Mammography Toughest Trivia Quiz: Can You Pass This Test?
Below is Mammography's toughest trivia quiz: can you pass this test? Mammography is taken by mot male and female patients who think that they may have breast cancer or are trying to eliminate chances of having it by going to regular checkups. Do take the quiz below and get to see how much you know about the whole process, and what is expected of you as a medical practitioner.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
If the magnification mammography is performed without using a small focal spot, the resulting image will be magnified
- A.
And blurred
- B.
And sharply outlined
- C.
With increased subject contrast
- D.
With increased detail
Correct Answer
A. And blurredExplanation
When magnification mammography is performed without using a small focal spot, the resulting image will be magnified and blurred. This is because a small focal spot helps to improve image sharpness and clarity by reducing the blurring effect caused by scattered radiation. Without a small focal spot, the image will appear magnified but at the same time, it will be blurry due to the lack of focus.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The specimen is radiographed to
- A.
Confirm that the lesion was removed
- B.
Compare various needle localization techniques
- C.
Magnify the lesion to assess any possible microcalcifications
- D.
Check the position of the lesion
Correct Answer
A. Confirm that the lesion was removedExplanation
The specimen is radiographed to confirm that the lesion was removed. Radiographing the specimen allows for visual confirmation that the entire lesion was successfully removed during the procedure. This is important to ensure that there are no remaining cancerous or abnormal cells that could potentially cause further health issues.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is true regarding breast implants and mammography?
- A.
An implant can interfere with the interpretation of the mammogram because it obscures breast tissue.
- B.
Compression is necessary and can possibly rupture breast implants
- C.
Implant imaging requires additional images
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the above options are true regarding breast implants and mammography. Implants can interfere with the interpretation of the mammogram because they obscure breast tissue, compression during mammography is necessary and can potentially rupture breast implants, and implant imaging often requires additional images to ensure accurate results.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The biggest risk factor for breast disease is
- A.
A family history of breast cancer
- B.
A personal history of breast cancer
- C.
Gender
- D.
Not breast-feeding
Correct Answer
C. GenderExplanation
The correct answer is gender. Gender is the biggest risk factor for breast disease. Women are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to men. This is because women have more breast tissue and hormonal factors that increase their susceptibility to breast diseases.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Casting-type calcifications are:
- A.
Typically benign
- B.
Often larger than 0.5 millimeters (mm) in diameter
- C.
Produced when calcifications form within duct walls
- D.
Irregular in optical density
Correct Answer
C. Produced when calcifications form within duct wallsExplanation
Casting-type calcifications are produced when calcifications form within duct walls. This means that the calcifications are located within the walls of the ducts in the body. This type of calcification is typically benign, meaning it is not cancerous. They are often larger than 0.5 millimeters in diameter and have an irregular appearance in terms of optical density.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A technique of injecting a radioisotope directly into the tumor bed to tract the extent or spread of a cancer, describes:
- A.
Scintigraphy
- B.
Scintimammography
- C.
Lymphoscintigraphy
- D.
Positron Emission Tomography
Correct Answer
C. LymphoscintigraphyExplanation
Lymphoscintigraphy is a technique used to inject a radioisotope directly into the tumor bed to track the extent or spread of a cancer. This procedure helps in identifying the lymph nodes that are draining the tumor and provides valuable information about the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system. By visualizing the movement of the radioisotope, lymphoscintigraphy helps in planning the surgical removal of the tumor and determining the appropriate treatment strategy for the patient.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Calcifications seen on the mammogram are suspected to be in the skin. The best projection necessary to prove this theory is the
- A.
LMO
- B.
TAN
- C.
LM
- D.
AT
Correct Answer
B. TANExplanation
The correct answer is TAN because the TAN projection (Tangential) is the best way to visualize calcifications in the skin. This projection involves positioning the breast so that the nipple is pointing towards the detector, allowing for a clear view of the skin and any calcifications present. The LMO projection (Latero-medial oblique) and LM projection (Latero-medial) are used to visualize different areas of the breast, while the AT projection (Anterior-Posterior) is used to visualize the breast from front to back. Therefore, TAN is the most appropriate projection for confirming the presence of calcifications in the skin.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The breast meets the abdominal wall at approximately the:
- A.
