Srvijaya kingdom.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Who wrote The Cloud Messenger?
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Kalidasa
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Shakuntala
Correct Answer
A. KalidasaExplanation
The correct answer is Kalidasa because he is a renowned ancient Indian poet and playwright who is widely believed to have written The Cloud Messenger. This epic poem tells the story of a yaksha (a celestial being) who is exiled from his homeland and sends a message to his beloved through a passing cloud. Kalidasa's works are highly regarded for their lyrical beauty, rich imagery, and profound themes, making him one of the most celebrated writers in Indian literature.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What examples of Indian architecture and art are visible in Mamallapuram?
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Cave temples
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Sun temples
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shore temples
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Both A and C
Correct Answer
A. Both A and CExplanation
Mamallapuram, also known as Mahabalipuram, is known for its rich Indian architecture and art. The town is famous for its cave temples, which are carved out of rock and showcase intricate sculptures and carvings. Additionally, the shore temples in Mamallapuram are another example of Indian architecture, with their unique Dravidian style and stunning coastal location. Therefore, both options A and C are correct as they represent different examples of Indian architecture and art visible in Mamallapuram.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Who founded Sikhism?
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Punjab
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Nanak
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Mughal
Correct Answer
A. NanakExplanation
Nanak is the founder of Sikhism. He was born in Punjab, which is a region in India. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century. Nanak was a spiritual leader and philosopher who preached the importance of meditation, equality, and the belief in one God. He laid the foundation of Sikhism by establishing the principles and teachings that are followed by Sikhs today. The Mughals, on the other hand, were a Muslim dynasty that ruled over India during the same time period but had no connection to the founding of Sikhism.Rate this question:
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- 13.
_____ was the Hindu female deity who was the symbol of fertility.
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Purdaj
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Nanak
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Sati
Correct Answer
A. SatiExplanation
Sati was the Hindu female deity who was the symbol of fertility. Sati is a goddess in Hindu mythology associated with marital devotion and fertility. She is often depicted as a beautiful and virtuous woman. Sati is revered as the ideal wife and her worship is believed to bring blessings of fertility and a happy married life.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Who ruled a powerful empire from Samarkand in the mid 1300s?
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Tughluq
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Tamerlane
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Mahmud
Correct Answer
A. TamerlaneExplanation
Tamerlane ruled a powerful empire from Samarkand in the mid 1300s. He was a Turco-Mongol conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Tamerlane's empire stretched from present-day Turkey to India and was known for its military prowess and cultural achievements. He was a skilled strategist and led numerous successful military campaigns, establishing himself as one of the most powerful rulers of his time. Tamerlane's rule brought stability and prosperity to his empire, making him a significant figure in history.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Mahayana followers believed who could help individuals achieve Nirvana?
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Bodhisattva
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Hinayana
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Buddha
Correct Answer
A. BodhisattvaExplanation
Mahayana followers believed that Bodhisattvas could help individuals achieve Nirvana. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have chosen to postpone their own enlightenment in order to help others attain liberation from suffering. They are seen as compassionate and selfless beings who guide and support individuals on their spiritual journey towards Nirvana. This belief in the role of Bodhisattvas distinguishes Mahayana Buddhism from Hinayana Buddhism, which emphasizes individual effort and attaining enlightenment for oneself. While the Buddha is revered in both traditions, Mahayana followers believe that Bodhisattvas play a crucial role in assisting individuals in their quest for Nirvana.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What separates the northern coast of Africa from the rest of the continent?
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The Sahara desert
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Mountains
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Grasslands
Correct Answer
A. The Sahara desertExplanation
The Sahara desert separates the northern coast of Africa from the rest of the continent. The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, spanning across several countries in North Africa. It acts as a physical barrier, with its vast expanse of sand and extreme climate making it difficult for movement and habitation. The desert effectively separates the Mediterranean coast from the more fertile regions of Africa, such as the Sahel and sub-Saharan Africa.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Where do archeologists surmise that agriculture may have first begun in Africa?
