Biologi Kelas Xi

Ribosom adalah organel sel yang berfungsi sebagai tempat berlangsungnya sintesis protein. Ribosom terdiri dari dua subunit yang terbuat dari RNA dan protein. Proses sintesis protein dimulai dengan RNA messenger (mRNA) yang mengandung informasi genetik dari DNA. mRNA ini kemudian berinteraksi dengan ribosom, di mana asam amino yang membentuk protein akan disusun berdasarkan urutan yang terdapat pada mRNA. Dengan demikian, ribosom merupakan tempat utama dalam sel di mana sintesis protein terjadi.

Eksositosis adalah proses di mana sel mengeluarkan zat sisa yang dihasilkan dari metabolisme sel. Sel-sel menggunakan eksositosis untuk mengeluarkan limbah dan zat sisa yang tidak lagi diperlukan oleh tubuh. Proses ini penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan internal sel dan tubuh secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah "mengeluarkan zat sisa".

The correct answer is kambium. Kambium is a type of meristem tissue found in plants that is responsible for the formation of secondary growth, including the growth of the vascular cambium and cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem cells, which contribute to the increase in girth of the plant stem. Therefore, the formation of rings in a tree trunk each year is a result of the activity of the vascular cambium, making kambium the correct answer.

The correct answer is 2, 4, and 5. This is because the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis involve the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, which requires energy. The sodium-potassium pump also requires energy to actively transport ions across the cell membrane. On the other hand, osmosis and diffusion are passive processes that do not require energy. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect as they include processes that do not require energy.

The correct answer is "pada semua bagian tumbuhan" which means "in all parts of the plant". This answer suggests that the basic network or parenchyma tissue can be found in every part of the plant, including the roots, stems, and leaves. Parenchyma tissue is a type of simple plant tissue that is involved in various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and support. It is widely distributed throughout the plant body, making it present in all parts of the plant.

Plasmolisis adalah proses mengerutnya sitoplasma dan terlepas dari dinding sel pada tumbuhan. Hal ini terjadi ketika sel tumbuhan kehilangan air secara berlebihan dan menyebabkan tekanan osmotik pada sel menjadi lebih tinggi dari tekanan osmotik sekitarnya. Akibatnya, air keluar dari sel dan menyebabkan sitoplasma menyusut dan terlepas dari dinding sel.

Kolenkim dapat digolongkan ke dalam jaringan penyokong karena memiliki sel-sel yang kaku dan bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan dukungan dan kekuatan pada tumbuhan. Sel-sel kolenkim memiliki dinding sel yang tebal dan berfungsi untuk menjaga kekakuan dan stabilitas jaringan tumbuhan. Jaringan ini terdapat pada batang, daun, dan akar tumbuhan.

Epitel pada rongga mulut adalah epitel pipih berlapis banyak. Epitel pipih berlapis banyak terdiri dari beberapa lapisan sel pipih yang bertumpuk. Lapisan sel ini memberikan perlindungan yang baik terhadap gesekan dan tekanan yang terjadi dalam rongga mulut. Epitel ini juga memiliki kemampuan untuk meregenerasi sel-sel yang terkikis atau terkelupas, sehingga menjaga integritas lapisan epitel. Epitel pipih berlapis banyak juga ditemukan pada kulit dan saluran pernapasan bagian atas.

The given answer, 1, 2, dan 4, is correct because it includes the characteristics that are specific to smooth muscles. Smooth muscles are cylindrical in shape (gelondong), work involuntarily (di luar kesadaran), and are composed of non-striated muscles (otot lurik). Additionally, smooth muscles have a slow reaction to stimuli (reaksi terhadap rangsang lambat). Therefore, the answer 1, 2, dan 4 accurately represents the characteristics of smooth muscles.

Tengkorak bukanlah sistem organ karena tengkorak adalah kerangka tulang yang melindungi otak dan organ-organ penting di dalam kepala. Sistem organ adalah kelompok organ yang bekerja bersama-sama untuk menjalankan fungsi-fungsi tertentu dalam tubuh, seperti sistem otot, sistem saraf, sistem endokrin, dan sistem sirkulasi. Tengkorak bukanlah kelompok organ yang bekerja bersama-sama, melainkan merupakan satu struktur tunggal yang melindungi organ-organ di dalam kepala.

The correct answer is "lakuna". A lakuna is a small space or cavity within the lamellae of bone tissue that contains osteocytes. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are responsible for maintaining the bone matrix and regulating bone remodeling. Lakunae are interconnected by tiny channels called canaliculi, which allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between osteocytes and the blood vessels in the surrounding bone tissue. The other options listed are not directly associated with the presence of osteocytes within the lamellae of bone tissue.

The correct answer is "endodermis." The endodermis is a specialized layer of cells in the roots of plants that surrounds the vascular tissue. It acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular tissue. The other options mentioned in the question, such as pericycle, phloem, xylem, and pith, are all components of the stele in dicot stems.

The correct answer is "konsentris." This is because the statement mentions that the transport vessels are made up of xylem and phloem, which are the two main types of transport tissues in plants. In concentric vascular bundles, the xylem and phloem are arranged in a circular pattern, with the xylem forming the innermost layer and the phloem surrounding it. This arrangement allows for efficient transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

The correct answer is "mencerna makanan". In animal cells, the non-contractile vacuole functions to digest or break down food particles. It contains enzymes that help in the digestion process. This process is important for the cell to obtain nutrients and energy from the food it consumes. The other options mentioned, such as maintaining osmotic pressure, storing waste products, storing food substances, and building cell turgor, are not the primary functions of a non-contractile vacuole in animal cells.

The given question asks for the exception among the listed options, which are jaringan getah bening, jaringan darah, jaringan otot, jaringan tulang, and jaringan lemak. The correct answer is "jaringan otot." This means that all the other options, jaringan getah bening, jaringan darah, jaringan tulang, and jaringan lemak, are examples of jaringan ikat (connective tissue), while jaringan otot is not.