Science Ips/Ibs Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What are the base units for the following measurements?a) mass b) volume (liquid) c) length
- A.
A) grams b) liters c) meters
- B.
A) ounces b) fluid ounces c) rulers
- C.
A) kilograms b) liters c) centimeters
- D.
A) lbs b) gallons c) inches
Correct Answer
A. A) grams b) liters c) metersExplanation
The base unit for mass is grams, as it is the standard unit used to measure the amount of matter in an object. The base unit for volume (liquid) is liters, which is used to measure the amount of space occupied by a liquid. The base unit for length is meters, which is used to measure the distance between two points.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- A.
There is no such thing as a scientific method.
- B.
Conclude, analyze, gather data ,problem, answer
- C.
Problem, hypothesis, experiment, gather data, analyze, conclude
- D.
Problem, experiment, clean-up, hypothesis, analyze, change your hypothesis
Correct Answer
C. Problem, hypothesis, experiment, gather data, analyze, concludeExplanation
The correct answer is problem, hypothesis, experiment, gather data, analyze, conclude. This sequence of steps represents the scientific method, which is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate and understand natural phenomena. It starts with identifying a problem or question, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data from the experiment, and finally drawing conclusions based on the results. This method allows for a logical and objective approach to studying and understanding the world around us.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What changes as a result of the independent variable?
- A.
Dependent variable
- B.
Control group
- C.
Hypothesis
- D.
The problem
Correct Answer
A. Dependent variableExplanation
The dependent variable is the variable that is expected to change as a result of manipulating the independent variable. It is the outcome or response that is measured or observed in an experiment. In other words, it is the variable that is being studied or tested to see how it is influenced by the independent variable. The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable, as any changes in the independent variable can directly affect the dependent variable.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is current?
- A.
Opposition of a circuit to the flow of electric current
- B.
The flow of electricity through a conductor
- C.
The voltage
- D.
The same thing as a cation
Correct Answer
B. The flow of electricity through a conductorExplanation
The correct answer is "the flow of electricity through a conductor". Current refers to the movement of electric charge, specifically the flow of electrons through a conductor. It is a measure of the rate at which charge is flowing and is typically measured in units of amperes (A).Rate this question:
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- 5.
The force of attraction or repulsion is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. This states:
- A.
Coulomb's Law
- B.
Ohm's Law
- C.
The Law of Conservation of Energy
- D.
The third law of thermodynamics
Correct Answer
A. Coulomb's LawExplanation
Coulomb's Law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. This means that the greater the charges of the objects and the closer they are to each other, the stronger the force of attraction or repulsion will be. This law is used to calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force between charged particles and is essential in understanding the behavior of electric fields and electric currents.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the equation used to represent Ohm's Law?
- A.
F=ma
- B.
E=mc2
- C.
V=I x R
- D.
2+2=4
Correct Answer
C. V=I x RExplanation
Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. This relationship is represented by the equation V=I x R, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The definition of amplitude is:
- A.
The maximum displacement of a periodic wave
- B.
The number of occurances within a given period
- C.
The distance between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave
- D.
Change in the observed frequency of a wave occuring when the scource whizzes past the observer
Correct Answer
A. The maximum displacement of a periodic waveExplanation
The amplitude of a periodic wave refers to the maximum displacement of the wave from its equilibrium position. It represents the distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the wave. The greater the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries. Therefore, the correct answer is "the maximum displacement of a periodic wave."Rate this question:
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- 8.
Light is a a)________ and sound is a b)_________.
- A.
A) longitudinal wave b) transverse wave
- B.
A) transverse wave b) longitudinal wave
- C.
A) solid b) liquid
- D.
A) proton b) electron
Correct Answer
B. A) transverse wave b) longitudinal waveExplanation
Light is a transverse wave because it oscillates perpendicular to the direction of its propagation. Sound, on the other hand, is a longitudinal wave because it oscillates parallel to the direction of its propagation.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Refraction is:
- A.
The turning or bending of any wave as it passes from one medium to another
- B.
A disturbance that moves through a medium
- C.
When two waves collide
- D.