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Egypt
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Congo
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Nubia
Correct Answer
A. NubiaExplanation
Nubia is suggested as the possible location where agriculture may have first begun in Africa. This is based on archaeological evidence that shows the presence of early agricultural practices in this region, such as the cultivation of crops like barley and millet. Nubia's favorable climate and access to the Nile River would have provided suitable conditions for early farming activities, making it a plausible candidate for the origins of agriculture in Africa.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What first stimulated Kushite trade activity?
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Ivory
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Iron ore
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Gold
Correct Answer
A. Iron oreExplanation
Iron ore first stimulated Kushite trade activity. Iron ore was a valuable resource that was in high demand during the Kushite civilization. The Kushites were able to mine and trade iron ore, which allowed them to establish trade networks and gain economic prosperity. The availability of iron ore played a significant role in the growth and development of the Kushite civilization.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Axum was founded by:
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Kush
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Egyptians fleeing Alexander
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Colonizers from Saba
Correct Answer
A. Colonizers from SabaExplanation
Axum was founded by colonizers from Saba. Saba was an ancient kingdom located in present-day Yemen. The people from Saba, known as Sabaeans, were skilled in trade and navigation. They established colonies in various regions, including Axum, which is now part of modern-day Ethiopia. The Sabaeans brought their culture, language, and expertise in trade to Axum, contributing to its growth and prosperity. This colonization by the Sabaeans played a significant role in the development of Axum as a powerful trading and political center in the ancient world.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Who first carried goods across the Sahara desert from Carthage to area father south?
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Carthaginians
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Berbers
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Romans
Correct Answer
A. BerbersExplanation
The Berbers were the first to carry goods across the Sahara desert from Carthage to areas further south. The Berbers were a group of indigenous people who inhabited North Africa and had extensive knowledge of the desert terrain. They were skilled traders and navigators, using camel caravans to transport goods such as gold, salt, and slaves across the vast desert. Their expertise in desert travel allowed them to establish trade routes that connected Carthage to the interior regions of Africa, contributing to the economic and cultural exchange in the region.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Who immigrated into East Africa starting around the first millennium B.C.E.?
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Egyptians
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Bantu speaking peoples
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Islamic forces
Correct Answer
A. Bantu speaking peoplesExplanation
Bantu speaking peoples immigrated into East Africa starting around the first millennium B.C.E. This migration is known as the Bantu expansion, which was a significant movement of people speaking Bantu languages across Africa. They spread their agricultural and ironworking skills, as well as cultural and linguistic influences, throughout the region. The Bantu migration played a crucial role in shaping the population and cultural landscape of East Africa.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Swahili culture is a mixture of:
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African and Arabian
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African and Malayan
Correct Answer
A. African and ArabianExplanation
Swahili culture is a mixture of African and Arabian influences. This is because the Swahili people, who primarily inhabit the eastern coast of Africa, have a long history of interaction and trade with Arabian traders and settlers. This has resulted in the blending of African and Arabian customs, languages, and architectural styles, among other cultural elements. The Swahili language itself is a testament to this fusion, as it incorporates elements of both Arabic and Bantu languages. Overall, the African and Arabian influences have played a significant role in shaping the unique and vibrant Swahili culture.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Who established a colony on Madagascar?
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Periplus
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Swahili
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Malays
Correct Answer
A. MalaysExplanation
The Malays established a colony on Madagascar.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Who were the peoples encountered by the Bantu speakers as they moved in Africa?
