Surgical Tech (Appleton & Lange) Part 2

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    A laboratory procedure useful in classifying bacteria using a staining procedure is

    • Gram stain
    • Iodine stain
    • Acid fast stain
    • Differential stain
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Surgical Technology Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

Questions from the Appleton and Lange workbook study guide part 2 questions 101-200.

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  • 2. 

    A severe allergic raction possible resulting is death is called

    • Arthus reaction

    • Hypersensibility

    • Anaphylactic shock

    • Autoimmune disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Anaphylactic shock
    Explanation
    Anaphylactic shock is the correct answer because it refers to a severe allergic reaction that can potentially lead to death. This reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, releasing a large amount of chemicals that cause a rapid and severe response throughout the body. Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure. Immediate medical attention is required to treat anaphylactic shock and prevent further complications.

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  • 3. 

    The bacteria highly resistant to sterilization and disinfection is

    • Spores

    • Fungus

    • Gran-positive

    • Pseudomonas

    Correct Answer
    A. Spores
    Explanation
    Spores are highly resistant to sterilization and disinfection due to their unique protective structures and mechanisms. Spores are dormant forms of bacteria that are able to withstand extreme conditions such as heat, radiation, and chemicals. They have a tough outer layer called the spore coat, which provides resistance against environmental stresses. Additionally, spores have low metabolic activity, making them less susceptible to the effects of disinfectants. This high resistance allows spores to survive in harsh environments and makes them difficult to eliminate through standard sterilization and disinfection methods.

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  • 4. 

    A bacteria found in the intestinal tract is

    • Escherichia coli

    • Bordetella pertussis

    • Franciscella tularensis

    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae

    Correct Answer
    A. Escherichia coli
    Explanation
    Escherichia coli is a bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. It is a normal part of the gut microbiota and plays a role in digestion and nutrient absorption. However, certain strains of E. coli can cause infections, particularly in the urinary tract and gastrointestinal system. E. coli is also used extensively in scientific research and is a well-studied organism.

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  • 5. 

    The perineum is

    • A thin tissue stretching across the vagina

    • The region anterior to the clitoris

    • The lower portion of the uterus

    • The area between the vagina and the anus

    Correct Answer
    A. The area between the vagina and the anus
    Explanation
    The perineum is the area between the vagina and the anus. It is a small, diamond-shaped region of skin and muscle that provides support to the pelvic organs and helps control bowel and bladder functions. It is also an important area during childbirth, as it stretches to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal.

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  • 6. 

    The small, sensitive structure of the female homologous to the male penis is the

    • Hymen

    • Clitoris

    • Perineum

    • Vestibule

    Correct Answer
    A. Clitoris
    Explanation
    The correct answer is clitoris. The clitoris is a small, sensitive structure in the female reproductive system that is homologous to the male penis. It is located at the top of the vulva, above the urethra. The clitoris is highly sensitive to sexual stimulation and is an important organ for sexual pleasure in women.

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  • 7. 

    Removal of contaminated debris from a wound is called

    • Decontamination

    • Debridement

    • Dehiscence

    • Desiccation

    Correct Answer
    A. Debridement
    Explanation
    Debridement refers to the removal of contaminated debris from a wound. This process is crucial to promote healing and prevent infection. By removing dead tissue, foreign objects, and bacteria, debridement helps clean the wound and allows for proper healing. It can be done through various methods, such as surgical, mechanical, enzymatic, or autolytic debridement, depending on the nature and severity of the wound.

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  • 8. 

    The kidneys ar positioned

    • Intraperitoneally

    • Retroperitoneally

    • In front of the parietal peritoneum

    • In back of the visceral peritoneum

    Correct Answer
    A. Retroperitoneally
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "retroperitoneally." The kidneys are located behind the parietal peritoneum, which is the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity. They are situated in a retroperitoneal position, meaning they are positioned outside the peritoneum and are covered by a layer of connective tissue called the renal fascia. This arrangement helps protect the kidneys from potential trauma and allows them to maintain a more stable position within the body.

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  • 9. 