Mid-sternum
- B.
Mid-axillary line
- C.
Clavicle
- D.
Seventh rib
Correct Answer
D. Seventh ribExplanation
The breast meets the abdominal wall at approximately the seventh rib. This is because the breast tissue extends from the second to the sixth rib in the mid-axillary line, and then curves downward to meet the abdominal wall at the seventh rib. The other options, such as the mid-sternum, clavicle, and mid-axillary line, do not accurately represent the location where the breast meets the abdominal wall.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The advantages of the MQSA include all of the following except:
- A.
Increases efficiency
- B.
Is cost-effective
- C.
Allows manipulation of the final image
- D.
Improves patient satisfaction
Correct Answer
C. Allows manipulation of the final imageExplanation
The MQSA (Mammography Quality Standards Act) has several advantages, including increasing efficiency, being cost-effective, and improving patient satisfaction. However, one advantage that it does not provide is the ability to manipulate the final image. The MQSA focuses on ensuring the quality and accuracy of mammography screenings, rather than allowing for image manipulation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The specimen is compressed to
- A.
Reduce motion unsharpness
- B.
Reduce radiation exposure
- C.
Reduce tissue thickness
- D.
Reduce the magnification factor
Correct Answer
C. Reduce tissue thicknessExplanation
The correct answer is "reduce tissue thickness". When a specimen is compressed, it reduces the thickness of the tissue, allowing for clearer imaging and reducing the potential for motion unsharpness. This compression technique is commonly used in mammography to improve image quality and enhance the detection of abnormalities. It also helps to reduce radiation exposure as thinner tissues require less radiation to penetrate. Additionally, by reducing the tissue thickness, it minimizes the magnification factor, resulting in more accurate measurements and evaluations.Rate this question:
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- 11.
At higher magnification factors there is 1.) higher skin dose 2.) increased scatter 3.) decreased source-to-object distance (SOD)
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer
C. 1 and 3 onlyExplanation
At higher magnification factors, there is an increased skin dose because the radiation is focused on a smaller area, resulting in a higher dose per unit area. Additionally, there is a decreased source-to-object distance (SOD) which can also contribute to a higher skin dose as the radiation has less distance to travel before reaching the skin. Increased scatter is not necessarily a direct consequence of higher magnification factors, so it is not included in the explanation.Rate this question:
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- 12.
One of the minor risk factors for breast cancer could include
- A.
Gender
- B.
Aging
- C.
Genetic risk factors
- D.
Not breast-feeding
Correct Answer
D. Not breast-feedingExplanation
Not breast-feeding is considered a minor risk factor for breast cancer. Breast-feeding has been shown to have a protective effect against breast cancer, as it helps to reduce the number of menstrual cycles a woman has in her lifetime. This, in turn, decreases the exposure to estrogen, a hormone that can promote the growth of breast cancer cells. Therefore, not breast-feeding may slightly increase the risk of developing breast cancer.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What cancer accounts for a large percentage of potential malpractice suits for failure to detect breast cancer because it is difficult to diagnose?
- A.
Lobular carcinoma in situ
- B.
Invasive lobular cancer
- C.
Invasive ductal carcinoma
- D.
Inflammatory breast cancer
Correct Answer
A. Lobular carcinoma in situExplanation
Lobular carcinoma in situ is a type of breast cancer that is difficult to diagnose because it does not form a lump or mass that can be detected through a physical examination or imaging tests. Instead, it involves abnormal cells in the lobules of the breast that have not spread to surrounding tissues. Due to its subtle nature, lobular carcinoma in situ can be easily missed during routine screenings, leading to potential malpractice suits if not detected in a timely manner. This explains why it accounts for a large percentage of potential malpractice suits for failure to detect breast cancer.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The projection best used to demonstrate the true representation of medial breast structures in relation to the nipple is the
- A.
LM
- B.
AT
- C.
ML
- D.
TAN
Correct Answer
A. LMExplanation
The correct answer is LM. The LM projection, also known as the lateral-medial projection, is the best projection to demonstrate the true representation of medial breast structures in relation to the nipple. This projection allows for a clear visualization of the innermost structures of the breast, providing important information for diagnostic purposes.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the approximate risk of developing breast cancer for a woman whose father's sister has the disease?