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Peripulus
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Berbers
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Ghanians
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Khoisans speakers
Correct Answer
A. Khoisans speakersExplanation
As the Bantu speakers migrated across Africa, they encountered various groups of people. One of the groups they encountered were the Khoisan speakers. The Khoisan speakers are indigenous people of Southern Africa who have a unique language and cultural practices. The interaction between the Bantu speakers and the Khoisan speakers led to cultural exchanges, trade, and sometimes conflicts. This encounter played a significant role in shaping the history and diversity of the African continent.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Before the arrival of Islam, most early African religious beliefs included:
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Belief in a single creator god
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Belief in a form of afterlife
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A focus on ancestors and lineage
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
Before the arrival of Islam, most early African religious beliefs included a belief in a single creator god, a belief in a form of afterlife, and a focus on ancestors and lineage. This means that all of the mentioned beliefs were present in the early African religious practices.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What was the first commercial state to appear in West Africa?
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Zanzibar
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Ghana
Correct Answer
A. GhanaExplanation
Ghana was the first commercial state to appear in West Africa. This is because Ghana was strategically located along the trade routes between the Sahara desert and the forests of West Africa, allowing it to control and profit from the trade of gold, salt, and other valuable commodities. The Ghana Empire, also known as the Wagadou Empire, emerged around the 6th century and reached its peak in the 11th century. Its wealth and prosperity were largely based on its control of trade, making it the first commercial state in the region.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following is NOT one of the states that developed in southern Africa?
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Luba
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Kongo
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Zimbabwe
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. None of the aboveExplanation
The question asks for the state that did not develop in southern Africa. The options provided are Luba, Kongo, Zimbabwe, and "none of the above." The correct answer is "none of the above" because all three options (Luba, Kongo, and Zimbabwe) are indeed states that developed in southern Africa.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is considered the "basic building block" of African society?
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Villiage life
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Lineage
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Religion
Correct Answer
A. LineageExplanation
Lineage is considered the "basic building block" of African society because it refers to the social structure based on descent from a common ancestor. Lineages are kinship groups that trace their ancestry through the male or female line, and they form the foundation of African communities. Lineage determines social status, inheritance rights, and responsibilities within the community. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining traditions, resolving conflicts, and organizing economic activities. Therefore, lineage is essential in shaping African society and maintaining social cohesion.Rate this question:
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- 29.
To many African societies, lineage was:
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Matrilineal
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Patrilineal
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Based on caste system
Correct Answer
A. MatrilinealExplanation
In many African societies, lineage was matrilineal, meaning that descent and inheritance were traced through the mother's line. This means that children belonged to their mother's lineage and inherited property and social status from their mother's side of the family. This was a significant aspect of the social structure in these societies and had implications for kinship, marriage, and inheritance patterns.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What were stelae?
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Carved stone pillars
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Kushan pyramids
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A musical instrument
Correct Answer
A. Carved stone pillarsExplanation
Stelae were carved stone pillars, typically used as monuments or markers, that were erected in various ancient civilizations. These pillars often displayed inscriptions, artwork, or important information about rulers, events, or religious beliefs. They were commonly found in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica, among other regions. Stelae served as a way to commemorate and preserve historical and cultural significance, and they provide valuable insights into the civilizations that created them.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main Japanese home islands?
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Honshu
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Kyushu
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Osaka
Correct Answer
A. OsakaExplanation
Osaka is not one of the main Japanese home islands. The main Japanese home islands are Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido. Osaka, on the other hand, is a city located on the island of Honshu.Rate this question:
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- 32.
How much of Japanese land is arable?
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30 percent
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20 percent
Correct Answer
A. 20 percentExplanation
Approximately 20 percent of Japanese land is arable. This means that only a fifth of the total land area in Japan is suitable for cultivation and farming activities. The remaining 80 percent consists of mountains, forests, and other non-arable areas. The limited availability of arable land in Japan poses challenges for agriculture and food production in the country, leading to a heavy reliance on imports to meet the domestic demand for food.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Who is believed to be the founder of Japan?
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Izanami
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Izanagi
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Amaterasu
Correct Answer
A. AmaterasuExplanation
Amaterasu is believed to be the founder of Japan. In Japanese mythology, Amaterasu is the goddess of the sun and the universe. She is considered the ancestor of the Imperial family and is believed to have descended from the heavens to establish the Japanese imperial line. Amaterasu's importance in Japanese culture and mythology solidifies her role as the founder of Japan.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The ____ were the earliest known Neolithic inhabitants of Japan and are named for the cord pattern of their pottery.
