Grade 11 Biology Quiz: Questions And Answers

Xylem and Phloem are indeed two major transport systems in plants. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while Phloem transports sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to other parts of the plant. These transport systems play a crucial role in distributing nutrients and maintaining the overall functioning of the plant.

Photosynthesis takes place in the Chloroplast. This organelle contains chlorophyll and is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, primarily in plant cells and some algae.

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is responsible for regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It is a selectively permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. These proteins serve various functions, including transport, signal transduction, and cell recognition. The cell membrane controls the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products, maintaining the internal environment of the cell. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within the cell where organelles are suspended, the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material, and the mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration and energy production.

The correct answer is Xylem. Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant. It consists of specialized cells like tracheids and vessel elements that facilitate this upward movement. Xylem tissue also provides structural support to the plant, helping it maintain its shape and stability. Additionally, xylem cells are dead at maturity, allowing for efficient water transport without interference from living cell processes.

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins. They read the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate it into the amino acid sequence of proteins, a process known as translation. Ribosomes can be found floating freely within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as the rough ER. DNA replication, energy production, and lipid storage are functions associated with other organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplets, respectively.

The correct answer is Adipose tissue. Adipose tissue consists of cells called adipocytes, which store fat as energy reserves. It also provides insulation and cushioning for the body. Adipose tissue is found throughout the body, including under the skin, around internal organs, and in bone marrow. It plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance and hormone production. Overall, adipose tissue is essential for maintaining proper bodily functions and overall health. It also serves as a protective barrier against physical trauma and helps to regulate body temperature.

The correct answer is Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source, especially glucose, which is metabolized to produce ATP. They are more readily broken down compared to proteins and fats. Carbohydrates are found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. It is important to consume a balanced amount of carbohydrates to maintain energy levels and overall health.

Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement continues until there is an equilibrium in the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, and facilitated diffusion involves the use of transport proteins to move molecules across membranes without energy input.

Angiosperms are a group of plants that produce flowers, making the statement "Angiosperms are plants that produce any kind of flower" true. Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, and they play a crucial role in pollination and seed production. This characteristic distinguishes angiosperms from other plant groups like gymnosperms, which do not produce flowers. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the defining feature of angiosperms.

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid cells from a single diploid cell. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction and occurs in two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, and during meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated. This results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. In contrast, mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, and budding is a form of asexual reproduction in some organisms like yeast.

It's actually the opposite! Dominant genes are the ones that mask or hide the expression of other genes (recessive genes). Think of it like this: dominant genes are the "loud" ones that always make their presence known, while recessive genes are the "quiet" ones that only show up if there are no dominant ones around.

The correct answer is Genotype. The genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, including all the genes inherited from its parents. It determines traits, though the phenotype reflects the observable characteristics resulting from gene expression. For example, a genotype may determine an organism's eye color, while the phenotype is the actual color of the eyes. Understanding an organism's genotype can provide valuable insight into its genetic makeup and potential traits.

Bacteria are prokaryotes that can cause disease. Unlike viruses, which are not considered living organisms, bacteria are living cells that can reproduce and cause infections in humans and other organisms. Bacterial infections can range from mild to severe, and can be treated with antibiotics. Leukocytes are white blood cells that are part of the immune system and help fight infections, but they are not the actual cause of disease. Gametes, on the other hand, are reproductive cells and do not cause disease.

The correct answer is Uracil. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, which is found in DNA. Uracil pairs with adenine during the transcription process, ensuring the correct transfer of genetic information. This substitution allows RNA to be more versatile and flexible in its functions compared to DNA. Uracil is a key component in the synthesis of proteins and other important biological processes. Overall, uracil plays a crucial role in the functioning of RNA and is essential for the proper functioning of cells. Its unique properties make it an indispensable molecule in the complex machinery of gene expression.

The systemic system refers to the network of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. This blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, allowing them to carry out their functions. Therefore, the correct answer is body cells.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic information transcribed from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This process is known as transcription. Once the mRNA reaches the ribosomes, it provides the template for the sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes. DNA, while containing the genetic blueprint, does not leave the nucleus.

The Golgi apparatus is like the packaging and shipping center of the cell. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids, like putting them in little envelopes to be sent to different parts of the cell or outside of it. Cellular respiration, which is how the cell gets energy, happens in the mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of the cell.

 Think of DNA as the master blueprint for your body and RNA as a copy of a specific page. Transcription is like making that copy from the DNA. This copy (RNA) then goes to the ribosomes, the "construction workers" of the cell, to build proteins (translation). Replication is like making a whole new copy of the entire blueprint, and reverse transcription is like making a blueprint from a copy, which some viruses do.

The electron transport chain (ETC) generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane by transferring electrons through protein complexes. This gradient powers ATP synthase, which synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The ETC is essential for producing ATP, the cell's primary energy currency, during cellular respiration.

Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells. They are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide. These cells have a unique structure that allows them to transport gases efficiently. They lack a nucleus and other organelles, enabling them to have more space for hemoglobin, the protein that binds to oxygen. The red color of these cells comes from the iron in hemoglobin. Overall, erythrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the body's oxygen levels and ensuring proper functioning of tissues and organs.

Imagine homologous chromosomes like a pair of shoes. They are similar but not exactly the same. They carry the same genes, but the exact "version" of the gene might be different because one comes from your mom and one from your dad. During meiosis (when cells divide to make sperm or eggs), these chromosomes can even swap parts, like trading shoelaces!

Amensalism is a type of relationship in nature where one party negatively affects another while the first is not affected to any great extent, such as trees that secrete toxins inhibiting smaller plants. In this relationship, one organism negatively affects another organism while not receiving any benefit in return. This can be seen in situations where one organism secretes a substance that inhibits the growth or survival of another organism, giving the secreting organism little or no competitive advantage. This type of relationship is characterized by one party actively harming or inhibiting the other party, such as Penicillium Mold inhibiting bacterial growth.

The given symptoms, including modest weight gain, depression, and fatigue, are commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, resulting in a slower metabolism. This can lead to weight gain, as the body is not able to burn calories efficiently. Depression and fatigue are also common symptoms of hypothyroidism, as the lack of thyroid hormone can affect mood and energy levels. Therefore, these symptoms align with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, regulates the intake and expulsion of nutrients and waste, thus maintaining homeostasis. It also provides protection to the internal organelles by acting as a selective barrier. Additionally, the cell membrane is involved in the recognition of other cells through receptor molecules on its surface. However, the synthesis of ATP occurs in the mitochondria, and the storage of genetic information is a function of the nucleus, not the cell membrane.

Huntington's Chorea is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements and cognitive decline. Spina Bifida is a congenital condition where the spine doesn't close properly during fetal development. These conditions are genetic disorders affecting the nervous system and physical development, respectively.