- A.
Higher than normal risk
- B.
No significant change
- C.
Lower than normal risk
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Higher than normal riskExplanation
A woman whose father's sister has breast cancer is at a higher than normal risk of developing the disease. This is because breast cancer can have a genetic component, and having a close relative with the disease increases the likelihood of inheriting certain genetic mutations that can predispose someone to breast cancer. Therefore, the woman's familial history puts her at an increased risk compared to the general population.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A digital method of scanning the breast to create three-dimensional reconstruction of tomography planes of the breast is:
- A.
Lymphoscintigraphy
- B.
BSGI
- C.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
- D.
Optical Imaging
Correct Answer
C. Digital Breast TomosynthesisExplanation
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis is a digital method of scanning the breast to create three-dimensional reconstruction of tomography planes. It is a more advanced and accurate imaging technique compared to traditional mammography. It allows for better visualization of breast tissue, particularly in dense breasts, and can help detect abnormalities such as tumors or cysts. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis is often used as a supplemental screening tool for women with dense breasts or those at higher risk for breast cancer.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Under the MQSA, each facility must establish and maintain a quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Under the MQSA (Mammography Quality Standards Act), it is mandatory for each facility to establish and maintain a quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program. This program ensures that the facility follows standardized protocols and guidelines to maintain the quality and accuracy of mammography services. It includes regular monitoring, evaluation, and documentation of equipment, procedures, and personnel competency. By implementing a QA and QC program, facilities can ensure that patients receive reliable and high-quality mammography services. Therefore, the given statement "True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 18.
On average, how many lobes are found in an adult female breast:
- A.
0-5
- B.
5-15
- C.
15-20
- D.
25-30
Correct Answer
C. 15-20Explanation
An adult female breast typically has 15-20 lobes. Lobes are the glandular structures within the breast that produce milk. The number of lobes can vary slightly among individuals, but the average range is 15-20.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The FB is especially useful in imaging the _____ patient
- A.
Implant
- B.
Stretcher
- C.
Postmastectomy
- D.
Wheelchair
Correct Answer
A. ImplantExplanation
In medical imaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the presence of implants can pose challenges due to their magnetic properties. The term "ferromagnetic body" refers to an object that contains ferromagnetic materials, which can be attracted to the strong magnetic field generated by MRI machines. Imaging the implant patient involves ensuring the safety and compatibility of implants with the MRI environment to obtain accurate diagnostic images.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A BSE should be done regularly by 1. the radiologist 2. the patient 3. a health-care professional
- A.
1 only
- B.
2 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1 and 3 only
Correct Answer
B. 2 onlyExplanation
Regular BSE (Breast Self-Examination) should be done by the patient. This is because BSE is a method for individuals to examine their own breasts to detect any changes or abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer. It is an important part of breast health awareness and early detection. A radiologist may perform a clinical breast examination (CBE) or a health-care professional may provide guidance on how to perform BSE correctly, but the responsibility of conducting regular self-examinations lies with the patient.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Magnification is beneficial in all of the following situations except:
- A.
Imaging the surgical site of a patient with a lumpectomy
- B.
Imaging a specimen radiograph
- C.
Evaluating microcalcifications in a lesion
- D.
Routine imaging
Correct Answer
D. Routine imagingExplanation
Magnification is beneficial in all of the given situations except routine imaging. Routine imaging typically involves capturing a general overview of a patient's body or a specific area, without the need for detailed magnification. However, in the other situations mentioned, magnification is necessary for specific purposes. Imaging the surgical site of a patient with a lumpectomy requires magnification to accurately assess the area. Imaging a specimen radiograph involves magnification to examine the details of the specimen. Evaluating microcalcifications in a lesion also requires magnification to detect and analyze these small structures.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A lesion on the lateral aspect of the breast is not seen on the CC. An additional projection used to image the lesion could be the
- A.
CV
- B.
XCCL
- C.
FB
- D.
TAN
Correct Answer
B. XCCLExplanation
The correct answer is XCCL because it stands for "extra cranial caudal lateral" which is an additional projection used to image a lesion on the lateral aspect of the breast. This projection helps to provide a different angle and view of the lesion, allowing for better visualization and assessment.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Separating the breast from the pectoral muscle is a fatty area called the:
- A.
