Unit 3 Chapter 3 (1st Secondary) Biology
Unit 3 Chapter 3 (1st Secondary) Biology
- 1.
The following pedigree is for the inheritance of muscles atrophy disease in human beings.If the gene X is for normal muscles and the gene X' is for the atrophy of muscles, so what is the genotype of each of the members number 1 and number 2 in the second generation? N.B. Square is a male and a circle is a female.
- A.
1 is X'Y and 2 is XX'
- B.
1 is X'Y and 2 is X'X'
- C.
1 is XY and 2 is XX'
- D.
1 is XY and 2 is X'X'
Correct Answer
D. 1 is XY and 2 is X'X' -
- 2.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness in the body. It is caused by recessive alleles carried on the X chromosome. Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to suffer from this disorder than females?
- A.
Males only have one X chromosome, so a recessive allele on that chromosome will be expressed.
- B.
The X chromosome is smaller than the Y chromosome, so alleles on the X chromosome are more likely to be expressed.
- C.
Males have two Y chromosomes, so a recessive allele will be expressed if there are two copies on each chromosome.
- D.
The chromosomes in males develop slower than those in females, so males are more likely to inherit disorders.
Correct Answer
A. Males only have one X chromosome, so a recessive allele on that chromosome will be expressed. -
- 3.
In which of the following cases of lethal genes could mating take place between two individuals with different phenotypes?
- A.
Recessive lethal genes
- B.
Dominant lethal genes
- C.
Both dominant and recessive lethal genes
- D.
None of the answers are correct.
Correct Answer
B. Dominant lethal genes -
- 4.
If an abnormal human ovum which has (n − 1) chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm in which the 23rd chromosome is larger than chromosome 9, which of the following could be a result of such fertilization?
- A.
A male with Klinefelter’s syndrome
- B.
A female with down syndrome
- C.
A normal embryo
- D.
A female with Turner’s syndrome
Correct Answer
D. A female with Turner’s syndrome -
- 5.
A woman with one gene for haemophilia and one gene for colour blindness marries a normal man. How will the progeny be?
- A.
Haemophilic and colour blind daughters
- B.
All sons and daughters are haemophilic and colour blind
- C.
50% haemophilic, colour blind sons and 50% normal sons
- D.
50% haemophilic, colour blind sons and 50% normal daughters
Correct Answer
C. 50% haemophilic, colour blind sons and 50% normal sons -
- 6.
DNA fingerprinting can be used to differentiate between individuals on the basis of--------- .
- A.
The difference between the repetitive DNA sequences of each person
- B.
The difference in the sequence of genes responsible for creating fingerprints
- C.
The difference in chromosomal structure between people
- D.
The difference of phenotypes for the same gene among a population
Correct Answer
A. The difference between the repetitive DNA sequences of each person -
- 7.
........... are responsible for sexual dimorphism (differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.)
- A.
Sex-linked genes
- B.
Sex-influenced genes
- C.
Sexual disorders
- D.
Sex-limited genes
Correct Answer
D. Sex-limited genes -
- 8.
The genes of early baldness in man are carried on ...........
- A.
X chromosome
- B.
Y chromosome
- C.
X and Y chromosomes
- D.
Autosomes
Correct Answer
D. Autosomes -
- 9.
Which of the following combinations of gametes could produce an offspring composed of abnormal males with XXXY karyotype, normal males, and normal females in equal ratios? (Female gametes are G1 and G2, male gametes are G3 and G4, while blanks are gametes with no sex chromosomes)
- A.
G1( XX), G2(blank), G3(XY), G4(blank)
- B.
G1( XX), G2(blank), G3( X), G4(Y)
- C.
G1(X), G2(XX), G3(Y), G4(blank)
- D.
All of the answers are correct.
Correct Answer
A. G1( XX), G2(blank), G3(XY), G4(blank) -
- 10.
The chromosomes Z and W in Birds are alternatives respectively to X and Y in mammals, The sex of birds is determined by the FEMALE and not the male. in a certain strain of birds the gene (G) for green colour dominates the gene (g) for purple one. if you know that this trait is a sex-linked one, so what is the genotype of a male and female birds crossed together producing, 50% heterozygous green males and 50% purple females.
