Advanced Placement World History Exam Practice Test!

Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew. This knowledge and skill were crucial for the development of agriculture as they played a vital role in identifying and collecting food sources. Additionally, their gathering activities would have contributed to the domestication of plants, leading to the cultivation of crops and the establishment of settled communities. Their expertise in foraging and knowledge of the environment made them valuable contributors to the agricultural revolution.

Confucianism encourages its followers to follow ethical rules to promote harmony and order. This is because Confucianism places a strong emphasis on social harmony and the well-being of society as a whole. It teaches that individuals should cultivate virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, and loyalty, and that by adhering to these ethical principles, one can contribute to the overall harmony and order in society. This belief is rooted in the idea that a well-ordered society is essential for the flourishing of individuals and the collective.

The Neolithic revolution brought about various changes to human societies, including reliable food supplies, an increase in total human population, job specialization, and the growing importance of the distinction between nomads and settled people. However, it did not lead to women and men growing to a more equal status. During the Neolithic period, gender roles became more defined, with men primarily engaging in hunting and women taking on domestic tasks such as gathering and food preparation. This division of labor led to a hierarchical society where men had more power and influence compared to women.

In early Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus River Valley, all of the mentioned phenomena were common. These civilizations had complex writing systems, which were used for record-keeping and communication. They also relied on extensive irrigation systems to support agriculture in the arid regions. Long distance trade played a significant role in these civilizations, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas. Additionally, the civilizations were centralized around navigable rivers, which provided them with water for irrigation, transportation, and other resources. Therefore, all of the above phenomena were prevalent in these ancient civilizations.

The development of civilization is commonly characterized by public building projects, a written language, and long distance trade. These factors contribute to the growth and advancement of a society. However, increasing equality among all citizens is not necessarily a characteristic of civilization development. Throughout history, many civilizations have been marked by social hierarchies and unequal distribution of power and resources. Therefore, the absence of increasing equality among all citizens is a notable exception in the development of civilization.

Chavin is the exception because it was not centered around a river valley. Unlike the other civilizations listed (Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and Indus Valley), Chavin developed in the highlands of Peru, away from major river systems. The Chavin civilization thrived between 900 and 200 BCE and was known for its religious and cultural influence in the region.

In Zhou China, the basis of the rulers was that they were chosen and favored by heaven. They held power because they were believed to be wise and principled guardians of their people. This suggests that the ruler's authority was derived from a divine mandate, and they were expected to govern in the best interests of their subjects. The belief in the ruler's moral and ethical qualities was an important aspect of their legitimacy and the basis for their power.

Early Christianity focused more on converting others to the religion than early Judaism. This is because Christianity emerged as a missionary religion, with the belief that the message of Jesus Christ should be spread to all people. In contrast, early Judaism was primarily focused on the Jewish people and their relationship with God, rather than actively seeking converts. This emphasis on evangelism and spreading the faith is one of the key factors that contributed to the rapid growth and expansion of early Christianity.

The correct answer explains that the government structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt were different. It states that Mesopotamia had a decentralized government with strong city-states, while Egypt was ruled by divine kingship. It also mentions that both civilizations believed their kings to be gods. This answer accurately compares the government structures of the two civilizations by highlighting their contrasting features and similarities in terms of the role of the king.

Buddhism rejected the central feature of the caste system in Hinduism. The caste system is a social hierarchy in which individuals are born into specific castes and are expected to remain in that caste for their entire lives. Buddhism, on the other hand, emphasized equality and the idea that all individuals have the potential to achieve enlightenment, regardless of their social status or caste. Therefore, Buddhism rejected the notion of the caste system and promoted a more egalitarian approach to spirituality and social relationships.

The importance of written language in Chinese culture was communication with ancestors, also known as divination. Divination is a practice that involves seeking knowledge or guidance from the spiritual realm through various methods, such as interpreting signs or symbols. In Chinese culture, ancestors hold a significant place, and communication with them is believed to be crucial for seeking their wisdom and guidance. The written language played a vital role in this communication, as it allowed the Chinese people to convey their messages and receive insights from their ancestors.

Buddhists believe that following the eightfold path leads to a state of grace or nirvana. The eightfold path consists of eight interconnected principles that guide individuals towards enlightenment and liberation from suffering. These principles include right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. By following this path, Buddhists aim to cultivate wisdom, ethical conduct, and mental discipline, ultimately leading to the cessation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana.