The medium a wave travels through
Correct Answer
A. The turning or bending of any wave as it passes from one medium to anotherExplanation
Refraction is the turning or bending of any wave as it passes from one medium to another. This phenomenon occurs because the speed of the wave changes when it transitions from one medium to another with a different refractive index. As a result, the wave changes direction, causing it to bend. This can be observed, for example, when light passes from air to water, causing the light to change direction and appear to be bent. Refraction is a fundamental concept in physics and is responsible for various optical phenomena.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Sound travels best through:
- A.
Solids
- B.
Liquids
- C.
Vacuums
- D.
Gases
Correct Answer
A. SolidsExplanation
Sound travels best through solids because the particles in solids are tightly packed and closely connected, allowing sound waves to easily pass through. In solids, the molecules can vibrate more efficiently, transmitting the sound energy from one particle to another. Liquids and gases have more space between their particles, which results in less efficient transmission of sound waves. Vacuums, on the other hand, have no particles to transmit sound waves, so sound cannot travel through them.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Waves transfer:
- A.
Particles and energy
- B.
Nothing
- C.
Particles
- D.
Energy
Correct Answer
D. EnergyExplanation
Waves transfer energy. When a wave travels through a medium, it causes the particles in the medium to vibrate, transmitting energy from one point to another. This energy can be in the form of mechanical waves, such as sound waves or water waves, or electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio waves. The movement of particles in a wave is not permanent, as they oscillate back and forth around their equilibrium positions, but the energy is transferred continuously along the wave.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What do you hear when sound is reflected?
- A.
The doppler effect
- B.
Beats
- C.
Echo
- D.
Cataracts of the eyes
Correct Answer
C. EchoExplanation
When sound is reflected, it creates an echo. An echo is a repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves off a surface. This phenomenon occurs when the original sound wave travels to a surface and bounces back towards the source, creating a delayed and softer version of the original sound. The echo can be heard as a distinct repetition of the sound, often with a slight delay depending on the distance between the source and the reflecting surface.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is NOT a reason for why sunsets are red?
- A.
Blues and purples get scattered at sunset
- B.
Red has the longest wavelength
- C.
The sun is at an angle where it has to travel through the most atmsophere
- D.
Red is a form of ultraviolet radiation
Correct Answer
D. Red is a form of ultraviolet radiationExplanation
The correct answer is red is a form of ultraviolet radiation. This answer is incorrect because red is not a form of ultraviolet radiation. Red light has a longer wavelength compared to ultraviolet radiation. Sunsets appear red because as the sun sets, its light has to pass through a larger portion of the Earth's atmosphere, causing the shorter wavelength colors like blue and purple to scatter, while the longer wavelength colors like red are able to reach our eyes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is tempreture?
- A.
The average potential energy
- B.
The average kinetic energy
- C.
The total potential and kinetic energy
- D.
The same thing as thermal energy
Correct Answer
B. The average kinetic energyExplanation
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. As the particles move, they possess kinetic energy, and temperature measures the average amount of this energy. Therefore, the answer "the average kinetic energy" accurately describes what temperature is.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Burning paper is...
- A.
A chemical reaction
- B.
A physical property
- C.
A physical reaction
- D.
Nuclear fusion
Correct Answer
A. A chemical reactionExplanation
Burning paper is a chemical reaction because it involves a change in the chemical composition of the paper. When paper burns, it undergoes combustion, which is a chemical process where the paper reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other combustion byproducts. This chemical reaction results in the release of heat and light. Therefore, burning paper cannot be classified as a physical property or a physical reaction, as it involves a chemical transformation.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Water has a _____ specific heat capacity.
- A.
High
- B.
Low
- C.
Unknown
- D.
Nonexistant
Correct Answer
A. HighExplanation
Water has a high specific heat capacity because it takes a relatively large amount of energy to raise its temperature. This means that water can absorb a significant amount of heat without undergoing a large increase in temperature. Additionally, water has a high specific heat capacity due to its hydrogen bonding, which allows it to absorb and release heat energy efficiently. This property of water is important in regulating Earth's temperature, as it helps to stabilize the climate and maintain suitable conditions for life.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Is absolute zero attainable?
- A.
No
- B.
Yes
- C.
Sometimes
- D.