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Jomon
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Yayoi
Correct Answer
A. JomonExplanation
The Jomon were the earliest known Neolithic inhabitants of Japan and are named for the cord pattern of their pottery. This suggests that their pottery was decorated with a distinctive cord-like pattern, which became a defining characteristic of their culture. The Yayoi, on the other hand, were a later group of people who introduced wet rice cultivation to Japan. Therefore, the Jomon is the correct answer as they fit the description given in the question.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is true about the Yayoi?
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They first settled on Kyushu
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They brought knowledge of rice cultivation
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They were a mix of Jomon and new arrivals
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
The Yayoi were an ancient Japanese culture that first settled on Kyushu, the southernmost of the four main islands of Japan. They are known for bringing knowledge of rice cultivation to Japan, which had a significant impact on the development of agriculture in the region. The Yayoi people were a mix of the indigenous Jomon people and new arrivals from the Asian continent, resulting in a blending of cultures and traditions. Therefore, all of the statements about the Yayoi being true is correct.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Japanese clans are called:
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Yayoi
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Uji
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Jimmu
Correct Answer
A. UjiExplanation
Japanese clans are called "uji."Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which Chinese dynasty was first seen as a threat by the Japanese?
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Tang
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Sui
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Yuan
Correct Answer
A. TangExplanation
During the Tang Dynasty, China experienced a period of expansion and prosperity. As a result, the Japanese began to view the Tang Dynasty as a threat due to its growing power and influence. The Tang Dynasty's military strength and advancements in technology posed a potential challenge to Japan's own ambitions in East Asia. This perception of the Tang Dynasty as a threat likely led to increased tensions and conflicts between China and Japan during this time.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Who introduced the seventeen-article constitution to Japan?
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Shotoku Taishi
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Minamoto Yoritomo
Correct Answer
A. Shotoku TaishiExplanation
Shotoku Taishi introduced the seventeen-article constitution to Japan. The seventeen-article constitution, also known as the Constitution of Seventeen Articles, was a set of moral and political guidelines that aimed to establish a centralized government and promote ethical behavior among the ruling class. Shotoku Taishi, a statesman and prince regent of Japan during the Asuka period, played a significant role in shaping Japan's political and social systems. He is credited with promoting Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese-style governance in Japan, and his efforts in introducing the seventeen-article constitution were instrumental in shaping the country's political landscape.Rate this question:
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- 39.
During the Heian period, who ruled Japan?
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The Emperor
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The Fujiwara clan
Correct Answer
A. The Fujiwara clanExplanation
During the Heian period in Japan, the Fujiwara clan held significant power and influence. They were a noble family that gained control over the imperial court by strategically marrying their daughters to emperors. As a result, the Fujiwara clan effectively ruled behind the scenes, with the emperors serving as figureheads. This period is known for its strong Fujiwara influence, as they controlled the government, held key positions, and shaped the political landscape of Japan. Therefore, the Fujiwara clan is the correct answer as they ruled Japan during the Heian period.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Hired by local aristocrats to protect their land and interests?
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Shoen
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Samurai
Correct Answer
A. SamuraiExplanation
Samurai were often hired by local aristocrats to protect their land and interests. They were skilled warriors who followed a code of conduct known as Bushido, which emphasized loyalty, honor, and duty. The samurai class emerged in feudal Japan and held significant power and influence. They served as the military elite and were responsible for maintaining order and defending their lord's territories. Their role as protectors made them a valuable asset to the aristocrats who relied on their expertise in combat and warfare.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Who created the first shogunate system in Japan?