Inframammary fold
- B.
Retromammary space
- C.
Supporting and connective tissue
- D.
Milk line
Correct Answer
B. Retromammary spaceExplanation
The retromammary space is the correct answer because it refers to the area between the breast and the pectoral muscle that contains fat. This space provides a separation between the breast tissue and the muscle, allowing for movement and flexibility of the breast. The inframammary fold is the crease underneath the breast where it meets the chest wall. Supporting and connective tissue refers to the structures that provide support and shape to the breast. The milk line is a developmental feature that extends from the armpit to the groin and represents the potential sites of breast tissue development.Rate this question:
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- 24.
How often should compression thickness indicator QC be conducted for mobile units?
- A.
After each move and before printing images
- B.
After each move and before examining patients
- C.
After each move and before interpretation
- D.
After each move and before moving again
Correct Answer
B. After each move and before examining patientsExplanation
Compression thickness indicator QC should be conducted after each move and before examining patients. This is important because the compression thickness indicator ensures that the mobile unit is properly calibrated and the compression plates are in the correct position before any imaging is done on the patients. Conducting the QC after each move and before examining patients helps to ensure accurate and reliable imaging results, as any issues with the compression thickness can be identified and resolved before the imaging process begins.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which procedure is performed to obtain cellular material from a suspicious area for cytological analysis?
- A.
Ductography
- B.
Needle localization
- C.
Pneumocystogram
- D.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
Correct Answer
D. Fine needle aspiration (FNA)Explanation
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the procedure performed to obtain cellular material from a suspicious area for cytological analysis. This involves using a thin needle to extract cells from the suspicious area, which are then examined under a microscope to determine if there are any abnormalities or signs of disease. Ductography is a procedure used to examine the ducts of the breast, needle localization is a technique used to guide a needle to a specific area for biopsy, and pneumocystogram is a radiographic examination of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Seventy-seven percent of breast cancers are discovered in women in which age group?
- A.
Age 30 or below
- B.
Above age 50
- C.
Between ages 30 and 40
- D.
Above age 20 but below age 30
Correct Answer
B. Above age 50Explanation
The correct answer is above age 50 because the question asks for the age group in which seventy-seven percent of breast cancers are discovered. This implies that the majority of breast cancers are found in women above the age of 50.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The principle of elastography is that:
- A.
Cancers are relatively hard compared with surrounding breast tissue
- B.
Electric current can travel easily throughout the breast tissue
- C.
Malignant tumors develop numerous new blood vessels
- D.
Radioactive substances have an affinity to malignant cells
Correct Answer
A. Cancers are relatively hard compared with surrounding breast tissueExplanation
The principle of elastography is based on the fact that cancers are relatively hard compared with the surrounding breast tissue. This means that when pressure or compression is applied to the breast, the cancerous tissue will not deform or compress as much as the surrounding normal tissue. By measuring and comparing the stiffness or elasticity of different areas of the breast, elastography can help to identify and locate potential cancerous tumors.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In mammography, collimation is to:
- A.
The detector
- B.
The breast
- C.
One inch beyond skin line
- D.
1/2 inch beyond skin line
Correct Answer
A. The detectorExplanation
Collimation in mammography refers to the process of restricting the X-ray beam to a specific area of interest. It involves adjusting the size and shape of the X-ray beam to match the size and shape of the detector. By collimating the X-ray beam to the detector, unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding tissues is minimized, resulting in a clearer and more accurate image. Therefore, the correct answer is "the detector."Rate this question:
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- 29.
Ultrasound uses
- A.
High-frequency sound waves to image the breast
- B.
Low-frequency sound waves to image the breast
- C.
Longitudinal microwaves to image the breast
- D.
Radiofrequency waves to image the breast
Correct Answer
A. High-frequency sound waves to image the breastExplanation
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to image the breast. These sound waves are emitted by a transducer and penetrate the breast tissue. When the sound waves encounter different tissues, they bounce back and create echoes. These echoes are then converted into images by a computer, allowing healthcare professionals to visualize the internal structures of the breast. High-frequency sound waves are used because they can provide detailed images and are safe for the patient as they do not involve ionizing radiation.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification
- A.
