Ultrasound - Review
Only one option is correct
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A vertical plane that bisects the body into right and left halves is the:
- A.
Sagittal Plane
- B.
Median Plane
- C.
Coronal Plane
- D.
Lateral Plane
Correct Answer
B. Median PlaneExplanation
The median plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. It passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into symmetrical halves. This plane is also known as the midsagittal plane or midline plane. The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions, but it does not necessarily divide the body into equal halves. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions, while the lateral plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The location that is toward the front of the body:
- A.
Dorsal
- B.
Coronal
- C.
Anterior
- D.
Cranial
Correct Answer
C. AnteriorExplanation
The correct answer is "Anterior." Anterior refers to a position or location that is toward the front of the body. In anatomical terms, it is the opposite of posterior, which means toward the back of the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Sonographic signs for cirrhosis of the liver include all of the following except:
- A.
Increased Echogenicity
- B.
Decreased Echogenicity
- C.
Diffusely inhomogenous echo
- D.
Portal hypertension
Correct Answer
B. Decreased EchogenicityExplanation
Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, leading to changes in the liver's appearance on ultrasound. Increased echogenicity refers to a brighter appearance of the liver on ultrasound due to the accumulation of fat or fibrosis, which is a common sign of cirrhosis. Diffusely inhomogeneous echo refers to an irregular and patchy appearance of the liver on ultrasound, also indicative of cirrhosis. Portal hypertension, which is an increase in blood pressure within the portal vein system, is often seen in cirrhosis. However, decreased echogenicity, which refers to a darker appearance of the liver on ultrasound, is not typically associated with cirrhosis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called:
- A.
Ascites
- B.
Pericardial effusion
- C.
Pleural effusion
- D.
Fluid retention
Correct Answer
A. AscitesExplanation
Ascites is the correct answer because it refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, heart failure, or certain cancers. Ascites can lead to abdominal swelling and discomfort, and it is commonly diagnosed through physical examination and imaging tests. Treatment options for ascites may include medication, dietary changes, or in severe cases, drainage of the fluid through a procedure called paracentesis.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The inferior vena cava runs ___________________ through the retroperitoneal space and posterior to the liver
- A.
Horizontally
- B.
Vertically
- C.
Transversely
- D.
Obliquely
Correct Answer
A. HorizontallyExplanation
The inferior vena cava runs horizontally through the retroperitoneal space and posterior to the liver. This means that it runs parallel to the ground, rather than vertically or at an angle. This positioning is important for the proper functioning of the inferior vena cava, as it allows for efficient blood flow from the lower body back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The right posterior subphrenic space lies between the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, and the right colic flexure. This is called:
- A.
Dougla's pouch
- B.
Peritoneal recess
- C.
Renal gutter
- D.
Morison's pouch
Correct Answer
D. Morison's pouchExplanation
Morison's pouch is the correct answer because it accurately describes the location of the right posterior subphrenic space. It is located between the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, and the right colic flexure. This anatomical space is named after James Rutherford Morison, a Scottish surgeon who first described it in the late 19th century. The other options, Dougla's pouch, peritoneal recess, and renal gutter, do not accurately describe the location or name of this specific anatomical space.Rate this question:
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- 7.
All of the following structures are tributaries of the inferior vena cava except:
- A.
Portal vein
- B.
Right testicular vein
- C.
Inferior phrenic vein
- D.
Right adrenal vein
Correct Answer
A. Portal veinExplanation
The portal vein is not a tributary of the inferior vena cava. It is a major vein that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver. The other options listed, including the right testicular vein, inferior phrenic vein, and right adrenal vein, are all tributaries of the inferior vena cava.Rate this question:
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- 8.
This vessel courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal omental bursa, to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum:
- A.
Left hepatic artery
- B.
Right hepatic artery
- C.
Common hepatic artery
- D.
Left gastric artery
Correct Answer
C. Common hepatic arteryExplanation
The common hepatic artery is the correct answer because it courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal omental bursa, and goes up to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum. The left hepatic artery and right hepatic artery supply blood to the left and right lobes of the liver respectively, while the left gastric artery supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach. Therefore, the common hepatic artery is the only vessel that matches the given description.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The course of the right renal artery is:
- A.
Anterior to the inferior vena cava
- B.
Superior to the kidney
- C.
Posterior to the inferior vena cava
- D.
Anterior to the portal vein
Correct Answer
C. Posterior to the inferior vena cavaExplanation
The right renal artery is located behind the inferior vena cava. This means that it is positioned posteriorly to the inferior vena cava.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Hepatic veins course between the hepatic lobes and segments.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "Hepatic veins course between the hepatic lobes and segments" is incorrect. Hepatic veins actually course within the hepatic lobes, not between them. The hepatic veins drain deoxygenated blood from the liver and carry it back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The liver is made up of 4 different lobes. The right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe and...
- A.
Quadrate Lobe
- B.
Anterior Lobe
- C.
Lateral Lobe
- D.
