Unit 3 Chapter 3 (1st Secondary) Biology

1. The following pedigree is for the inheritance of muscles atrophy disease in human beings.If the gene X is for normal muscles and the gene X' is for the atrophy of muscles, so what is the genotype of each of the members number 1 and number 2 in the second generation? N.B. Square is a male and a circle is a female.

1 is X'Y and 2 is XX'

1 is X'Y and 2 is X'X'

1 is XY and 2 is XX'

1 is XY and 2 is X'X'

2. A woman with one gene for haemophilia and one gene for colour blindness marries a normal man. How will the progeny be?

Haemophilic and colour blind daughters

All sons and daughters are haemophilic and colour blind

50% haemophilic, colour blind sons and 50% normal sons

50% haemophilic, colour blind sons and 50% normal daughters

3. The following figure illustrates the karyotype of an individual. What is the chromosomal structure of the gametes produced by this individual?

(22 + X) and (22 + X)

(22 + XX) and (22 + 0)

(22 + X) and (23 + X)

(22 + X) and (22 + XX)

4. Red-green color blindness is X-linked in humans. If a male is red-green color blind, and each of his parents have normal color vision, which of the male's grandparents is most likely to be red-green color blind?

Maternal grandfather

Maternal grandmother

Paternal grandfather

Paternal grandmother

5. A couple has a female child with Tay Sachs disease, and three unaffected children. Neither parent nor any of the four biological grandparents of the affected child has had this disease. Tay Sachs disease is a genetic lethal disease that leads to death usually in early childhood. The most likely genetic explanation is that Tay Sachs disease is inherited as a/an ______________ disease.

Sex-linked recessive

Sex-linked dominant

Autosomal recessive

Autosomal dominant

6. What is the sex complement of a male child who has Down's syndrome?

XY

XO

XX

XXX

7. What will be the consequences of mating between a pure normal female and a hemophiliac male?

50% daughter will be normal and 50% son will be hemophiliac.

All daughters will be carriers and all sons will be normal.

All daughters will be normal and all sons will be carrier.

50% daughter will be hemophiliac and 50% son will be normal.

8. Which of the following is not among the aims of the human genome project?

Gene therapy for normalizing blood glucose levels

Genetic testing for hemophilia

Genetic testing for typhoid disease

Evolutionary relationship

9. A chromosomal abnormality that causes a woman to be unusually short in stature, to have a webbed neck, and to generally lack feminine secondary sexual characteristics is:

Triple-X syndrome

A woman with only one sex chromosome

A woman with Down's syndrome

XYY syndrome

10. Which of the following statements is true?

All your cells have the same genome, but different parts are active in different cells.

Your cells have different genome, and different parts are active in different cells.

All your cells have the same genome and all parts of the genome are active in all cells.

Your cells have different genome and all parts of the genome are active in all cells.

11. The formation of the two testes in the fetus begins after about ............ weeks from fertilization

8

4

6

10

12. Alternation of the nucleotide sequence of a gene causes a change ------

In the karyotype of somatic cells

In the DNA finger print

In the structure of the chromosome

In the function of the protein formed by that gene

13. Which one of the following statements does not match accurately the other statements in describing a specific chromosomal disorder?

Upward slanting eyes.

Small head and ears

Taller than average height

An extra copy of chromosome 21

14. All of the following give information about their genotype except …….

Colour blind male

Hemophiliac male.

Tall Pea plant

Female carrier for colour-blindness.

15. A turner female has a chromosomal structure of .........

XY

XO

XXX

XX

16. The ability of a female bird to lay eggs is a ...........

Sex-limited trait

Sex-linked trait

Sex-influenced trait

Mendelian trait

17. The number of autosomes in the human ovum is ........

46

22

23

44

18. The person having (45 + XY) is a ........

Female with Down's syndrome

Female with Turner's syndrome

Male with a Down's syndrome

Male with Klinefelter's syndrome

19. .......... is an example of sex linked traits.