To reduce the resultant loss of image detail
- B.
Because of increased patient dose
- C.
To compensate for the small OID
- D.
To compensate for motion unsharpness
Correct Answer
A. To reduce the resultant loss of image detailExplanation
Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification to reduce the resultant loss of image detail. This is because a small focal spot size produces a sharper image with better resolution, allowing for more accurate visualization of small structures and details. Using a larger focal spot size can result in a loss of image detail, as the larger size may cause blurring or smudging of the image. Therefore, using a small focal spot size helps to minimize this loss and improve the overall quality of the magnified image.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A lesion moved up on the ML projection from it's original position on the MLO. The location of the lesion within the breast is
- A.
Laterally
- B.
Medially
- C.
Inferiorly
- D.
Superiorly
Correct Answer
B. MediallyExplanation
The lesion moved up on the ML projection, indicating a vertical movement. Since it moved from its original position, which was on the MLO (mediolateral oblique) projection, the lesion shifted towards the center of the breast. Therefore, the location of the lesion within the breast is medially.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The patient will not have to authorize the release of biopsy results as required under HIPAA regulation because:
- A.
MQSA inspectors are allowed to authorize the transfer of any patients' records
- B.
HIPAA regulations allow a person subject to FDA jurisdiction to collect patients' biopsy information for MQSA medical outcome audits.
- C.
Generally, on admission to a hospital or medical facility, the patient will sign a release of records agreement authorizing their medical results transfer.
- D.
Patients' medical results can be shared with other facilities.
Correct Answer
B. HIPAA regulations allow a person subject to FDA jurisdiction to collect patients' biopsy information for MQSA medical outcome audits.Explanation
The correct answer is HIPAA regulations allow a person subject to FDA jurisdiction to collect patients' biopsy information for MQSA medical outcome audits. Under HIPAA regulations, the release of medical information requires the patient's authorization. However, in this case, the person collecting the biopsy information is subject to FDA jurisdiction and is conducting medical outcome audits under MQSA. Therefore, they are allowed to collect the patients' biopsy information without the patient's authorization.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of skin lesions, multiple benign hamartomas, and neoplastic growth throughout the body is _____ syndrome.
- A.
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba
- B.
Li-Fraumeni
- C.
Cowden's
- D.
Proteus
Correct Answer
C. Cowden'sExplanation
Cowden's syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of skin lesions, multiple benign hamartomas, and neoplastic growth throughout the body. It is named after the patient in whom the syndrome was first described. This disorder is associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancers, including breast, thyroid, and uterine cancers. It is caused by mutations in the PTEN gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene. The PTEN gene normally helps regulate cell growth and division, but mutations in this gene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The readioactive compound used in BSGI is:
- A.
Fluorodeoxyglucose
- B.
Gadolinium
- C.
99mTC-sestamibi
- D.
Radiation
Correct Answer
C. 99mTC-sestamibiExplanation
The correct answer is 99mTC-sestamibi. BSGI (Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used for breast cancer detection. 99mTC-sestamibi is a radioactive compound that is commonly used in BSGI. It is injected into the patient's bloodstream and taken up by breast cancer cells, allowing for the visualization of any abnormal areas in the breast tissue. Fluorodeoxyglucose is a radioactive compound used in PET scans, while gadolinium is a contrast agent used in MRI scans. Radiation is a general term that refers to the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Postmenopausal obesity is associated with
- A.
A relatively high risk of developing breast cancer
- B.
Overall reduction in breast cancer risks
- C.
Circulating estrogen that is produced in fat tissue
- D.
A lower overall estrogen level
Correct Answer
C. Circulating estrogen that is produced in fat tissueExplanation
Postmenopausal obesity is associated with a relatively high risk of developing breast cancer because fat tissue produces estrogen. After menopause, the ovaries stop producing estrogen, but fat cells continue to produce small amounts of this hormone. Therefore, women who are obese have higher levels of circulating estrogen, which can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. This is why postmenopausal obesity is linked to a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women with lower overall estrogen levels.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Preoperative localization will 1.) direct the surgeon to the area requiring biopsy 2.) help the surgeon to excise a smaller specimen 3.) ensure that the correct area was removed
- A.
