Understanding Cell Division: AP Biology Mitosis And Meiosis Test
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Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle.
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G0
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G1
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S
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G2
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M
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Prepare for the AP Biology Mitosis and Meiosis Test with our engaging quiz designed to test your understanding of cellular reproduction. This quiz will help you grasp the essential concepts, stages, and differences between mitosis and meiosis. With multiple-choice questions and detailed explanations, you can identify areas for improvement and reinforce your knowledge.
Additionally, this quiz serves as an See moreexcellent AP Biology Meiosis Practice Test, allowing you to focus specifically on the intricacies of meiosis, including gamete formation and genetic variation. Don't miss this opportunity to assess your readiness for the AP exam! Join now to enhance your study experience and boost your confidence before the big test day.
Quiz Preview
- 2.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: the shortest part of the cell cycle.
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G0
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G1
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S
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G2
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M
Correct Answer
A. MExplanation
The correct answer is M (mitosis). Mitosis is the shortest phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell divides into two daughter cells. Despite its brevity, it is critical for growth, repair, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase.
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G0
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G1
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S
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G2
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M
Correct Answer
A. MExplanation
The correct answer is M (mitosis). Toward the end of mitosis, the cyclin component of MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) is degraded, which inactivates the MPF complex. This degradation allows the cell to exit mitosis and re-enter the G1 phase, resetting the cell cycle for the next round of division.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. In some cells, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis?
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Telophase
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Prophase
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Anaphase
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Metaphase
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Prometaphase
Correct Answer
A. MetaphaseExplanation
In metaphase of mitosis, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. This is consistent with the description given in the question, where the chromosomes are visible and aligned along the center in some cells. Therefore, the correct answer is metaphase.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?
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G0
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G2
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G1
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S
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M
Correct Answer
A. G0Explanation
Cells that are in a nondividing state are in the G0 phase. This phase represents a resting or quiescent stage in the cell cycle where cells temporarily or permanently exit the cell cycle and stop dividing. Cells in G0 phase are not actively preparing for cell division and may remain in this phase for an extended period of time, or in some cases, indefinitely.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In which phase of mitosis do centromeres uncouple, sister chromatids are separated, and the two new chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell?
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Telophase
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Anaphase
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Prometaphase
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Metaphase
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Prophase
Correct Answer
A. AnaphaseExplanation
The correct answer is B, anaphase. Anaphase is a critical phase in mitosis where the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated, allowing the cell to distribute one copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell. This separation occurs when the centromeres that connect the sister chromatids split, enabling each chromatid to move independently. Microtubules connected to the kinetochores (protein complexes at the centromeres) shorten, pulling the chromatids—now individual chromosomes—toward opposite poles of the cell. This coordinated movement ensures that each pole receives an identical set of chromosomes. By the end of anaphase, the two sets of chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, preparing for the final stages of cell division.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The centromere is a region in which:
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Chromatids are attached to one another.
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Metaphase chromosomes become aligned.
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Chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
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The nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
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New spindle microtubules form.
Correct Answer
A. Chromatids are attached to one another.Explanation
The centromere is a region in which chromatids are attached to one another. During cell division, each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids held together at the centromere. The centromere plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper separation of chromatids during mitosis or meiosis. It serves as an attachment site for spindle fibers, which help to pull the chromatids apart and distribute them equally to the daughter cells. Therefore, the correct answer is that the centromere is a region in which chromatids are attached to one another.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Match the following key event of meiosis with one of the stages listed below: Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.
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Prophase I
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Metaphase I
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Anaphase I
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Telophase I
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Prophase II
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Metaphase II
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Anaphase II
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Telophase II
Correct Answer
A. Prophase IExplanation
Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs during prophase I of meiosis. This is when the homologous chromosomes come together and form tetrads, allowing for crossing over to occur. Prophase II does not involve synapsis or crossing over. Therefore, the correct match for the key event is A, Prophase I.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis and ________ are produced by meiosis.
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Gametes
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Clones
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Zygotes
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Spores
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Diploid cells
Correct Answer
A. GametesExplanation
In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis, which is a process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. On the other hand, gametes are produced by meiosis, which is a specialized form of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes. Gametes are involved in sexual reproduction and combine during fertilization to form a zygote, which develops into a new organism. Therefore, gametes are the correct answer as they are the cells produced by meiosis in animals.Rate this question:
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- 10.
You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide?