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Minamoto Yoritomo
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Kamakura Shogun
Correct Answer
A. Minamoto YoritomoExplanation
Minamoto Yoritomo is the correct answer because he was the founder and first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate in Japan. After the Genpei War in the late 12th century, Yoritomo established a military government known as the shogunate, which centralized power in the hands of the samurai class. This marked the beginning of a new era in Japanese history, with the shogunate system lasting for several centuries and shaping the political and social structure of the country.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What helped the Japanese defeat the Mongols in 1281?
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A massive typhoon
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Shoguns
Correct Answer
A. A massive typhoonExplanation
A massive typhoon helped the Japanese defeat the Mongols in 1281. The typhoon, known as the "kamikaze" or divine wind, destroyed a large portion of the Mongol fleet that was attempting to invade Japan. This natural disaster played a crucial role in preventing the Mongols from successfully invading and conquering Japan. The typhoon was seen as a fortunate event by the Japanese, who believed it was a divine intervention protecting their land.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Great noble families were called:
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Shoen
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Daimyo
Correct Answer
A. DaimyoExplanation
Great noble families in Japan were called "daimyo." The term "daimyo" refers to powerful feudal lords who held vast amounts of land and had significant political and military influence during the feudal period in Japan. These daimyo families played a crucial role in shaping the country's history and were often involved in conflicts and power struggles. The term "shoen" refers to a different concept in Japanese feudalism, which denotes privately owned agricultural estates.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Who are the Eta?
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Hereditary slaves who perform degrading jobs
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Landless laborers who worked the land
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A warrior class
Correct Answer
A. Hereditary slaves who perform degrading jobsExplanation
The Eta refers to a social group in Japan who were hereditary slaves and were assigned to perform degrading jobs. They were considered to be at the lowest rung of the social hierarchy and faced discrimination and prejudice. Their roles included handling tasks such as butchering animals, disposing of dead bodies, and other undesirable occupations. The Eta were marginalized and ostracized from mainstream society, facing significant social and economic disadvantages.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The _______ are spirits that resided in nature, such as trees and mountains.
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Kami
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Shoen
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Genin
Correct Answer
A. KamiExplanation
Kami are spirits that are believed to reside in nature, including trees and mountains. In Japanese Shintoism, kami are considered to be sacred and are worshipped as deities. They are believed to possess divine power and influence over various aspects of life, such as fertility, weather, and protection. The concept of kami is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and has been a significant part of their religious beliefs for centuries.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which Buddhist sect was most popular with the aristocracy?
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Pure Land
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Jodo
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Zen
Correct Answer
A. ZenExplanation
Zen was the most popular Buddhist sect among the aristocracy because it emphasized direct experience and intuitive understanding, which appealed to the intellectual and philosophical interests of the aristocracy. Zen also offered a practical approach to spiritual enlightenment through meditation and mindfulness, making it an attractive choice for the aristocracy who sought personal growth and self-improvement. Additionally, Zen's emphasis on simplicity and austerity resonated with the aristocratic values of discipline and self-control.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is true about the haiku?
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It is the form for Japanese poetry.
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It focuses on images of nature.
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It is composed of secenteen sullables divided into lines of five, seven, and five syllables.
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
The haiku is a form of Japanese poetry that focuses on images of nature. It is composed of seventeen syllables divided into lines of five, seven, and five syllables. Therefore, all of the given statements about the haiku are true.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the Korean kingdoms became dominant?
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Paekche
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Silla
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Han
Correct Answer
A. SillaExplanation
Silla became the dominant Korean kingdom.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What culture residing on the Gulf of Tonkin was based on Indian culture?
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Dai Viet
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Annam
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Champa
Correct Answer
A. ChampaExplanation
Champa was a culture residing on the Gulf of Tonkin that was heavily influenced by Indian culture. This can be seen through various aspects such as their art, architecture, religion, and language. Champa adopted Hinduism and Buddhism from India, and their temples and sculptures were influenced by Indian architectural styles. The Chams also traded with India, further facilitating the exchange of cultural ideas and practices. Therefore, Champa is the correct answer as it best represents a culture on the Gulf of Tonkin that was based on Indian culture.Rate this question:
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