Colour of feathers in Andalusian Fowls

Fur colour in mice

Blood groups in Man

Eyes colour in Drosophila

20. From the examples of sex-influenced traits in human, we have .........

Colour blindness

Haemophilia

Early (genetic) baldness

Infantile paralysis

21. From the examples of sex-limited traits, we have

Early baldness

Appearance of beard

Colour blindness

Haemophilia

22. Chromosome X differs from that of Y in .......

Shape

Size

Number of genes it carries

All the previous

23. The figure represents a karyotype of .........

Klinefelter's syndrome

Turner's syndrome

Down's syndrome

Normal male

24. Klinefelter's syndrome results due to the fertilization of an abnormal ovum having two X chromosomes by a sperm of ..........

22 + X

22 + Y

44 + O

44 + Y

25. When a healthy man marries a haemophylic carrier woman, the possibility of producing females with haemophilia disease is ........... %

50

25

Zero

100

26. A male with a Down's syndrome results from the fertilization of a normal ovum by a sperm of ........

22 + XY

22 + Y

23 + Y

23 + X

27. A female suffers from a genetic hair falling, has a chromosomal structure of .......... (if B⁺ is the gene for hair falling).

B+ B

B B

B B+

B+ B+

28. In Drosophila, X^RX^r is a ......

White eyed male

White eyed female

Red eyed male

Red eyed female

29. The chromosomes Z and W in Birds are alternatives respectively to X and Y in mammals, The sex of birds is determined by the FEMALE and not the male. in a certain strain of birds the gene (G) for green colour dominates the gene (g) for purple one. if you know that this trait is a sex-linked one, so what is the genotype of a male and female birds crossed together producing, 50% heterozygous green males and 50% purple females.

ZGZG and ZgW

ZGZg and ZgW

ZgZg and ZGW

ZGZg and ZGW

30. In the genotype B⁺B⁺X^RY appears between sons, the possible genotypes of parents are -----

B+BXRXR x B+BXRY

B+BXRXr x BBXRY

B+BXrXr x BBXRrY

B+B+XRXR x BBXRY

31. A person with 44+XYY composition. The non-disjunction is in the ______ parent and in _______ meiotic division.

Male, 1st

Male, 2nd

Female, 1st

Female, 2nd

32. In a family, father is having a disease and mother is normal. The disease is inherited to only daughters and not to the sons. What type of disease is this?

Sex linked dominant

Sex linked recessive

Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

33. The number of sex chromosomes in the normal human sperm is .......

46

23

1

2

34. From the examples of sex linked traits we have .........

Colour blindness

Appearance of beard

Genetic baldness

Eye colour in human beings

35. The chromosomal structure of the ovum in human is .......

44 + XX

22 + XY

22 + X

All the previous

36. Which of the following pairs of parents is most likely to produce a daughter with hemophilia?

A hemophiliac mother and an unaffected father

A carrier mother and an unaffected father

A carrier mother and a hemophiliac father

An unaffected, non-carrier mother and a hemophiliac father

37. If a healthy man marries a colour-blinded woman, the disease will appear in .......... of their offspring.

All of the males

All of the females

Half of the females

Half of the males

38. The genes of early baldness in man are carried on ...........

X chromosome

Y chromosome

X and Y chromosomes

Autosomes

39. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness in the body. It is caused by recessive alleles carried on the X chromosome. Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to suffer from this disorder than females?

Males only have one X chromosome, so a recessive allele on that chromosome will be expressed.

Males have two Y chromosomes, so a recessive allele will be expressed if there are two copies on each chromosome.

The chromosomes in males develop slower than those in females, so males are more likely to inherit disorders.

40. In which of the following cases of lethal genes could mating take place between two individuals with different phenotypes?

Recessive lethal genes

Dominant lethal genes

Both dominant and recessive lethal genes

None of the answers are correct.

41. If an abnormal human ovum which has (n − 1) chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm in which the 23rd chromosome is larger than chromosome 9, which of the following could be a result of such fertilization?

A male with Klinefelter’s syndrome

A female with down syndrome

A normal embryo

A female with Turner’s syndrome

42. DNA fingerprinting can be used to differentiate between individuals on the basis of--------- .

The difference between the repetitive DNA sequences of each person

The difference in the sequence of genes responsible for creating fingerprints

The difference in chromosomal structure between people

The difference of phenotypes for the same gene among a population

43. ........... are responsible for sexual dimorphism (differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.)