    Keloids are

    • A form of abscess

    • An adhered serous membrane

    • A raised, thickened scar

    • A benign tumor

    Correct Answer
    A. A raised, thickened scar
    Explanation
    Keloids are raised, thickened scars that form due to an overgrowth of collagen in the skin during the healing process. Unlike regular scars, keloids extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound and can be larger, firmer, and more raised. They are usually caused by excessive collagen production in response to skin injuries, such as surgical incisions, burns, acne, or piercings. Keloids are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, but they can be itchy, painful, and cosmetically undesirable. Treatment options for keloids include corticosteroid injections, silicone sheets, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgery.

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  • 10. 

    Ova are swept into the fallopian tubes by small, fringelike extensions on the distal ends of the tubes called

    • Ostium

    • Fimbriae

    • Oviducts

    • Stroma

    Correct Answer
    A. Fimbriae
    Explanation
    The correct answer is fimbriae. Fimbriae are small, fringelike extensions located at the distal ends of the fallopian tubes. They help to sweep the ova (eggs) into the fallopian tubes, where fertilization can occur.

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  • 11. 

    The inner lining of the uterus is called the

    • Endometrium

    • Serosa

    • Myometrium

    • Oocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Endometrium
    Explanation
    The inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium. This is the layer of tissue that thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle, and it is where a fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy. The endometrium is rich in blood vessels and glands, which provide nutrients and support for a developing embryo.

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  • 12. 

    The loose skin covering the glans penis like a sheath is called the

    • Crura

    • Prepuce

    • Bulb

    • Tunica albuginea

    Correct Answer
    A. Prepuce
    Explanation
    The loose skin covering the glans penis is called the prepuce. It acts as a protective covering for the sensitive glans and can be retracted during sexual activity or hygiene practices. The prepuce is also commonly known as the foreskin and is present in males who have not undergone circumcision.

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  • 13. 

    A fulminating infection arising from necrotic tissue and spreading rapidly is

    • Rabies

    • Gas gangrene

    • Pasteurellosis

    • Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Gas gangrene
    Explanation
    Gas gangrene is a type of infection that occurs when bacteria invade damaged or dead tissue, causing it to decay and release gas. This infection spreads rapidly and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The symptoms of gas gangrene include severe pain, swelling, and a foul-smelling discharge from the affected area. Prompt surgical intervention and aggressive antibiotic therapy are necessary to remove the infected tissue and control the spread of the infection.

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  • 14. 

    The smooth, triangular area at the bottom of the bladder that contains three openings is called the

    • Internal sphincter

    • Urinary meatus

    • Trigone

    • External os

    Correct Answer
    A. Trigone
    Explanation
    The smooth, triangular area at the bottom of the bladder that contains three openings is called the trigone. The trigone is an important anatomical landmark in the bladder as it helps to prevent urine reflux and aids in the emptying of the bladder. It is formed by the two ureteral openings and the urethral opening, and its smooth muscle fibers help to maintain continence by acting as a natural sphincter. The internal sphincter is a different structure located at the neck of the bladder, the urinary meatus is the external opening of the urethra, and the external os is a term used in relation to the cervix.

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  • 15. 

    The digestive passageway that begins at the pharynx and terminates in the stomach is the

    • Larynx

    • Trachea

    • Windpipe

    • Esophagus

    Correct Answer
    A. Esophagus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. It serves as a passageway for food and liquids to travel from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. The larynx, trachea, and windpipe are all part of the respiratory system, not the digestive system.

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  • 16. 

    A lack of voluntary control over micturition is called

    • Retention

    • Urination

    • Incontinence

    • Suppression

    Correct Answer
    A. Incontinence
    Explanation
    Incontinence refers to a lack of voluntary control over micturition, which means the inability to control or hold urine. This condition can result in involuntary leakage of urine, causing embarrassment and inconvenience for individuals. Retention, on the other hand, refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. Urination is the process of releasing urine from the body, and suppression refers to the act of intentionally holding back or restraining the urge to urinate. Therefore, the correct answer is incontinence.

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  • 17. 

    Urine empties from the bladder through a tube called the

    • Urethra

    • Urinary meatus

    • Urethral meatus

    • External urethral sphincter

    Correct Answer
    A. Urethra
    Explanation
    The correct answer is urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It serves as a pathway for the elimination of urine during the process of urination. The other options mentioned, such as urinary meatus, urethral meatus, and external urethral sphincter, are not the correct terms for the tube through which urine empties from the bladder.