Medial Lobe
Correct Answer
A. Quadrate LobeExplanation
The liver is composed of four different lobes: the right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe, and quadrate lobe. These lobes are distinct regions of the liver that have specific functions and are responsible for different processes within the organ. The quadrate lobe is one of these lobes and is located on the undersurface of the liver, between the gallbladder and the round ligament. It is important to understand the different lobes of the liver in order to accurately describe and diagnose any potential issues or conditions that may affect specific regions of the organ.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A sonogram of the liver shows increased echogenicity with increased attenuation and decreased vascular borders. This most likely represents:
- A.
Hepatitis
- B.
Fatty liver
- C.
Glycogen storage disease
- D.
Chronic granulomatous disease
Correct Answer
B. Fatty liverExplanation
The sonogram findings of increased echogenicity, increased attenuation, and decreased vascular borders are characteristic of fatty liver. Fatty liver occurs when there is an abnormal accumulation of fat within the liver cells. This can be caused by various factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, or certain medications. The increased echogenicity refers to the liver appearing brighter on the sonogram due to the accumulation of fat. The increased attenuation and decreased vascular borders are also consistent with fatty liver, as the fat can interfere with the passage of sound waves and disrupt the normal blood flow within the liver.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The normal location of the liver is:
- A.
Occupies the left hypochondrium, epigastrium, and umbilical area
- B.
Occupies the right hypochondrium, part of epigastrium and umbilical area
- C.
Occupies the epigastrum, umbilical, and mid-hypochondrium area
- D.
Occupies the upper abdominal cavity
Correct Answer
B. Occupies the right hypochondrium, part of epigastrium and umbilical areaExplanation
The liver is primarily located in the right hypochondrium, which is the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. It also extends into the epigastrium, which is the upper middle part of the abdomen, and the umbilical area, which is around the belly button. This distribution of the liver across these three areas is considered its normal location.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The portal vein is formed by the junction of the:
- A.
Superior mesenteric artery and IVC
- B.
Splenic vein and splenic artery
- C.
Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
- D.
Hepatic vein and splenic vein
Correct Answer
C. Superior mesenteric vein and splenic veinExplanation
The correct answer is Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and transverse colon. The splenic vein drains blood from the spleen, pancreas, and part of the stomach. These two veins come together behind the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein, which then carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which vascular structures are useful for the localization of the pancreas?
- A.
Common bile duct, portal vein, splenic vein, aorta
- B.
Superior mesenteric artery and vein, splenic vein, splenic artery, left renal vein, aorta, and IVC
- C.
Right and left hepatic veins, splenic vein, aorta, portal vein
- D.
Common bile duct, right renal vein, splenic vein, and portal vein
Correct Answer
B. Superior mesenteric artery and vein, splenic vein, splenic artery, left renal vein, aorta, and IVCExplanation
The vascular structures that are useful for the localization of the pancreas include the superior mesenteric artery and vein, splenic vein, splenic artery, left renal vein, aorta, and IVC. These structures are important because they are in close proximity to the pancreas and can help identify its location during imaging or surgical procedures. The superior mesenteric artery and vein supply blood to the pancreas, while the splenic vein drains blood from the pancreas. The splenic artery and left renal vein are also nearby, providing additional landmarks for localization. The aorta and IVC serve as reference points for orientation.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following structures are retroperitoneal?
- A.
Liver
- B.
Pancreas
- C.
Gallbladder
- D.
Spleen
Correct Answer
B. PancreasExplanation
The pancreas is retroperitoneal because it is located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Retroperitoneal organs are positioned outside the peritoneal cavity and are covered by peritoneum only on their anterior surface. The liver, gallbladder, and spleen are not retroperitoneal as they are located within the peritoneal cavity.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The echogenic area around the kidney includes all of the following execpt:
- A.
Renal Capsule
- B.
Perirenal Fat
- C.
Retroperitoneal Fat
- D.
Bowman's Capsule
Correct Answer
D. Bowman's CapsuleExplanation
The echogenic area around the kidney refers to the region that appears bright on ultrasound imaging. This area includes the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and retroperitoneal fat. Bowman's capsule, on the other hand, is a part of the kidney itself and is not located in the surrounding echogenic area. Therefore, Bowman's capsule is the exception in this case.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What structure crosses posterior to the inferior vena cava at level of the right kidney?
- A.
Ligament of the diaphragm
- B.
Left renal vein
- C.
Right renal artery
- D.
Right adrenal gland
Correct Answer
C. Right renal arteryExplanation
The right renal artery is the correct answer because it is the structure that crosses posterior to the inferior vena cava at the level of the right kidney. The other options, such as the ligament of the diaphragm, left renal vein, and right adrenal gland, do not cross posterior to the inferior vena cava at this specific level.Rate this question:
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- 19.
When the liver is shown superior to the diaphragm on a sagittal scan, this most position likely represents:
- A.
Reverberation
- B.
Acoustic speckle
- C.
Mirror image
- D.
Side lobes
Correct Answer
C. Mirror imageExplanation
In a sagittal scan, the liver being shown superior to the diaphragm is not a normal anatomical position. This suggests that there is a reflection or duplication of the image, creating a mirror image artifact. This artifact can occur due to the presence of a strong reflector (such as gas or bone) that reflects the sound waves back to the transducer, resulting in a duplicated image. Therefore, the correct answer is mirror image.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 30, 2012Quiz Created by
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