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A visible nuclear envelope
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Separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell
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Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell
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A synaptonemal complex
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A cleavage furrow
Correct Answer
A. Tetrads lined up at the center of the cellExplanation
Metaphase I is a stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs at the center of the cell. These pairs of chromosomes are called tetrads. Therefore, if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide, you would look for tetrads lined up at the center of the cell. The other options listed, such as a visible nuclear envelope, separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell, a synaptonemal complex, and a cleavage furrow, are not characteristic of metaphase I cells.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active.
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PDGF
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MPF
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Protein kinase
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Cyclin
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Cdk
Correct Answer
A. CdkExplanation
The correct answer is Cdk (Cyclin-dependent kinase). Cdks are enzymes that are present at constant levels throughout the cell cycle. However, they require cyclin to form an active cyclin-Cdk complex that can phosphorylate other proteins, driving the cell through the stages of the cell cycle.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in
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Spores.
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Gametophytes.
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Zygotes.
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Sporophytes.
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Clones.
Correct Answer
A. Zygotes.Explanation
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in animals to produce gametes, which are reproductive cells like eggs and sperm. Fertilization is the process in which gametes fuse together to form a zygote, which is the earliest stage of a new organism. Therefore, the correct answer is zygotes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?
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By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes
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By allowing random fertilization
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By allowing crossing over
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A and B only
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A, B, and C
Correct Answer
A. A, B, and CExplanation
The sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a species by allowing independent assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization, and crossing over. Independent assortment occurs during meiosis, where homologous chromosomes align randomly and separate into different gametes, resulting in a variety of genetic combinations. Random fertilization further increases variation by the chance meeting of any two gametes during sexual reproduction. Crossing over, which occurs during meiosis, leads to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, creating new combinations of alleles. Therefore, all three processes contribute to the genetic diversity within a species.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis?
Correct Answer
vi, VI, 6Explanation
Diagram VI represents metaphase II of meiosis.
Here's why:
Metaphase II: In this stage of meiosis II, the chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) line up individually along the metaphase plate. This is different from metaphase I of meiosis, where homologous pairs line up.
Diagram VI shows this clearly:
Individual chromosomes: You see individual chromosomes lined up at the center of the cell, not pairs.
Sister chromatids: Each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere, ready to be separated in the next stage (anaphase II).Rate this question:
- 15.
Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis?
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Two diploid cells result.
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Four diploid cells result.
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Four haploid cells result.
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Four autosomes result.
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Four chiasmata result.
Correct Answer
A. Four haploid cells result.Explanation
During the process of meiosis, a single diploid cell divides into four haploid cells. This is achieved through two rounds of cell division, known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, reducing the chromosome number by half, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids. This ultimately results in the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cell. Therefore, the correct answer is that four haploid cells result from the process of meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 16.
G1 is represented by which number(s)?
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I and V
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II and IV
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III
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IV
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V
Correct Answer
A. I and VExplanation
G1 is represented by I and V.
Here's why:
G1 phase: This is the first growth phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
The graph: In the graph, the amount of DNA is stable in phases I and V. This stable DNA content indicates the G1 phase, where the cell has not yet replicated its DNA.
Phase I represents the G1 phase of the first cell cycle, and phase V represents the G1 phase of the second cell cycle, after the cell has divided.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called
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ATPases.
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Kinetochores.
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Centrioles.
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Proton pumps.
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Cyclins.
Correct Answer
A. Cyclins.Explanation
Cyclins are proteins that play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. They show fluctuations in concentration throughout different stages of the cell cycle, specifically during the G1, S, and G2 phases. Cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are enzymes that control the progression of the cell cycle. Together, cyclins and CDKs form a complex that regulates the transition from one phase of the cell cycle to another. Therefore, the correct answer is cyclins.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis?
Correct Answer
iv, IV, 4Explanation
Diagram IV most accurately represents prophase I of meiosis. Here's a refined explanation:
Prophase I is characterized by:
Synapsis: Homologous chromosomes pair up closely, forming a tetrad or bivalent.
Crossing Over: Segments of non-sister chromatids within the tetrad are exchanged. This is a critical source of genetic variation.
Diagram IV distinctly illustrates these key events:
Intertwined Chromosomes: The chromosomes are closely intertwined, indicating synapsis.
Chiasma Formation: The points where the chromosomes appear to overlap or cross represent chiasmata, the sites of crossing over.
While other diagrams show condensed chromosomes, they lack the clear depiction of synapsis and crossing over that define prophase I.Rate this question:
- 19.
Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants
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The spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas animal spindles do not contain microfibrils.
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Sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals.
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A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage.