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  • 18. 

    Oxygen-dependent bacteria are said to be

    • Anaerobic

    • Bacillic

    • Antibiotic

    • Aerobic

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerobic
    Explanation
    Oxygen-dependent bacteria are said to be aerobic because they require oxygen to survive and carry out their metabolic processes. These bacteria use oxygen as a final electron acceptor in their respiration, which allows them to generate energy efficiently. Without oxygen, these bacteria would not be able to function properly and may even die. Therefore, the correct answer is aerobic.

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  • 19. 

    Tiny blood essels that permeate and nourish tissue are called

    • Veins

    • Venules

    • Arterioles

    • Capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillaries
    Explanation
    Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that permeate and nourish tissues. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls, allowing for easy diffusion of substances. Veins carry blood back to the heart, venules are small veins, and arterioles are small arteries. However, only capillaries are specifically described as tiny blood vessels that permeate and nourish tissue.

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  • 20. 

    The function of the molar teeth is to

    • Tear and crush food

    • Crush and grind food

    • Cut food

    • Manipulate food

    Correct Answer
    A. Crush and grind food
    Explanation
    The molar teeth are located at the back of the mouth and have a flat surface with ridges, which are ideal for crushing and grinding food. This process helps to break down the food into smaller particles, making it easier to swallow and digest. The tearing and cutting of food are typically done by the incisors and canines, which are located at the front of the mouth. Therefore, the molar teeth specifically serve the purpose of crushing and grinding food.

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  • 21. 

    Staphylococcus aureus would most likely be transmitted by

    • Urine

    • Feces

    • Nose and mouth

    • Sex organs

    Correct Answer
    A. Nose and mouth
    Explanation
    Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium commonly found in the nose and mouth of individuals. It can be easily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This bacterium can also spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or personal items. Therefore, nose and mouth would be the most likely route of transmission for Staphylococcus aureus.

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  • 22. 

    Herpes simplex is commonly called

    • Cold sore

    • Shingles

    • Smallpox

    • Chicken pox

    Correct Answer
    A. Cold sore
    Explanation
    Herpes simplex is commonly called a cold sore because it is a viral infection that causes small, fluid-filled blisters to appear on or around the lips. These blisters are often painful and can be accompanied by itching or burning sensations. The virus is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with the blisters or by sharing personal items such as towels or razors. While cold sores are not usually serious, they can be uncomfortable and may take several weeks to heal. Treatment options include antiviral medications and over-the-counter creams to alleviate symptoms.

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  • 23. 

    The appendix is attached to the

    • Ascending colon

    • Transverse colon

    • Cecum

    • Descending colon

    Correct Answer
    A. Cecum
    Explanation
    The appendix is a small, finger-like pouch located at the beginning of the large intestine. It is attached to the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine. The cecum is a pouch-like structure that connects the small intestine to the colon. The appendix is attached to the cecum and serves as a reservoir for beneficial bacteria and lymphoid tissue, which helps in immune function.

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  • 24. 

    The primary function of the gallbladder is

    • Storage of bile

    • Production of bile

    • Digestion of fats

    • Drainage of the liver

    Correct Answer
    A. Storage of bile
    Explanation
    The gallbladder's primary function is to store bile. Bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder collects and concentrates bile, releasing it into the small intestine when needed to aid in the breakdown of fats. This storage function allows the body to have a reserve of bile, ensuring a consistent supply for the digestion of fats.

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  • 25. 

    The yellow tinge in the skin symptomatic of obstructivejaundice is caused by the accumulation of what substance in the blood and tissue?

    • Cholesterol

    • Bile salts

    • Enzymes

    • Bilirubin

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilirubin
    Explanation
    Obstructive jaundice is a condition where there is a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing the normal flow of bile. Bile is a substance produced by the liver, which contains bilirubin. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is formed when red blood cells are broken down. In obstructive jaundice, the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues leads to the yellow tinge in the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is bilirubin.

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  • 26. 