1 and 3 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer
D. 1, 2 and 3Explanation
Preoperative localization is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps direct the surgeon to the specific area that requires biopsy, ensuring that the correct tissue is targeted. Secondly, it aids the surgeon in excising a smaller specimen, which can be beneficial for minimizing invasiveness and reducing potential complications. Lastly, preoperative localization is crucial for ensuring that the correct area is removed, preventing unnecessary tissue removal and potential harm to surrounding healthy tissue. Therefore, all three options (1, 2, and 3) are correct.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The range of values over which a system can respond, or the gray-scale range, is:
- A.
Dynamic range
- B.
Absorption efficiency
- C.
Conversion efficiency
- D.
Contrast
Correct Answer
A. Dynamic rangeExplanation
The term "dynamic range" refers to the range of values that a system can effectively respond to. In the context of this question, it specifically refers to the gray-scale range. A system with a high dynamic range is capable of accurately capturing and displaying a wide range of gray-scale values, from the darkest to the brightest. Therefore, dynamic range is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which projection is used to give a profile image of the area in question without superimposition of breast tissue?
- A.
CV
- B.
TAN
- C.
LMO
- D.
AT
Correct Answer
B. TANExplanation
The TAN (Tangential) projection is used to give a profile image of the area in question without superimposition of breast tissue. This projection allows for a clear visualization of the area of interest without any overlapping breast tissue, making it useful for evaluating specific structures or abnormalities in the breast.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The projection used to demonstrate the posterior lateral aspect of the breast not seen on the CC is:
- A.
XCCL
- B.
ML
- C.
LMO
- D.
MLO
Correct Answer
A. XCCLExplanation
The correct answer is MLO. MLO stands for Mediolateral oblique projection, which is a mammographic view used to demonstrate the posterior lateral aspect of the breast. This projection is taken at an angle to the CC (craniocaudal) view, allowing visualization of the breast tissue that is not seen on the CC view alone. XCCL, ML, and LMO are not recognized or commonly used projections in mammography.Rate this question:
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- 40.
All women above the age _________ should perform a BSE regularly.
- A.
20
- B.
30
- C.
40
- D.
50
Correct Answer
A. 20Explanation
Women of all ages should perform a breast self-examination (BSE) regularly to detect any changes or abnormalities in their breasts. It is important to start performing BSE at an early age, such as 20, to establish a baseline and become familiar with the normal look and feel of the breasts. This allows women to better identify any changes or potential signs of breast cancer at an early stage. Regular BSE can help in the early detection of breast cancer and improve the chances of successful treatment.Rate this question:
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- 41.
MRI can be used to 1. map the extent of a tumor 2. image patients with implants 3. evaluate patients with dense breast
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer
D. 1, 2 and 3Explanation
MRI can be used to map the extent of a tumor, as it provides detailed images of the body's soft tissues. It can also be used to image patients with implants, as it does not involve the use of radiation and is therefore safe for individuals with implants. Additionally, MRI can be used to evaluate patients with dense breasts, as it is able to detect abnormalities that may not be visible on a mammogram. Therefore, all three options (1, 2, and 3) are correct.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Key points in imaging on the MLO projection include: 1.) Tube angulation should be between 30 and 70 degrees 2.) The inframammary fold should be closed 3.) Compression must support the anterior breast tissue
- A.
1 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer
C. 1 and 3 onlyExplanation
The MLO (mediolateral oblique) projection is an imaging technique used in mammography. The correct answer suggests that for a successful MLO projection, two key points should be considered. First, the tube angulation should be between 30 and 70 degrees. This ensures that the image captures the desired angle and perspective of the breast tissue. Second, the compression applied during the imaging process must support the anterior breast tissue. This is important to ensure that the breast is properly flattened and positioned for accurate imaging. The inframammary fold being closed is not mentioned as a key point in the question, so it is not included in the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 43.
An imaging technology that measures choline, the functional breast cancer byproduct, is:
- A.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
- B.
Lymphoscintigraphy
- C.
Elastography
- D.