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Chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in animals chromosomes do not become attached until anaphase.
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Spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not.
Correct Answer
A. A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage.Explanation
In plants, during cytokinesis, a cell plate begins to form at telophase. This cell plate eventually develops into a new cell wall, dividing the cytoplasm into two separate daughter cells. In contrast, in animals, a cleavage furrow is initiated at telophase. The cleavage furrow is a constriction that forms around the equator of the cell and deepens until it eventually pinches the cell into two daughter cells. This difference in cytokinesis is due to the structural and functional differences between plant and animal cells.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Match the following statement: The process is preceded by the replication of the DNA.
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The statement is true for mitosis only.
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The statement is true for meiosis I only.
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The statement is true for meiosis II only.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
Correct Answer
A. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.Explanation
The statement "The process is preceded by replication of the DNA" is true for both mitosis and meiosis I. In mitosis, DNA replication occurs during the interphase before the actual process of cell division takes place. Similarly, in meiosis I, DNA replication also occurs during the interphase before the first round of cell division. Therefore, the correct answer is D.Rate this question:
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- 21.
If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have?
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6
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12
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24
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48
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64
Correct Answer
A. 12Explanation
Sperm cells are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic cells. In this case, since the liver cells have 24 chromosomes, the sperm cells would have half of that number, which is 12 chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase
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G0
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G1
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S
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G2
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M
Correct Answer
A. G0Explanation
The correct answer is G0. The G0 phase is a resting state in the cell cycle where cells are not actively dividing. Nerve and muscle cells, which typically do not divide after maturity, remain in the G0 phase, where they carry out their specific functions without preparing for cell division.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Match the following key event of meiosis with one of the stages listed below: Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate.
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Prophase I
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Metaphase I
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Anaphase I
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Telophase I
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Prophase II
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Metaphase II
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Anaphase II
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Telophase II
Correct Answer
A. Anaphase IIExplanation
During anaphase II of meiosis, the centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple, and the chromatids separate. This is the stage where the sister chromatids, which were previously held together by the centromere, move towards opposite poles of the cell. The separation of chromatids ensures that each resulting cell will have the correct number of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct match for this key event is G, Anaphase II.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Match the following statement: A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical.
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The statement is true for mitosis only.
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The statement is true for meiosis I only.
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The statement is true for meiosis II only.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
Correct Answer
A. The statement is true for mitosis only.Explanation
The statement "A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical" is true for mitosis only. Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that occurs in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and involves two rounds of division, resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the statement is not true for meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata?
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Haploid
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Crossing over
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Autosomes
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Prophase II
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Fertilization
Correct Answer
A. Crossing overExplanation
The term "crossing over" belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata because it refers to the process in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes, tetrads are formed during synapsis when two pairs of sister chromatids align, and chiasmata are the points where crossing over occurs. Therefore, crossing over is directly related to these terms and is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?
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Prophase I
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Anaphase I
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Telophase I
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Prophase II
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Metaphase II
Correct Answer
A. Prophase IExplanation
During prophase I of meiosis, crossing over occurs. This is the phase where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called recombination. This exchange of genetic material leads to genetic variation among offspring. Therefore, prophase I is the correct answer for when crossing over occurs during meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together?
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Centrosome
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Centromere
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Kinetochore
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Desmosome
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Microtubule organizer region
Correct Answer
A. CentromereExplanation
The centromere is the correct answer because it is the region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together. It is responsible for ensuring that the replicated chromosomes are properly distributed to daughter cells during cell division. The centrosome is not directly involved in holding sister chromatids together, but rather plays a role in organizing microtubules. Kinetochore is a protein structure that forms on the centromere and attaches the chromatids to the spindle fibers. Desmosome is a type of cell junction, and microtubule organizer region refers to a specific region within a cell.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The lettered circle in the figure above shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stage. *At prometaphase of mitosis
Correct Answer
B, bExplanation
At prometaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes have already replicated and are beginning to condense. The lettered circle in the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes, two pairs of homologous chromosomes. One pair is long (symbolized as B) and the other pair is short (symbolized as b). The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Therefore, the correct chromosomal conditions for this stage are B, b.Rate this question:
- 29.
If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
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10
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20
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30
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40
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80
Correct Answer
A. 10Explanation
In the presence of 20 chromatids, they exist as identical pairs of two, denoting the occurrence of replication, and thus, comprising sister chromatids. Consequently, the total number of centromeres in this scenario would be 10.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Match the following key event of meiosis with one of the stages listed below: Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows.