    The salivary glands located under the tongue are the

    • Subungual

    • Sublingual

    • Submaxillary

    • Parotid

    Correct Answer
    A. Sublingual
    Explanation
    The correct answer is sublingual. The sublingual glands are the salivary glands located under the tongue. They secrete saliva into the mouth through multiple ducts. These glands play a role in lubricating the oral cavity and aiding in the digestion of food.

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  • 27. 

    Microbial death occurs when an organism is

    • Reproducing at a slower rate

    • Reduced in population

    • No longer capable of reproduction

    • Exposed to heat

    Correct Answer
    A. No longer capable of reproduction
    Explanation
    Microbial death occurs when an organism is no longer capable of reproduction. This means that the organism has lost its ability to produce offspring or replicate its genetic material, leading to the end of its life cycle. Without the ability to reproduce, the organism cannot continue its population or pass on its genetic information to future generations. This is a critical factor in determining the survival and persistence of microbial populations.

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  • 28. 

    Which structure lies retroperitoneally?

    • Sigmoid colon

    • Spleen

    • Liver

    • Kidney

    Correct Answer
    A. Kidney
    Explanation
    The kidney lies retroperitoneally. This means that it is located behind the peritoneum, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The retroperitoneal space is located outside the peritoneal cavity, which houses organs such as the liver, spleen, and sigmoid colon. The kidney's retroperitoneal position helps protect it from external forces and allows for its proper functioning in filtering and excreting waste products from the body.

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  • 29. 

    Passage of fluid through a cell membrane is called

    • Metosis

    • Miosis

    • Osmosis

    • Symbiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Osmosis
    Explanation
    Osmosis is the correct answer because it refers to the passage of fluid through a cell membrane. It is a process in which water molecules move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, across a selectively permeable membrane. This movement occurs to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis is an important process for maintaining the balance of water and solutes within cells and is essential for various biological functions.

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  • 30. 

    The body's first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens is

    • The immune response

    • Skin and mucous membrane linings

    • Cellular and chemical responses

    • Phagocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Skin and mucous membrane linings
    Explanation
    The body's first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens is the skin and mucous membrane linings. These physical barriers act as a protective barrier, preventing pathogens from entering the body. The skin acts as a tough outer layer, while mucous membrane linings line the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. They secrete mucus, which traps pathogens and prevents them from entering the body. Additionally, these barriers also contain antimicrobial substances that can kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens, providing an additional layer of defense.

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  • 31. 

    Rodlike shaped bacteria are identified microscopically as

    • Bacilli

    • Cocci

    • Spirilla

    • Spirochetes

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacilli
    Explanation
    Rodlike shaped bacteria are identified microscopically as bacilli because bacilli are bacteria that have a cylindrical or rod-like shape. They are typically longer than they are wide and can be found as single cells or in chains. Cocci are spherical-shaped bacteria, spirilla are spiral-shaped bacteria, and spirochetes are corkscrew-shaped bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is bacilli.

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  • 32. 

    A procedure used to remove damaged tissue that provides growth conditions for pathogens is called

    • Incision and drainage

    • Dessication

    • Lysis of adhesions

    • Debridement

    Correct Answer
    A. Debridement
    Explanation
    Debridement is a procedure used to remove damaged tissue, such as dead or infected tissue, from a wound or injury site. By removing this tissue, debridement helps to create a clean and healthy environment for healing and prevents the growth of pathogens. It is an important step in wound care and can be done through various methods, including surgical, mechanical, enzymatic, or autolytic debridement.

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  • 33. 

    The s-shaped bend in the lower colon is called the

    • Hepatic flexure

    • Splenic flexure

    • Rectum

    • Sigmoid

    Correct Answer
    A. Sigmoid
    Explanation
    The correct answer is sigmoid. The sigmoid is the S-shaped bend in the lower colon. It is located between the descending colon and the rectum. The sigmoid colon is responsible for the final stages of the digestive process, where water and electrolytes are absorbed from the remaining waste material before it is eliminated from the body.

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  • 34. 