- A.
ZGZG and ZgW
- B.
ZGZg and ZgW
- C.
ZgZg and ZGW
- D.
ZGZg and ZGW
Correct Answer
C. ZgZg and ZGW -
- 11.
From the examples of sex linked traits we have .........
- A.
Colour blindness
- B.
Appearance of beard
- C.
Genetic baldness
- D.
Eye colour in human beings
Correct Answer
A. Colour blindness -
- 12.
The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. How many members of this family will be color blind?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
Correct Answer
B. 2 -
- 13.
The figure below illustrates fraternal twins of two different sexes. If at the end of the second month of pregnancy the gonads of the embryo (A) appears, then how many weeks are remained for the appearance of the gonads in embryo (B)?
- A.
Three
- B.
Four
- C.
Five
- D.
Six
Correct Answer
D. Six -
- 14.
The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. If the couple A and B is having a child, what is the probability that their child will be color blind?
- A.
0%
- B.
25%
- C.
50%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
A. 0% -
- 15.
The following figure illustrates the karyotype of an individual. What is the chromosomal structure of the gametes produced by this individual?
- A.
(22 + X) and (22 + X)
- B.
(22 + XX) and (22 + 0)
- C.
(22 + X) and (23 + X)
- D.
(22 + X) and (22 + XX)
Correct Answer
C. (22 + X) and (23 + X) -
- 16.
From the examples of sex-influenced traits in human, we have .........
- A.
Colour blindness
- B.
Haemophilia
- C.
Early (genetic) baldness
- D.
Infantile paralysis
Correct Answer
C. Early (genetic) baldness -
- 17.
Which of the following can cause polyploidy?
- A.
A single egg fertilized by two sperm.
- B.
A diploid egg being fertilized by a normal sperm.
- C.
A normal egg being fertilized by a diploid sperm.
- D.
All of these.
Correct Answer
D. All of these. -
- 18.
The genetic case which controls horn development in sheep where both males and females possess the same genes controlling horn development, but they are only expressed in males.
- A.
Sex-linked inheritance
- B.
Sex chromosome abnormalities
- C.
Sex-influenced inheritance
- D.
Sex-limited inheritance
Correct Answer
D. Sex-limited inheritance -
- 19.
From the examples of sex-limited traits, we have
- A.
Early baldness
- B.
Appearance of beard
- C.
Colour blindness
- D.
Haemophilia
Correct Answer
B. Appearance of beard -
- 20.
Red-green color blindness is X-linked in humans. If a male is red-green color blind, and each of his parents have normal color vision, which of the male's grandparents is most likely to be red-green color blind?
- A.
Maternal grandfather
- B.
Maternal grandmother
- C.
Paternal grandfather
- D.
Paternal grandmother
Correct Answer
A. Maternal grandfather -
- 21.
Examine the graph below then choose the correct answer. The chromosomal structure in a liver cell of a male human, the chromosomal structure in a normal human ovum and the chromosomal structure in a kidney cell of a female human are represented respectively by ……….
- A.
4 – 2 – 3
- B.
3 – 2 – 1
- C.
4 – 2 – 3
- D.
3 – 1 – 4
Correct Answer
D. 3 – 1 – 4 -
- 22.
A couple has a female child with Tay Sachs disease, and three unaffected children. Neither parent nor any of the four biological grandparents of the affected child has had this disease. Tay Sachs disease is a genetic lethal disease that leads to death usually in early childhood. The most likely genetic explanation is that Tay Sachs disease is inherited as a/an ______________ disease.
- A.
Sex-linked recessive
- B.
Sex-linked dominant
- C.
Autosomal recessive
- D.
Autosomal dominant
Correct Answer
C. Autosomal recessive -
- 23.
The ability of a female bird to lay eggs is a ...........
- A.
Sex-limited trait
- B.
Sex-linked trait
- C.
Sex-influenced trait
- D.