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Prophase I
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Metaphase I
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Anaphase I
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Telophase I
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Prophase II
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Metaphase II
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Anaphase II
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Telophase II
Correct Answer
A. Metaphase IExplanation
During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads (homologous pairs of chromosomes) line up at the center of the cell. This is followed by independent assortment, where the tetrads separate, and the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. Therefore, the correct match is B, Metaphase I.Rate this question:
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- 31.
When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs only in meiosis?
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The chromosomes condense.
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Tetrads form.
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The nuclear envelope disassembles.
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A spindle forms.
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Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.
Correct Answer
A. Tetrads form.Explanation
In prophase I of meiosis, tetrads form, which refers to the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This process does not occur in prophase of mitosis. In both prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis, the chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope disassembles, and a spindle forms. Additionally, in both processes, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them.
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PDGF
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MPF
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Protein kinase
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Cyclin
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Cdk
Correct Answer
A. Protein kinaseExplanation
The correct answer is protein kinase. Protein kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups to other proteins in a process known as phosphorylation. This addition can either activate or inactivate the target protein, impacting various cellular processes. While PDGF, MPF, cyclin, and Cdk are related to cell cycle regulation, protein kinase is the broad term for enzymes that phosphorylate proteins.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis.
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PDGF
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MPF
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Protein kinase
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Cyclin
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Cdk
Correct Answer
A. MPFExplanation
The correct answer is MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor). MPF is a protein complex that includes Cdk and cyclin, and it is responsible for pushing the cell past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase (mitosis). MPF activation initiates mitosis, allowing for cell division to proceed.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes?
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12
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16
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23
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46
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92
Correct Answer
A. 46Explanation
During metaphase of mitosis, each chromatid is still attached to its sister chromatid. Since there are 92 chromatids, this means there are 46 pairs of sister chromatids. When mitosis is completed, each pair of sister chromatids separates and moves to opposite poles of the cell. This results in the formation of two nuclei, each containing 46 chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 46.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The human X and Y chromosomes are
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Both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.
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Of approximately equal size.
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Almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.
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Called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.Explanation
The correct answer is "called 'sex chromosomes' because they determine an individual's sex." This is because the X and Y chromosomes are responsible for determining whether an individual develops as male or female. In males, there is one X and one Y chromosome, while in females, there are two X chromosomes. This difference in the combination of sex chromosomes is what determines the sex of an individual. The other options provided in the question are not entirely accurate. While the X and Y chromosomes are present in every somatic cell, they are not of equal size, and while they are homologous to some extent, they have significant differences.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis?
Correct Answer
ii, II, 2Explanation
Diagram II represents the anaphase of mitosis.
Here's why:
Anaphase: During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
Diagram II clearly shows this:
Separation: The chromatids are no longer joined at the centromere and are moving away from each other.
Spindle Fibers: While not explicitly shown, the elongated shape of the cell and the position of the chromatids suggest the pulling action of spindle fibers.Rate this question:
- 37.
If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will
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Move directly into telophase.
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Complete the cycle and divide.
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Exit the cycle and switch to a nondividing state.
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Show a drop in MPF concentration.
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Complete cytokinesis and form new cell walls.
Correct Answer
A. Complete the cycle and divide.Explanation
If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it means that all the necessary conditions for cell division have been met. Therefore, the cells will continue with the cell cycle and proceed through the remaining phases (S, G2, and M) to eventually divide into two daughter cells.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following organisms does not reproduce cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?
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Cow
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Bacterium
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Mushroom
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Cockroach
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Banana tree
Correct Answer
A. BacteriumExplanation
Bacteria do not reproduce cells by mitosis and cytokinesis. Instead, they reproduce through a process called binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis and cytokinesis are specific to eukaryotic organisms, such as animals, plants, and fungi. Bacteria are prokaryotes and have a simpler cell structure, so they use binary fission for cell reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is a genome?
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The complete complement of an organism's genes
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A specific sequence of polypeptides within each cell
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A specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers
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A specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome
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An ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest
Correct Answer
A. The complete complement of an organism's genesExplanation
A genome refers to the complete complement of an organism's genes. It encompasses all the genetic material present in an organism, including both coding and non-coding regions. The genome contains the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of an organism. It includes all the DNA sequences and genes that are inherited and passed on to future generations. The genome is responsible for determining an organism's traits, characteristics, and overall genetic makeup.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What is a karyotype?