    The spleen is located

    • In the left hypochondriac region

    • Behind the liver

    • Behind the left kidney

    • Behind the right kidney

    Correct Answer
    A. In the left hypochondriac region
    Explanation
    The spleen is located in the left hypochondriac region. This region is situated on the left side of the abdomen, just below the rib cage. The spleen is an organ that is part of the lymphatic system and plays a role in filtering and storing blood, as well as producing white blood cells. Its location in the left hypochondriac region allows for easy access to blood vessels and lymphatic channels, facilitating its functions within the body.

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  • 35. 

    A bacterial pathogen most frequently invading damaged skin is

    • Staphylococcus aureus

    • Clostridium tetani

    • Pseudomonas septica

    • Candida albicans

    Correct Answer
    A. Staphylococcus aureus
    Explanation
    Staphylococcus aureus is the correct answer because it is a common bacterial pathogen that often invades damaged skin. It is known to cause a variety of infections, including skin infections such as boils, abscesses, and cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus can easily enter the body through cuts, wounds, or other breaks in the skin, making it a frequent invader of damaged skin. Other options like Clostridium tetani, Pseudomonas septica, and Candida albicans are not typically associated with invading damaged skin.

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  • 36. 

    The wall or partition dividing the heart into right and left sides is called the

    • Semilunar valve

    • Mitral valve

    • Chordae tendineae

    • Septum

    Correct Answer
    A. Septum
    Explanation
    The wall or partition dividing the heart into right and left sides is called the septum. The septum separates the two sides of the heart, ensuring that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency of the circulatory system by directing blood flow to the appropriate chambers of the heart. The other options, such as the semilunar valve, mitral valve, and chordae tendineae, are not correct in this context as they refer to different structures within the heart.

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  • 37. 

    The large central portion of the stomach is called the

    • Pylorus

    • Body

    • Fundus

    • Cardia

    Correct Answer
    A. Body
    Explanation
    The large central portion of the stomach is called the body. The body of the stomach is responsible for storing and breaking down food, as well as mixing it with digestive enzymes and acids. It is located between the fundus (the upper part of the stomach) and the pylorus (the lower part of the stomach). The body of the stomach expands and contracts to accommodate the amount of food being consumed, and it plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 38. 

    Fertilization occurs in the

    • Fallopian tubes

    • Uterus

    • Ovary

    • Gonads

    Correct Answer
    A. Fallopian tubes
    Explanation
    Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm meets the egg. After sexual intercourse, the sperm travels through the cervix and into the fallopian tubes, where it can encounter and fertilize the egg if it is present. The fertilized egg then implants itself in the uterus for further development. The ovaries produce eggs, but fertilization does not occur within them. The gonads refer to the reproductive organs, which include the ovaries in females, but this term does not specifically indicate where fertilization occurs.

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  • 39. 

    The inner lining of the heart, composed of smooth, delicate membrane, is called the

    • Pericardium

    • Endocardium

    • Epicardium

    • Myocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocardium
    Explanation
    The inner lining of the heart is called the endocardium. It is composed of a smooth and delicate membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves. The endocardium helps to reduce friction as blood flows through the heart and also plays a role in preventing blood clots from forming.

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  • 40. 

    The area in the duodenum where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty is called

    • The duct of Santorini

    • The ampulla of Vater

    • Wirsung's duct

    • The islet of Langerhans

    Correct Answer
    A. The ampulla of Vater
    Explanation
    The area in the duodenum where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty is called the ampulla of Vater. This structure acts as a junction point for the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine. It is named after Abraham Vater, a German anatomist who first described it in the 18th century. The ampulla of Vater plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats and proteins.

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  • 41. 

    In a male, the structure surrounding the entrance to the urethra just below the urinary bladder is

    • Cowper's gland

    • The prostate gland

    • The bulbourethral gland

    • The seminal vesicle

    Correct Answer
    A. The prostate gland
    Explanation
    The structure surrounding the entrance to the urethra just below the urinary bladder in a male is the prostate gland. The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland that produces seminal fluid, which helps nourish and transport sperm. It is located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. The prostate gland plays a crucial role in male reproductive function and can be prone to conditions such as prostate enlargement or cancer.

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  • 42. 