Mendelian trait
Correct Answer
A. Sex-limited trait -
- 24.
A girl has failed in the traffic light test. Which of the following are the possible phenotypes for her parents?
- A.
Father is colour blind and mother is carrier for the disease
- B.
Both father and mother are normal
- C.
Mother is carrier for the disease and father is normal
- D.
Father is colour blind and mother is normal
Correct Answer
A. Father is colour blind and mother is carrier for the disease -
- 25.
The number of sex chromosomes in the normal human sperm is .......
- A.
46
- B.
23
- C.
1
- D.
2
Correct Answer
C. 1 -
- 26.
What is the sex complement of a male child who has Down’s syndrome?
- A.
XY
- B.
XO
- C.
XX
- D.
XXX
Correct Answer
A. XY -
- 27.
The number of autosomes in the human ovum is ........
- A.
46
- B.
22
- C.
23
- D.
44
Correct Answer
B. 22 -
- 28.
If a bald male has normal parents. What is the probability for the parents to have a bald girl?
- A.
25%
- B.
50%
- C.
75%
- D.
Zero %
Correct Answer
D. Zero % -
- 29.
What will be the consequences of mating between a pure normal female and a hemophiliac male?
- A.
50% daughter will be normal and 50% son will be hemophiliac.
- B.
All daughters will be carriers and all sons will be normal.
- C.
All daughters will be normal and all sons will be carrier.
- D.
50% daughter will be hemophiliac and 50% son will be normal.
Correct Answer
B. All daughters will be carriers and all sons will be normal. -
- 30.
What is a genome?
- A.
The lifestyle factors that influence an organism
- B.
All of the DNA within an organism
- C.
The physical appearance of an organism
- D.
All of the noncoding DNA in an organism
- E.
All of the coding DNA in an organism
Correct Answer
B. All of the DNA within an organism -
- 31.
Which of the following is not among the aims of the human genome project?
- A.
Gene therapy for normalizing blood glucose levels
- B.
Genetic testing for hemophilia
- C.
Genetic testing for typhoid disease
- D.
Evolutionary relationship
Correct Answer
C. Genetic testing for typhoid disease -
- 32.
The chromosomal structure of the ovum in human is .......
- A.
44 + XX
- B.
22 + XY
- C.
22 + X
- D.
All the previous
Correct Answer
C. 22 + X -
- 33.
A chromosomal abnormality that causes a woman to be unusually short in stature, to have a webbed neck, and to generally lack feminine secondary sexual characteristics is:
- A.
Triple-X syndrome
- B.
A woman with only one sex chromosome
- C.
A woman with Down's syndrome
- D.
XYY syndrome
Correct Answer
B. A woman with only one sex chromosome -
- 34.
A scientist is studying an animal and determines that a gene is located on autosome two. It controls antler (branched horns) production in the male animals. Note that females do not produce antlers. This is an example of a ........
- A.
Recessive trait
- B.
Dominant trait
- C.
Sex-linked trait
- D.
Sex-limited trait
Correct Answer
D. Sex-limited trait -
- 35.
Which of the following statements is true?
- A.
All your cells have the same genome, but different parts are active in different cells.
- B.
Your cells have different genome, and different parts are active in different cells.
- C.
All your cells have the same genome and all parts of the genome are active in all cells.
- D.
Your cells have different genome and all parts of the genome are active in all cells.
Correct Answer
A. All your cells have the same genome, but different parts are active in different cells. -
- 36.
Which of the following is not true about autosomes in human beings?
- A.
They 44 chromosomes
- B.
They carry genes for sex-linked characters
- C.
They carry genes for sex influenced characters
- D.
They are of different size
Correct Answer
B. They carry genes for sex-linked characters -
- 37.
The pedigree chart provided shows the inheritance of color blindness in a family. If the couple A and B is having a child, what is the probability that their child will be a carrier of the color-blindness allele?
- A.
0%
- B.
25%
- C.
50%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
C. 50% -
- 38.
Chromosome X differs from that of Y in .......
- A.
Shape
- B.
Size
- C.
Number of genes it carries
- D.