Sex-linked genes

Sex-influenced genes

Sexual disorders

Sex-limited genes

44. Which of the following combinations of gametes could produce an offspring composed of abnormal males with XXXY karyotype, normal males, and normal females in equal ratios? (Female gametes are G1 and G2, male gametes are G3 and G4, while blanks are gametes with no sex chromosomes)

G1( XX), G2(blank), G3(XY), G4(blank)

G1( XX), G2(blank), G3( X), G4(Y)

G1(X), G2(XX), G3(Y), G4(blank)

All of the answers are correct.

45. The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. How many members of this family will be color blind?

1

2

3

4

5

46. The figure below illustrates fraternal twins of two different sexes. If at the end of the second month of pregnancy the gonads of the embryo (A) appears, then how many weeks are remained for the appearance of the gonads in embryo (B)?

Three

Four

Five

Six

47. The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. If the couple A and B is having a child, what is the probability that their child will be color blind?

0%

25%

50%

100%

48. Which of the following can cause polyploidy?

A single egg fertilized by two sperm.

A diploid egg being fertilized by a normal sperm.

A normal egg being fertilized by a diploid sperm.

All of these.

49. The genetic case which controls horn development in sheep where both males and females possess the same genes controlling horn development, but they are only expressed in males.

Sex-linked inheritance

Sex chromosome abnormalities

Sex-influenced inheritance

Sex-limited inheritance

50. Examine the graph below then choose the correct answer. The chromosomal structure in a liver cell of a male human, the chromosomal structure in a normal human ovum and the chromosomal structure in a kidney cell of a female human are represented respectively by ……….

4 – 2 – 3

3 – 2 – 1

4 – 2 – 3

3 – 1 – 4

51. A girl has failed in the traffic light test. Which of the following are the possible phenotypes for her parents?

Father is colour blind and mother is carrier for the disease

Both father and mother are normal

Mother is carrier for the disease and father is normal

Father is colour blind and mother is normal

52. If a bald male has normal parents. What is the probability for the parents to have a bald girl?

25%

50%

75%

Zero %

53. What is a genome?

The lifestyle factors that influence an organism

All of the DNA within an organism

The physical appearance of an organism

All of the noncoding DNA in an organism

All of the coding DNA in an organism

54. A scientist is studying an animal and determines that a gene is located on autosome two. It controls antler (branched horns) production in the male animals. Note that females do not produce antlers. This is an example of a ........

Recessive trait

Dominant trait

Sex-linked trait

Sex-limited trait

55. Which of the following is not true about autosomes in human beings?

They 44 chromosomes

They carry genes for sex-linked characters

They carry genes for sex influenced characters

They are of different size

56. The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. If the couple A and B is having a child, what is the probability that their child will be a carrier of the color-blindness allele?

0%

25%

50%

100%

57. The following table illustrates the gametes that are produced by a two parents. Which of the following offspring will have abnormal chromosomal inheritance?

A and C

D and C

A and B

B and D

58. A male with klinefelter syndrome and of blood group A is married to a normal female of blood group B. What is the probability to have a girl with blood group O?

25%

Zero %

50%

100%

59. The phenotype expresses the genotype of males in the ……….. traits.

Dominant lethal

Sex-linked

Sex-influenced

Mendelian

60. Three groups of plants belonging to the same species are exposed to different intensities of light. Group 1 was exposed to these light intensities for 12 hours, group 2 for 24 hours, and group 3 for 36 hours. The graph provided shows the amount of chlorophyll synthesized by these groups of plants at different light intensities. Which of the following statements about the graph is correct?

Plants exposed to 0 lx for 24 hours will not synthesize any chlorophyll.

61. Which cell of the following does not contain homologous pairs of chromosomes?

Companion cell in phloem tissue

Parenchyma cell

The egg of Ostrich

A cell in the ovarian wall in Drosophila

62. The mutation (a) in human is a recessive, sex linked and lethal for the pure embryos before birth. What is the percentage of dead babies that resulted from the marriage of a healthy man and carrier woman for this gene?

100% females

100% males

50% of females

50% of males

63. The following table illustrates the gametes that are produced by a two parents. What is the genetic case that the mother suffers from?