    All of the following descriptors refer to the inflammatory process EXCEPT

    • Heat

    • Pain

    • Vasoconstriction

    • Edema

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasoconstriction
    Explanation
    The inflammatory process is characterized by several descriptors, including heat, pain, and edema. These descriptors are commonly associated with inflammation as they represent the body's response to injury or infection. Vasoconstriction, on the other hand, refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which is not typically associated with the inflammatory process. Instead, vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels, is more commonly observed during inflammation as it allows for increased blood flow to the affected area. Therefore, vasoconstriction is the exception among the given descriptors.

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  • 43. 

    The space caused by separation of wound edges is called

    • Lag phase

    • Evisceration

    • Fibrous scarring

    • Dead space

    Correct Answer
    A. Dead space
    Explanation
    Dead space refers to the space that is created when wound edges separate. This space can occur due to various reasons such as improper wound closure, tissue loss, or inadequate suturing. Dead space can hinder the healing process as it can lead to the accumulation of fluid or blood, which can increase the risk of infection and delay wound healing. Therefore, it is important to minimize dead space during wound closure to promote optimal healing.

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  • 44. 

    The reabsorption of water and electrolytes is the main function of the

    • Sigmoid colon

    • Large intestine

    • Small intestine

    • Liver

    Correct Answer
    A. Large intestine
    Explanation
    The large intestine is responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. This is an important function as it helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and preventing dehydration. The large intestine also plays a role in the formation of feces by absorbing water from the undigested food material that passes through it. Additionally, it houses a large number of beneficial bacteria that aid in the digestion of certain substances and produce vitamins. Overall, the large intestine is crucial for the final stages of digestion and the absorption of essential nutrients.

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  • 45. 

    The point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm is called the

    • Hiatus

    • Meatus

    • Sphincter

    • Fundus

    Correct Answer
    A. Hiatus
    Explanation
    The point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm is called the hiatus. The hiatus is a natural opening in the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to pass through and connect to the stomach. It is important for the proper functioning of the digestive system, as it allows food and liquids to pass from the esophagus into the stomach.

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  • 46. 

    The clinical syndrome characterized by microbial invasion of the bloodstream is

    • Superinfection

    • Septicemia

    • Cross-infection

    • Cellulitis

    Correct Answer
    A. Septicemia
    Explanation
    Septicemia is the correct answer because it refers to the clinical syndrome characterized by the invasion of microorganisms into the bloodstream. It is a serious condition that can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening response of the body to infection. Superinfection refers to a secondary infection that occurs during or after a primary infection, cross-infection refers to the transmission of infection between individuals, and cellulitis is a localized skin infection.

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  • 47. 

    Clostridium tetani causes

    • Gangrene

    • Nosocomial infection

    • Lockjaw

    • Malaria

    Correct Answer
    A. Lockjaw
    Explanation
    Clostridium tetani is a bacterium that causes tetanus, also known as lockjaw. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system, causing muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw muscles. This condition can lead to difficulty in opening the mouth, hence the term "lockjaw". It is important to note that Clostridium tetani does not cause gangrene, nosocomial infection, or malaria.

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  • 48. 

    Inflammation is characterized by pain, redness, heat, swelling, and loss of function. The redness can be attributed to

    • Serum brought into the area

    • Constriction of capillaries

    • Vasodilation bringing more blood to the area

    • Heat from metabolic reaction

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasodilation bringing more blood to the area
    Explanation
    Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow to a specific area. In the case of inflammation, vasodilation occurs in response to injury or infection, bringing more blood to the affected area. This increased blood flow contributes to the redness and heat associated with inflammation. It also helps deliver immune cells and nutrients to the site, aiding in the healing process.

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  • 49. 

    The portion of small intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas and the liver is the

    • Ileum

    • Jejunum

    • Duodenum

    • Pylorus

    Correct Answer
    A. Duodenum
    Explanation
    The duodenum is the portion of the small intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas and the liver. It is the first part of the small intestine and plays a crucial role in the digestion process. The pancreas releases digestive enzymes and the liver secretes bile into the duodenum to aid in the breakdown of fats and proteins. This allows for the absorption of nutrients from the digested food in the subsequent parts of the small intestine.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
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  • Oct 04, 2012
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    Tigger28384

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