AQA GCSE Biology Module 2 Revision Quiz
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Which two of the following structures are not a part of animal cells?
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Cell membrane
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Cell wall
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Nucleus
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Large vacuole
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This will test your knowledge and understanding of the 2nd module for the AQA Biology GCSE
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- 2.
Which of the following structures is the location of protein synthesis in cells?
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes
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Mitochondria
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Chloroplasts
Correct Answer
A. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes are small, spherical structures found in the cytoplasm of cells. They are composed of RNA and proteins and function as the site where amino acids are assembled into proteins according to the instructions provided by the genetic material. Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for various cellular processes and functions.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following structures is a location where light energy is transferred into chemical energy?
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes
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Mitochondria
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Chloroplasts
Correct Answer
A. ChloroplastsExplanation
Chloroplasts are the correct answer because they are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy, and other molecules necessary for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis to occur. The other options, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria, are not involved in the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following structures is the location of respiration reactions inside animal cells?
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes
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Mitochondria
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Chloroplasts
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria are the correct answer because they are the organelles responsible for carrying out respiration reactions in animal cells. Respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria have a double membrane and contain their own DNA, allowing them to produce the enzymes necessary for respiration. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate the majority of the cell's energy.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The role of a cell wall is
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To stiffen the structure of animal cells
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To control what passes into and out of plant cells
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To give plant cells a green colour
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Resist the outward pressure of a water filled plant cell
Correct Answer
A. Resist the outward pressure of a water filled plant cellExplanation
The cell wall of a plant cell provides structural support and helps resist the outward pressure of a water-filled cell. It acts as a rigid barrier that prevents the cell from bursting due to the osmotic pressure created by the high concentration of water inside the cell. This is especially important in plant cells, as they have a large central vacuole that stores water. The cell wall also allows for the passage of water and other substances through specialized channels called plasmodesmata.Rate this question:
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- 6.
List the following cell structures in order of decreasing size
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Cell membrane width, nucleus, ribosome
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Cell wall width, cell membrane, nucleus
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Nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane width
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Cell membrane width, cell wall width, nucleus
Correct Answer
A. Nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane widthExplanation
The correct answer is nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane width. This is because the nucleus is the largest of the three cell structures listed, followed by the ribosome, and then the cell membrane width. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's DNA. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. The cell membrane width, also known as the plasma membrane, is the outer boundary of the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of all nuclei?
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They all contain DNA
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They all contain genes
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They all contain chromosomes in pairs
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They all control the activities of cells
Correct Answer
A. They all contain chromosomes in pairsExplanation
The statement "They all contain chromosomes in pairs" is not a characteristic of all nuclei because not all nuclei have chromosomes in pairs. Some organisms, such as bacteria, have a single circular chromosome, while others, like fungi, have multiple linear chromosomes. Therefore, the presence of chromosomes in pairs is not a universal characteristic of all nuclei.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which one of the following is the best description about the structure of a metabolically active cell?
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It contains many mitochondria
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It contains many membranes
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It contains many ribosomes
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It contains a large nucleus
Correct Answer
A. It contains many mitochondriaExplanation
The best description about the structure of a metabolically active cell is that it contains many mitochondria. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration. In metabolically active cells, such as muscle cells, there is a high demand for energy, thus requiring a large number of mitochondria to meet this demand.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A human egg cells is large compared with a human sperm cell. The best explanation for this difference is
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It does not move on its own
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It contains nurishment for the zygote and embryo
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It is an easier target for sprem cells
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It contains more genetic information than sperm cells
Correct Answer
A. It contains nurishment for the zygote and embryoExplanation
The human egg cell is larger compared to a human sperm cell because it contains nourishment for the zygote and embryo. This is essential for the early development of the fertilized egg. The egg cell provides the necessary nutrients and resources for the growing zygote, allowing it to develop into an embryo. In contrast, sperm cells are smaller and more streamlined, as their main function is to reach and fertilize the egg cell. The larger size of the egg cell allows it to support the early stages of development until the embryo can establish its own nutrient supply.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The cells lining the gut of a human does not contain which one of the following features?