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The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual
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The collection of all the mutations present within a genome
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A unique combination of chromosomes found in a gamete
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A system of classifying cell nuclei
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A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape
Correct Answer
A. A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shapeExplanation
A karyotype is a display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape. It provides a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, allowing for the identification of any abnormalities or genetic disorders. By examining the karyotype, scientists can determine the number and structure of chromosomes present in an individual's cells.Rate this question:
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- 41.
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
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23
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46
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460
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920
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About 8 million
Correct Answer
A. About 8 millionExplanation
The correct answer is "about 8 million". This is because the number of different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes for the gametes can be calculated using the formula 2^n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes. In this case, n is 23, so the number of different combinations is 2^23, which is approximately 8 million.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Chromosomes first become visible during ________ of mitosis.
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Prometaphase
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Telophase
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Prophase
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Metaphase
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Anaphase
Correct Answer
A. ProphaseExplanation
During prophase of mitosis, the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This is the first stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope starts to break down and the spindle fibers begin to form, preparing for the separation of the duplicated chromosomes. Therefore, prophase is the correct answer for when chromosomes first become visible during mitosis.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The lettered circle in the figure above shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stage. one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis
Correct Answer
E - 44.
What is the longest of the mitotic stages?
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Telophase
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Anaphase
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Prometaphase
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Metaphase
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Prophase
Correct Answer
A. ProphaseExplanation
The correct answer is E, prophase. Prophase is the longest stage of mitosis and serves as the preparation phase where the cell makes structural changes necessary for successful chromosome division. During prophase, the chromatin—a complex of DNA and proteins—condenses into discrete, tightly packed chromosomes that become visible under a microscope. Each chromosome, by this point, has duplicated and consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. Meanwhile, the nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, signaling the end of the nucleus as a barrier to spindle fibers, and the nucleolus (the site of ribosome assembly) disappears. Centrioles in animal cells also begin to separate, moving towards opposite poles to initiate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus, essential for chromosomal movement and alignment.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: The "restriction point" occurs here.
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G0
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G1
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S
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G2
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M
Correct Answer
A. G1Explanation
The correct answer is G1. The "restriction point" is a checkpoint in the G1 phase of the cell cycle where the cell decides whether to continue to the S phase for DNA replication or enter the G0 phase, where it will not divide. If conditions are favorable, the cell will proceed through the cell cycle; otherwise, it may exit the cycle temporarily or permanently.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury.
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PDGF
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MPF
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Protein kinase
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Cyclin
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Cdk
Correct Answer
A. PDGFExplanation
The correct answer is PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor). PDGF is a protein that is specifically released by platelets when there is an injury, initiating the wound-healing process. It stimulates nearby cells to divide and repair the damaged area by promoting tissue repair and new blood vessel formation, which are crucial steps in wound healing.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Match the following statement: Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.
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The statement is true for mitosis only.
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The statement is true for meiosis I only.
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The statement is true for meiosis II only.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
Correct Answer
A. The statement is true for meiosis I only.Explanation
The correct answer is B. This means that the statement "Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs" is true for meiosis I only. This is because independent assortment refers to the random alignment and separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, which results in the shuffling of genetic material and the production of genetically diverse gametes. In mitosis, on the other hand, independent assortment does not occur because there is no pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes. In meiosis II, independent assortment also does not occur because the sister chromatids of each chromosome remain together and are not separated.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Match the following statement: Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other.
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The statement is true for mitosis only.
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The statement is true for meiosis I only.
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The statement is true for meiosis II only.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
Correct Answer
A. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.Explanation
The statement "Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other" is true for both mitosis and meiosis II. In mitosis, the centromeres separate during anaphase, allowing the chromatids to be pulled to opposite poles of the cell. In meiosis II, the centromeres also uncouple, leading to the separation of sister chromatids into individual chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is E, which states that the statement is true for both mitosis and meiosis II.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
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Homologous chromosomes are separated.
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The chromosome number is conserved.
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Sister chromatids are separated.
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Four daughter cells are formed.
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The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end.
Correct Answer
A. Homologous chromosomes are separated.Explanation
At the conclusion of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated. Meiosis I is the first division of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This genetic recombination results in genetic diversity. At the end of meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and distributed to separate daughter cells, each containing one copy of each homologous chromosome. This separation is crucial for the reduction of chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells.Rate this question:
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.webp "Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis?")
.webp "The lettered circle in the figure above shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stage.
*At prometaphase of mitosis")
.webp "Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis?")
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Feb 20, 2025Quiz Edited by
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Feb 06, 2013Quiz Created by
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