BSGI
Correct Answer
A. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)Explanation
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is the correct answer because it is an imaging technology that can measure choline, which is a functional breast cancer byproduct. MRS uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to detect and quantify specific molecules in the body, including choline. By measuring the levels of choline, MRS can provide valuable information about the presence and characteristics of breast cancer. Lymphoscintigraphy, elastography, and BSGI are not specifically designed to measure choline and are therefore not the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Symptoms of a malignant breast cancer can include 1. skin thickening 2. nipple discharge 3. calcifications
- A.
1 only
- B.
2 and 3 only
- C.
1 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2, and 3
Correct Answer
D. 1, 2, and 3Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3. Symptoms of a malignant breast cancer can include skin thickening, nipple discharge, and calcifications. These symptoms can be indicative of breast cancer and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for further diagnosis and treatment.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The muscle immediately posterior to the breast is the:
- A.
Pectoralis minor muscle
- B.
Pectoralis major muscle
- C.
Serratus anterior muscle
- D.
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Correct Answer
B. Pectoralis major muscleExplanation
The pectoralis major muscle is the correct answer because it is located immediately posterior to the breast. This muscle is a large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the upper part of the chest. It originates from the clavicle, sternum, and ribs and inserts into the upper arm bone. The pectoralis major muscle is responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation.Rate this question:
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- 46.
If a lesion has fewer echoes than surrounding tissue on an ultrasound, the lesion is:
- A.
Hyperechoic
- B.
Hypoechoic
- C.
Echogenic
- D.
Anechoic
Correct Answer
B. HypoechoicExplanation
A hypoechoic lesion on an ultrasound means that it has fewer echoes (less reflective) compared to the surrounding tissue. This indicates that the lesion appears darker or less bright on the ultrasound image.Rate this question:
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- 47.
A barrel-chested patient whose chest wall protrudes outward may have breast tissue extending laterally under the arm. What projection, used to image the breast with the beam directed superiorly to inferiorly, should be taken in addition to the CC?
- A.
AT
- B.
XCCL
- C.
CV
- D.
MLO
Correct Answer
B. XCCLExplanation
The correct answer is XCCL. The XCCL projection, also known as the exaggerated craniocaudal lateral, is used to image the breast with the beam directed superiorly to inferiorly. This projection is necessary for a barrel-chested patient whose chest wall protrudes outward because it allows for better visualization of breast tissue extending laterally under the arm.Rate this question:
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- 48.
A technology that uses low-level electric currents to "map" the breast is:
- A.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- B.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
- C.
Bioelectric imaging or electrical impedance scanning (EIS)
- D.
Positron emission mammography
Correct Answer
A. Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyExplanation
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a technology that uses low-level electric currents to "map" the breast. MRS is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed information about the chemical composition of tissues. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate signals from different molecules in the body, allowing for the detection of abnormalities in breast tissue. Unlike the other options listed, MRS specifically utilizes low-level electric currents for breast mapping.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Hormone replacement therapy could be recommended to? 1.) relieve insomnia symptoms 2.) prevent osteoporosis 3.) reduce weight gain
- A.
1 only
- B.
1 and 2 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer
B. 1 and 2 onlyExplanation
Hormone replacement therapy could be recommended to relieve insomnia symptoms and prevent osteoporosis. This therapy involves replacing hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, that the body no longer produces enough of. Insomnia symptoms can be caused by hormonal imbalances, and hormone replacement therapy can help regulate these hormones and improve sleep. Additionally, estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health, and hormone replacement therapy can help prevent osteoporosis by increasing bone density. However, there is no evidence to suggest that hormone replacement therapy can effectively reduce weight gain.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Parity refers to:
- A.
The condition of being pregnant or having delivered a child
- B.
Not having any children
- C.
Paring or removal of portions of the breast
- D.
Breast tissue that is not the same
Correct Answer
A. The condition of being pregnant or having delivered a childExplanation
The term "parity" refers to the condition of being pregnant or having delivered a child. It is used in the context of obstetrics to describe the number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus or fetuses, regardless of the outcome. Parity is an important factor in assessing a woman's reproductive history and can influence future pregnancies and childbirth.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Apr 19, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Apr 29, 2019Quiz Created by
Carrie Ann
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