Down’s syndrome

Klinefilter syndrome

Triple-X syndrome

Turner syndrome

64. Turtles lay eggs in deep holes near the sea shore in different layers where those at the bottom resulting in all males while top eggs resulting in all females. Which of the following factors affects the kind of sex in Turtles?

Salinity of water

Presence of X chromosome

Environmental conditions

The Y chromosome

65. The shaded character in the following pedigree represents ......

Recessive trait

Sex-influenced trait

Sex-limited trait

Sex-linked trait

66. Which of the following can cause polyploidy?

A single egg fertilized by two sperm

A diploid egg being fertilized by a normal sperm

A normal egg being fertilized by a diploid sperm

All of these

67. All of the following is true concerning genes for milk production except that they are .....

Sex-influenced genes.

Carried by both males and females but turned off in males.

Expressed only in females.

Carried on autosomes not on sex chromosomes.

68. Three groups of plants belonging to the same species are exposed to different intensities of light. Group 1 was exposed to the light intensities shown for 12 hours, group 2 for 24 hours, and group 3 for 36 hours. The graph provided shows the amount of chlorophyll synthesized by these groups of plants at different light intensities. What can be concluded from this graph?

69. A scientist is studying an animal and determines that a gene is located on autosome two. It controls antler (horns) production in the male animals. Note that females do not produce antlers. This is an example of a .......

Recessive trait

Sex -influenced trait

Sex-linked trait

Sex-limited trait

70. When a bald man married a normal hair woman, whereas both of them are hybrid, the ratio of appearance of bald males in the offspring will be ………

1/4

2/4

3/4

4/4

71. If a daughter suffers from hemophilia, it is possible that ……..

The mother is infected and the father is normal

The father is infected and the mother is normal

The mother carries the gene of the disease and the father is normal

The mother carries the gene of the disease and the father is infected

72. The paternity of a child is in dispute. A DNA fingerprint was constructed for the child and their mother. DNA fingerprints from samples taken from 4 possible fathers are also constructed. Based on the information in the diagram provided, state which male is most likely to be the child's father.

Male 1

Male 2

Male 3

Male 4

73. DNA fingerprint was constructed from samples of hair found at a crime scene. DNA fingerprints from samples taken from 4 suspects are also constructed. Based on the information in the diagram provided, state which suspect's DNA was found at the crime scene.

Suspect 1

Suspect 2

Suspect 3

Suspect 4

74. If an embryo has a Y chromosome, what will start to happen around 7 weeks into pregnancy?

Nervous signals will be generated to stimulate the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

The embryo will divide rapidly into a large mass of cells.

The embryo will implant into the uterus wall.

Hormones will be released to initiate the formation of the male reproductive organs.

75. If A is a sex-influenced trait that is more expressed in males, then which of the following is false?

Only male having a homozygous recessive form of this gene will not express it

No female will express the gene

The gene is autosomal

Heterozygous female will not express this gene

76. A normal man married a woman with Down's syndrome. Genetically, which of the following individuals can't be their child?

Female with Down’s syndrome

Normal male

Male with Klinefelter’s syndrome

Normal female

Any of them can be their child

Option 5

77. Which of the following is not a difference between any two normal non-twin brothers?

The proteins which are coded for and produced depending on their genes

The sequence of DNA molecules in their chromosomes

The number of their chromosomes

The alleles of genes found on each of their chromosomes

78. A woman, carries a hemophiliac gene is married to a hemophiliac man. What is the expected percentage for the appearance of a hemophiliac son in their offspring on the first pregnancy?

Zero%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Option 5

79. Which of the following chromosomal structure represents a gamete that can be produced by a normal male or female in human?

(22 + X)

(22 + Y)

(22 + XX)

(22 + XY)

80. It was thought that women were responsible for determining the sex of the foetus, but scientific advancements proved otherwise. However, which of the following gametes could make the aforementioned true if fertilization occurred between it and a normal gamete?

A 22, O sperm (Sperm with 22A and no sex chromosomes)

A 22, O ovum (Ovum with 22A and no sex chromosomes)

A 24, XY ovum (Ovum with 24A and XY)

A 24, XX sperm (Sperm with 24A and XX)

81. What is the percentage of normal females resulting from this fertilization?

25 %

50 %

75 %

100 %