All the previous
Correct Answer
D. All the previous -
- 39.
The following table illustrates the gametes that are produced by a two parents. Which of the following offspring will have abnormal chromosomal inheritance?
- A.
A and C
- B.
D and C
- C.
A and B
- D.
B and D
Correct Answer
D. B and D -
- 40.
A male with klinefelter syndrome and of blood group A is married to a normal female of blood group B. What is the probability to have a girl with blood group O?
- A.
25%
- B.
Zero %
- C.
50%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
B. Zero % -
- 41.
The formation of the two testes in the fetus begins after about ............ weeks from fertilization
- A.
8
- B.
4
- C.
6
- D.
10
Correct Answer
C. 6 -
- 42.
A turner female has a chromosomal structure of .........
- A.
XY
- B.
XO
- C.
XXX
- D.
XX
Correct Answer
B. XO -
- 43.
The phenotype expresses the genotype of males in the ……….. traits.
- A.
Dominant lethal
- B.
Sex-linked
- C.
Sex-influenced
- D.
Mendelian
Correct Answer
B. Sex-linked -
- 44.
Three groups of plants belonging to the same species are exposed to different intensities of light. Group 1 was exposed to these light intensities for 12 hours, group 2 for 24 hours, and group 3 for 36 hours. The graph provided shows the amount of chlorophyll synthesized by these groups of plants at different light intensities. Which of the following statements about the graph is correct?
- A.
A plant exposed to 15 000 lx for 24 hours will synthesize over double the amount of chlorophyll than a plant exposed to the same intensity for only 12 hours.
- B.
Chlorophyll production increases exponentially between 10 000 lx and 20 000 lx for a plant exposed to both for 24 hours.
- C.
At all light intensities, chlorophyll synthesis was greater in the plants exposed for 24 hours compared to those exposed for 36 hours.
- D.
A plant exposed to 10 000 lx for 36 hours will synthesize over double the amount of chlorophyll than a plant exposed to the same intensity for only 24 hours.
- E.
Plants exposed to 0 lx for 24 hours will not synthesize any chlorophyll.
Correct Answer
A. A plant exposed to 15 000 lx for 24 hours will synthesize over double the amount of chlorophyll than a plant exposed to the same intensity for only 12 hours. -
- 45.
A male with a Down's syndrome results from the fertilization of a normal ovum by a sperm of ........
- A.
22 + XY
- B.
22 + Y
- C.
23 + Y
- D.
23 + X
Correct Answer
C. 23 + Y -
- 46.
Which cell of the following does not contain homologous pairs of chromosomes?
- A.
Companion cell in phloem tissue
- B.
Parenchyma cell
- C.
The egg of Ostrich
- D.
A cell in the ovarian wall in Drosophila
Correct Answer
C. The egg of Ostrich -
- 47.
The mutation (a) in human is a recessive, sex linked and lethal for the pure embryos before birth. What is the percentage of dead babies that resulted from the marriage of a healthy man and carrier woman for this gene?
- A.
100% females
- B.
100% males
- C.
50% of females
- D.
50% of males
Correct Answer
D. 50% of males -
- 48.
The following table illustrates the gametes that are produced by a two parents. What is the genetic case that the mother suffers from?
- A.
Down’s syndrome
- B.
Klinefilter syndrome
- C.
Triple-X syndrome
- D.
Turner syndrome
Correct Answer
A. Down’s syndrome -
- 49.
Turtles lay eggs in deep holes near the sea shore in different layers where those at the bottom resulting in all males while top eggs resulting in all females. Which of the following factors affects the kind of sex in Turtles?
- A.
Salinity of water
- B.
Presence of X chromosome
- C.
Environmental conditions
- D.
The Y chromosome
Correct Answer
C. Environmental conditions -
- 50.
All of the following is true concerning genes for milk production except that they are .....
- A.
Sex-influenced genes.
- B.
Carried by both males and females but turned off in males.
- C.
Expressed only in females.
- D.
Carried on autosomes not on sex chromosomes.
Correct Answer
A. Sex-influenced genes. -
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