Only in Canada
Correct Answer
A. NoExplanation
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, at which all molecular motion ceases. According to the laws of thermodynamics, it is theoretically impossible to reach absolute zero as it would require removing all heat energy from a system. However, scientists have been able to achieve temperatures very close to absolute zero, but never actually reaching it. Therefore, the correct answer is "no".Rate this question:
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- 18.
Why does a penny become hot when struck by a hammer?
- A.
Energy is transferred from the penny to the hammer
- B.
The hammer is a diffrent metal than the penny
- C.
Energy is transferred from the hammer to the penny
- D.
The penny is able to generate its own heat
Correct Answer
C. Energy is transferred from the hammer to the pennyExplanation
When a penny is struck by a hammer, the energy from the hammer is transferred to the penny. This transfer of energy causes the molecules in the penny to move faster, resulting in an increase in temperature. The kinetic energy from the hammer is converted into thermal energy in the penny, causing it to become hot.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Heat is measured in:
- A.
Degrees Celsius
- B.
Joules or calories
- C.
Meters
- D.
Newtons
Correct Answer
B. Joules or caloriesExplanation
Heat is a form of energy, and it can be measured in joules or calories. Joules are the standard unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI), while calories are a commonly used unit in the field of nutrition and food science. Both joules and calories are used to quantify the amount of heat energy transferred or released during a physical or chemical process. Therefore, either joules or calories can be used to measure heat accurately.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Metals are located to the _____ of the periodic table.
- A.
Left
- B.
Right
- C.
There are no metals in the periodic table, trick question
- D.
Top half
Correct Answer
A. LeftExplanation
Metals are located to the left of the periodic table because they tend to have properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and luster. These characteristics are due to the presence of loosely held electrons in their outermost energy level, which allows them to easily conduct heat and electricity. Therefore, metals are grouped together on the left side of the periodic table, while nonmetals and metalloids are found on the right.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Noble gases have ______ valence electrons.
- A.
8
- B.
1
- C.
0
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 8Explanation
Noble gases have 8 valence electrons. This is because noble gases have a full outer electron shell, which gives them stability and makes them less likely to react with other elements. The full outer shell consists of 8 electrons, except for helium which has only 2. This configuration makes noble gases chemically inert and less likely to form compounds.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What type of bond uses prefixes whern being named?
- A.
Metallic
- B.
Ionic
- C.
Covalent
- D.
None
Correct Answer
C. CovalentExplanation
Covalent bonds use prefixes when being named. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to form a bond. The prefixes indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule. For example, in carbon dioxide (CO2), the prefix "di-" indicates that there are two oxygen atoms bonded to one carbon atom. This naming convention helps to accurately represent the composition of covalent compounds.Rate this question:
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- 23.
How do we balance equations?
- A.
By adding coefficients
- B.
By adding subscripts
- C.
By adding superscripts
- D.
By adding another element to the reactants side
Correct Answer
A. By adding coefficientsExplanation
We balance equations by adding coefficients. This means adjusting the numbers in front of the chemical formulas to ensure that the same number of atoms of each element is present on both sides of the equation. By adding coefficients, we can ensure that the equation obeys the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Isomers:
- A.
Have the same chemical formula, but different arrangement of atoms
- B.
Have different chemical formulas, but the same arrangement of atoms
- C.
Have nothing in common
- D.
Are identical
Correct Answer
A. Have the same chemical formula, but different arrangement of atomsExplanation
Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula, meaning they contain the same types and numbers of atoms. However, they differ in the arrangement of these atoms within the molecule. This difference in arrangement gives isomers distinct chemical properties and often results in different physical properties as well. Therefore, the correct answer is that isomers have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When an acid and a base react, the products are...
- A.
Acids
- B.
Bases
- C.
Water and a salt
- D.
Usually very dangerous
Correct Answer
C. Water and a saltExplanation
When an acid and a base react, they undergo a neutralization reaction. In this reaction, the hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base to form water (H2O). The remaining ions combine to form a salt. Therefore, the products of the reaction between an acid and a base are water and a salt. This reaction is commonly used in various applications, such as in the formation of soaps and in the treatment of acid indigestion.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Butane has how many carbons?
- A.
4
- B.
8
- C.
1
- D.
7
Correct Answer
A. 4Explanation
Butane is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10, which means it contains 4 carbon atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.Rate this question:
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