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A cell membrane
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Microvilli
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Many mitochondria
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A thin cell wall
Correct Answer
A. A thin cell wallExplanation
The cells lining the gut of a human do not contain a thin cell wall. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead, they have a cell membrane which acts as a protective barrier and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cells lining the gut also have microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption, and many mitochondria, which provide energy for cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The best definition of osmosis is
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The movement of solution into a more dilute solution
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The movement of water into a more dilute solution
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The movement of water into a more concentrated solution
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The movement of solution into a more concentrated solution
Correct Answer
A. The movement of water into a more concentrated solutionExplanation
Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane. In this case, the correct answer states that osmosis involves the movement of water into a more concentrated solution, which aligns with the definition of osmosis.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which one of the following is most likely to occur if an animal cell is suspended in a very weak salt solution?
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No change will occur
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The cell will shrivel up
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The cell will burst
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The cell will become turgid
Correct Answer
A. The cell will burstExplanation
If an animal cell is suspended in a very weak salt solution, the cell will burst. This is because the salt solution is hypotonic compared to the cell's cytoplasm. As a result, water will enter the cell through osmosis, causing it to swell and eventually burst.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which two of the following substances enter or leave cells by diffusion?
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Oxygen
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Water
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Starch
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Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer(s)
A. Oxygen
A. Carbon DioxideExplanation
Oxygen and carbon dioxide enter or leave cells by diffusion because they are small, nonpolar molecules that can easily pass through the cell membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and since oxygen and carbon dioxide are small and nonpolar, they can diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Water, although small, enters or leaves cells through osmosis, not diffusion. Starch, on the other hand, is a large, polar molecule that cannot pass through the cell membrane by diffusion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Consider the equation for photosynthesis. Which one of the following is the best description of substances used in photosynthesis?
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Light Energy, Oxygen
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Water, Oxygen
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Water, Carbon Dioxide
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Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Water, Carbon DioxideExplanation
In photosynthesis, plants use water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Water is absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves, where it is combined with carbon dioxide from the air. Through the process of photosynthesis, light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. Therefore, the best description of substances used in photosynthesis is water and carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In the structure of a leaf, the location of most photosythesis is
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The upper epidermis
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The palisade layer
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The spongy layer
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The guard cells
Correct Answer
A. The palisade layerExplanation
The palisade layer is the correct answer because it is the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf. This layer is located just below the upper epidermis and contains elongated cells that are packed with chloroplasts. These chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which is responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. The palisade layer is specifically adapted for efficient light absorption, making it the primary site for photosynthesis in the leaf.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In the structure of a leaf, the location of most gas exchange is
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The upper epidermis
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The palisade layer
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The spongy layer
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The guard cells
Correct Answer
A. The spongy layerExplanation
The spongy layer is the correct answer because it is the region of the leaf that contains air spaces between the cells. These air spaces allow for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the leaf and the environment. The upper epidermis and palisade layer are important for photosynthesis, but they do not play a direct role in gas exchange. The guard cells are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of the stomata, which are pores on the leaf surface that also contribute to gas exchange, but they are not the primary site of gas exchange.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In the structure of a leaf, the location which does the most to prevent water loss by transpiration is
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The upper epidermis
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The palisade layer
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The spongy layer
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The guard cells
Correct Answer
A. The guard cellsExplanation
The correct answer is the guard cells. Guard cells are specialized cells found in the epidermis of leaves. They control the opening and closing of stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. When the guard cells are turgid, they open the stomata, allowing for gas exchange but also increasing the potential for water loss through transpiration. However, when the guard cells are flaccid, they close the stomata, reducing water loss and preventing excessive transpiration. Therefore, the guard cells play a crucial role in regulating water loss and preventing dehydration in the leaf.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The best description about the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis is?
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They contain chlorophyll
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They contain chlorophyll to absorb sunshine
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They contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy
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They contain chlorophyll to absorb cabon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. They contain chlorophyll to absorb light energyExplanation
Chloroplasts are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Chlorophyll, a pigment found in chloroplasts, absorbs light energy from the sun. This absorbed energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, the best description of the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis is that they contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Starch is a better compound than glucose for storing energy in cells because
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It is a large compound so not readily lost from cells
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It is soluble
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It is a carbohydrate compound
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It is easier to detect in experiments
Correct Answer
A. It is a large compound so not readily lost from cellsExplanation
Starch is a better compound than glucose for storing energy in cells because it is a large compound that is not readily lost from cells. Unlike glucose, which can easily diffuse out of the cell, starch molecules are too large to pass through the cell membrane. This allows cells to store starch for longer periods of time, ensuring a more stable and sustained energy supply.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In an investigation measuiring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant which of the following is the independent variable?