The best explanation for why the concept of civilization is controversial as an organizing principle of world history is that the use of the concept assumes that settled people are superior to nomads. This assumption implies a biased perspective that favors settled societies and undermines the value and contributions of nomadic cultures. It perpetuates a Eurocentric view of history that disregards the complexity and diversity of human societies throughout time.

The belief systems that have their origins in China during the classical era are Daoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. Buddhism, on the other hand, originated in India and was later adopted in China. Therefore, the correct answer is B, C, D.

During the Han dynasty, the majority of the Chinese population lived in eastern China because the region had the best farmland, which was concentrated along the rivers. This fertile land allowed for successful agricultural practices and ensured a stable food supply for the population. Moreover, the rivers provided irrigation and transportation, facilitating trade and economic development in the region. The availability of fertile land and access to waterways made eastern China an attractive and prosperous place to live.

The correct answer is Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. This statement is incorrect because Spartan women actually had more freedoms and rights compared to Athenian women. In Sparta, women had more control over their property, could receive an education, and had more physical freedom. Athenian women, on the other hand, had limited rights and were expected to stay at home and take care of domestic duties.

The collapse of political institutions was more devastating to the Roman civilization than Han China or Gupta India because Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/philosophical traditions to provide continuity. This means that even without strong political institutions, the religious and philosophical beliefs of the people in these civilizations helped to maintain a sense of unity and stability. In contrast, Rome relied heavily on its political institutions for governance and without them, the collapse had a more severe impact on the empire.

Salt was the most valuable commodity added to establish trading systems by the trans-Saharan trade. This is because salt was a crucial resource in the ancient world, used for preserving food, enhancing flavor, and promoting good health. It was in high demand and considered a luxury item, making it a valuable trade commodity. The trans-Saharan trade routes facilitated the exchange of salt across different regions, contributing to the establishment of trading systems and the growth of economies along the route.

The correct answer is "Silk road did not directly affect Turkish Nomads." This means that the Silk Road did have an impact on Turkish Nomads. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected China to the Mediterranean world, and it facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between different regions. Turkish Nomads, being part of the nomadic tribes in Central Asia, would have been influenced by the trade along the Silk Road, as they would have encountered traders, goods, and ideas from different parts of the world.

The passage is describing the actions of Paul. He traveled to different regions such as Syria, Palestine, Anatolia, and Greece, where he found that many non-Jews were interested in the teachings of Christianity. As a result, he shifted his focus to these gentiles and established strong Christian communities throughout the eastern Mediterranean. This aligns with the known missionary work of Paul, making him the correct answer.

The correct answer is The Zhou Dynasty fell, and the Warring States period began. This is because the question states that all of the events happened around the same time, and the collapse of the Zhou Dynasty and the beginning of the Warring States period in ancient China occurred concurrently. The other events mentioned, such as the collapse of the Hittite Empire, destruction of trade centers in western Asia, and weakening of Egypt by outside attacks, may have happened around the same time but are not directly related to each other or to the Zhou Dynasty and Warring States period.

The diverse geographical features of a region can contribute to a tendency towards political disunity. This is because when a region has varied landscapes, such as mountains, rivers, or deserts, it can create physical barriers that make communication and transportation difficult. These barriers can lead to the development of isolated communities with their own interests and priorities, making it challenging to establish a cohesive political structure. Additionally, diverse geographical features can also result in resource disparities, further fueling political divisions and conflicts.

The correct answer is berbers. The Berbers were a group of indigenous people who inhabited the Sahara desert and played a significant role in trade across the region for centuries. They established trade routes and caravans, transporting goods such as gold, salt, and slaves. The Berbers were known for their expertise in navigating the harsh desert terrain and their ability to adapt to the challenging conditions of the Sahara. Their dominance in trade across the Sahara made them a crucial link between North Africa, West Africa, and the Mediterranean region.

Shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a farming practice commonly used in rain forests. This method involves clearing a small area of forest, burning the vegetation, and then planting crops in the nutrient-rich ash. After a few years, the soil fertility declines, and the farmers move on to clear another area. This practice is well-suited for rain forests because the high rainfall and abundant vegetation provide the necessary conditions for this type of farming. It allows farmers to make use of the fertile land in rain forests while also allowing the cleared areas to regenerate over time.