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Distance between light source and plant
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Bubbles of oxygen produced per minute
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Temperature of the water
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Concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Distance between light source and plantExplanation
In an investigation measuring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant, the independent variable is the distance between the light source and the plant. This is because the distance between the light source and the plant is being manipulated or controlled by the researcher in order to observe its effect on the rate of photosynthesis. The other options mentioned, such as bubbles of oxygen produced per minute, temperature of the water, and concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide, are not being directly manipulated in this investigation.Rate this question:
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- 21.
In an investigation measuiring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant which of the following is the dependent variable?
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Distance between light source and plant
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Bubbles of oxygen produced per minute
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Temperature of the water
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Concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Bubbles of oxygen produced per minuteExplanation
The dependent variable in this investigation is the bubbles of oxygen produced per minute. The purpose of the investigation is to measure the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. The number of bubbles of oxygen produced per minute is directly influenced by the rate of photosynthesis, which in turn is affected by the light intensity. Therefore, the number of bubbles of oxygen produced per minute is the dependent variable that is being measured and observed in this investigation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In an investigation measuring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant what type of variable is the distance between the light source and plant?
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Categoric
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Continuous
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Discrete
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Control
Correct Answer
A. ContinuousExplanation
The distance between the light source and the plant is a continuous variable because it can take on any value within a certain range. In this investigation, the distance can be measured in millimeters, centimeters, or any other unit of length, and it can vary continuously from a minimum value to a maximum value. This variable is important to measure because it directly affects the amount of light reaching the plant, which in turn affects the rate of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In an investigation measuring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant what type of variable is the bubbles produced per minute?
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Categoric
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Continuous
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Discrete
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Control
Correct Answer
A. ContinuousExplanation
The bubbles produced per minute in this investigation can be considered as a continuous variable. This is because the number of bubbles produced can take on any value within a certain range, and it can be measured and recorded as a decimal or fraction. It is not limited to specific whole numbers or categories, making it a continuous variable.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In an investigation measuring the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant which of the following is the best description for the type of chart used to summarise the findings?
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A bar chart with distance between light source and plant on the x axis
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A line graph with distance between light source and plant on the x axis
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A bar chart with distance between light source and plant on the y axis
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A line graph with distance between light source and plant on the y axis
Correct Answer
A. A line graph with distance between light source and plant on the x axisExplanation
A line graph with distance between light source and plant on the x axis is the best description for the type of chart used to summarize the findings because it allows for the visualization of the relationship between the independent variable (distance between light source and plant) and the dependent variable (rate of photosynthesis). The x-axis represents the distance between the light source and the plant, while the y-axis represents the rate of photosynthesis. By plotting the data points on a line graph, it becomes easier to observe any patterns or trends in how the rate of photosynthesis changes with increasing light intensity.Rate this question:
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- 25.
If light intensity is the limiting factor in an investigation which of the following would not cause a change in the rate of photosynthesis?
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A decrease in light intensity
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An increase in carbon dioxide
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An increase in light intensity
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Saturation of a plant with light
Correct Answer
A. An increase in carbon dioxideExplanation
An increase in carbon dioxide would not cause a change in the rate of photosynthesis if light intensity is the limiting factor because the limiting factor in this scenario is light, not carbon dioxide. Even if there is an increase in carbon dioxide, the rate of photosynthesis cannot increase if there is not enough light available for the process. Therefore, the rate of photosynthesis will remain unchanged.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A market gardener used a parrafin heater in a greenhouse to improve the yield of plants. Which one of the following is not a good explanation for the effect of the heater?
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The heater produced light for the greenhouse
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The heater increased the temperature of the greenhouse
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The heater increased the carbon dioxide in the greenhouse
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The heater extended the growing season into winter months which would otherwise be non-productive
Correct Answer
A. The heater produced light for the greenhouseExplanation
The statement that the heater produced light for the greenhouse is not a good explanation for the effect of the heater because light is not mentioned as a factor that would improve the yield of plants. The other options, such as increasing temperature, increasing carbon dioxide, and extending the growing season, are all factors that can positively impact plant growth and yield.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. Which of the following statements is not a use of glucose in plants.
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The glucose is moved between plant cells by osmosis
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The glucose is stored in an insoluble form
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The glucose is respired in plant cells
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Glucose is joined together to make a polymer called starch
Correct Answer
A. The glucose is moved between plant cells by osmosisExplanation
Glucose is not moved between plant cells by osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Glucose, being a solute, does not move by osmosis. Instead, glucose is transported within plants through active transport or facilitated diffusion.Rate this question:
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- 28.
A deficiency in which type of mineral ion casues plants to have yellow leaves?
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Phosphate
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Nitrate
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Magnesium
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Suphate
Correct Answer
A. MagnesiumExplanation
Magnesium is a mineral ion that plays a crucial role in chlorophyll synthesis. Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color in plants and is essential for photosynthesis. A deficiency in magnesium can lead to a decrease in chlorophyll production, resulting in yellowing leaves. Therefore, a deficiency in magnesium causes plants to have yellow leaves.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Compared to plants grown on complete nutrient medium plants grown without nitrates are
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No different to normal
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Smaller than normal
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Bigger than normal
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Greener than normal
Correct Answer
A. Smaller than normalExplanation
Plants require nitrates for proper growth and development. Without nitrates, plants are unable to synthesize amino acids and proteins, which are essential for their growth. As a result, plants grown without nitrates will be smaller than normal because they lack the necessary nutrients to support their full growth potential.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The energy in food chains is ultimately traced back to
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The producer
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The primary consumer
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The soil
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Light energy
Correct Answer
A. Light energyExplanation
The energy in food chains is ultimately traced back to light energy. This is because producers, such as plants, use photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This glucose is then used by the producers themselves for their own energy needs and is also passed on to the primary consumers (herbivores) when they consume the producers. The energy from the primary consumers is then transferred to the secondary consumers and so on, creating a flow of energy through the food chain. Therefore, light energy is the initial source of energy in the food chain.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Compared to long food chains, short food chains are
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More common
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More energy efficient
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Less energy efficient
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Harmful to humans
Correct Answer
A. More energy efficientExplanation
Short food chains are more energy efficient compared to long food chains because they involve fewer steps and transfers of energy. In a short food chain, energy from the sun is directly transferred to producers (plants), which are then consumed by primary consumers (herbivores), and so on. With each step, some energy is lost as heat, so shorter chains result in less energy loss. In contrast, long food chains involve additional steps and transfers of energy, leading to more energy loss and reduced efficiency. Therefore, short food chains are more energy efficient.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The biomass of an organism is best represented by its
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Fresh (wet) mass
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Weight measured on the moon's surface
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Mass of living material
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Mass when dead
Correct Answer
A. Mass of living materialExplanation
The biomass of an organism refers to the total mass of living material in that organism. This includes all the organic matter such as cells, tissues, and organs. Therefore, the best representation of an organism's biomass would be the mass of its living material. This measurement provides an accurate reflection of the amount of biological material present in the organism.Rate this question:
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- 33.
If a plant fixes 1000Kj of energy from every 1000,000Kj of energy reaching it from the sun the percentage of energy available to the next organism in the food chain is
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0.01%
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0.1%
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1.0%
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10%
Correct Answer
A. 0.1%Explanation
The percentage of energy available to the next organism in the food chain is 0.1%. This is because the plant fixes 1000Kj of energy from every 1000,000Kj of energy reaching it from the sun. To find the percentage, we divide the energy fixed by the plant (1000Kj) by the total energy reaching the plant (1000,000Kj) and multiply by 100. This gives us 0.1%, which represents the proportion of energy that is available to the next organism in the food chain.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Not all of the energy in grass is transferred into the muscles of cows. Choose three ways in which grass energy is not transferred into the energy of cow muscle
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Energy is used by the cow in movement
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Energy is used by the cow to replace lost body heat
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Energy is incorporated into amino acids which make muscle protein
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Energy is used to join amino acids together to make muscle protein
Correct Answer(s)
A. Energy is used by the cow in movement
A. Energy is used by the cow to replace lost body heat
A. Energy is used to join amino acids together to make muscle proteinExplanation
The energy in grass is not transferred into the muscles of cows in three ways. Firstly, energy is used by the cow in movement, meaning that some of the energy is expended in activities such as walking or running. Secondly, energy is used by the cow to replace lost body heat, as cows generate heat through their metabolic processes and need to maintain their body temperature. Lastly, energy is used to join amino acids together to make muscle protein, which is a crucial process for muscle growth and repair.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A fox eats a chicken. Which two of the following are sources of wasted energy between the chicken and fox?
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The fox contracts muscles
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The chicken contracts muscles
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The fox excretes some of the chicken it has consumedl
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The chicken excretes some of the corn it has consumed
Correct Answer(s)
A. The chicken contracts muscles
A. The fox excretes some of the chicken it has consumedlExplanation
When the chicken contracts its muscles, it requires energy to do so. However, this energy is wasted as it does not contribute to the overall energy transfer between the chicken and the fox. On the other hand, when the fox excretes some of the chicken it has consumed, it is also wasting energy as this energy is not being transferred to the fox's body for its own use. Therefore, both the chicken contracting muscles and the fox excreting some of the chicken are sources of wasted energy in this scenario.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Organisms causing decay belong to which group?
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Succulents
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Saprophytes
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Simbionts
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Snakes
Correct Answer
A. SaprophytesExplanation
Saprophytes are organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter. They play a crucial role in the process of decay. Succulents are plants that store water in their leaves, stems, or roots, and they are not directly involved in the decay process. Simbionts is not a recognized term, and snakes are not typically associated with causing decay. Therefore, the correct answer is saprophytes.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A leaf is decomposed. Which one of the following represents the correct order of processes involved in decomposition of the leaf?
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Digestion, absorbtion, enzyme secretion, respiration
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Absorbtion, digestion, enzyme secretion, respiration
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Enzyme secretion, digestion, absorbtion, respiration
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Respiration, digestion, enzyme secretion, absorbtion
Correct Answer
A. Enzyme secretion, digestion, absorbtion, respiration -
- 38.
Which one of the following factors would not cause a high rate of decomposition?
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Carbon dioxide availabilty
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Oxygen availability
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Warmth
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Moisture
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxide availabiltyExplanation
Carbon dioxide availability would not cause a high rate of decomposition. Decomposition is primarily driven by the activity of decomposer organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which require oxygen to carry out their metabolic processes. Oxygen availability, warmth, and moisture are all essential factors that promote the growth and activity of decomposers, leading to increased decomposition rates. However, carbon dioxide availability does not directly affect the rate of decomposition as it is a byproduct of the decomposition process rather than a limiting factor.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is not involved in the carbon cycle?
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Respiration
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Photosynthesis
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Diffusion of carbon dioxide
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Absorbtion of nitrate ions
Correct Answer
A. Absorbtion of nitrate ionsExplanation
The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the Earth's surface. Respiration and photosynthesis are two key processes in the carbon cycle. Respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, while photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Diffusion of carbon dioxide is another process that plays a role in the carbon cycle by allowing the gas to move between different parts of the environment. However, absorption of nitrate ions is not directly involved in the carbon cycle. Nitrate ions are more closely associated with the nitrogen cycle, which involves the movement of nitrogen in various forms through the environment.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The place on an enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
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Active region
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Active site
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Active place
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Active shape
Correct Answer
A. Active siteExplanation
The active site is the correct answer because it refers to the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds and undergoes a chemical reaction. This site has a complementary shape to the substrate and contains specific amino acid residues that facilitate the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The active site plays a crucial role in enzyme-substrate interactions and is essential for the enzyme's function.Rate this question:
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- 41.
All enzymes are catalysts. This means they
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Can only be used once
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Increase the rate of reaction at moderate temperatures
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Increase the rate of reaction at high temperatures
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Are changed in a reaction
Correct Answer
A. Increase the rate of reaction at moderate temperaturesExplanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are highly specific and can only catalyze a particular reaction or a group of similar reactions. They are not consumed or changed during the reaction, allowing them to be used repeatedly. Enzymes work optimally at moderate temperatures, as extreme temperatures can denature them and render them inactive. Therefore, the correct answer is that enzymes increase the rate of reaction at moderate temperatures.Rate this question:
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