Rock Assessment Level 4

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1. Igneous rocks that form_____________ the surface are  intrusive.

Explanation

Igneous rocks that form below the surface are intrusive. This means that they are formed from magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. Unlike extrusive rocks, which form above the surface from lava that cools quickly, intrusive rocks have a slower cooling process, allowing for larger crystal formations.

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About This Quiz
Rock Assessment Level 4 - Quiz

Rock Assessment Level 4 explores the properties and formation processes of rocks. It assesses understanding of the rock cycle, types of rocks, and geological phenomena, enhancing learners' comprehension... see moreof Earth's dynamic systems. see less

2. The figure below shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT Contact the instructor if you have difficulty viewing this image

Explanation

The rock cycle is a continuous process that involves the transformation of rocks from one type to another over time. It includes processes such as weathering, erosion, and compaction. However, condensation is not a part of the rock cycle. Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air turns into liquid water, forming clouds and precipitation. While water can play a role in the weathering and erosion of rocks, condensation itself does not directly contribute to the transformation of rocks in the rock cycle.

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3.  The figure below shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ________________. Contact the instructor if you have difficulty viewing this image

Explanation

Weathering and erosion are the processes by which sedimentary rocks are broken down into smaller particles and transported to new locations. Weathering refers to the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks, while erosion involves the movement of these weathered particles by wind, water, or ice. Therefore, weathering and erosion are responsible for the transformation of sedimentary rocks into sediments.

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4. Igneous rocks form from ____________ when it cools.

Explanation

Igneous rocks form from both magma and lava when it cools. Magma is molten rock below the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that reaches the Earth's surface. As magma or lava cools, it solidifies and crystallizes, forming igneous rocks. Therefore, both magma and lava are involved in the formation of igneous rocks.

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5. Foliated rocks are distinguished by ______________

Explanation

Foliated rocks are distinguished by layers. This means that these rocks have a banded or striped appearance due to the presence of parallel layers or bands of minerals. These layers are formed through the process of metamorphism, where pressure and heat cause the minerals in the rock to align and form distinct layers. This characteristic makes it easier to identify and classify foliated rocks compared to non-foliated rocks, which lack these layers.

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6. Lava that cools quickly forms ____________ rock.

Explanation

Lava that cools quickly forms extrusive igneous rock. When lava erupts from a volcano and reaches the Earth's surface, it cools rapidly due to exposure to the cooler air or water. This rapid cooling prevents the growth of large crystals, resulting in fine-grained or glassy textures. These characteristics are typical of extrusive igneous rocks, such as basalt or obsidian, which are formed from solidified lava flows or volcanic ash.

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7. All the following conditions in the Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form except _______________.

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed due to the combination of heat and pressure acting on existing rocks. This process causes the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize and rearrange, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks. Exposure to air alone does not cause metamorphic rocks to form. While air may contribute to weathering and erosion, it does not play a direct role in the metamorphic process. Therefore, exposure to air is not a condition that can cause metamorphic rocks to form.

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8. Quartz is a mineral, granite is  __________________.

Explanation

Granite is a rock because it is a solid, naturally occurring substance made up of various minerals. Unlike minerals, rocks are composed of multiple minerals and can have a variety of textures and colors. Granite specifically is a type of igneous rock that forms from the slow crystallization of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly used in construction and as a decorative stone due to its durability and attractive appearance.

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9. The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce _______ mineral grains.

Explanation

The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma have enough time to grow and develop, resulting in larger mineral grains. This is because slower cooling allows for more diffusion of ions and molecules, leading to the formation of larger crystals.

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10. A detrital rock is named accordng to __________.

Explanation

A detrital rock is named according to the shape and size of the sediments it contains. This is because the shape and size of the sediments can provide important clues about the processes that formed the rock and the environment in which it was deposited. For example, angular and poorly sorted sediments may indicate a nearby source and rapid deposition, while well-rounded and well-sorted sediments may suggest long-distance transport and slower deposition. Therefore, the shape and size of the sediments are key factors in classifying and identifying detrital rocks.

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11. Changes that take place in rocks never create or destroy __________.

Explanation

Changes that take place in rocks may involve physical or chemical processes, such as weathering, erosion, or metamorphism. However, these changes do not create or destroy matter. Matter is conserved in these processes, meaning that the atoms and molecules that make up rocks are rearranged or transformed, but the total amount of matter remains the same. Therefore, the correct answer is "matter."

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12. When lava cools at Earth's surface, _______ igneous rocks are formed. 

Explanation

When lava cools at Earth's surface, extrusive igneous rocks are formed. This is because extrusive rocks are formed from lava that is erupted onto the surface and cools quickly, resulting in small crystals or a glassy texture. In contrast, intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in larger crystals. Detrital rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediment, and coarse-grained is a term used to describe the texture of rocks, not their formation process.

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13. When magma cools deep inside the Earth, __________________ igneous rocks are formed.

Explanation

When magma cools deep inside the Earth, it solidifies slowly, allowing the crystals to grow and develop. This results in the formation of intrusive igneous rocks. These rocks have a coarse-grained texture due to the slow cooling process, which allows for larger mineral crystals to form.

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14. An igneous rock can form from _________magma.

Explanation

An igneous rock can form from any type of magma, including basaltic, andesitic, and granitic magma. The type of magma determines the composition and characteristics of the resulting igneous rock. Basaltic magma forms basalt, which is a dark-colored rock with a fine-grained texture. Andesitic magma forms andesite, which is a medium-colored rock with a medium-grained texture. Granitic magma forms granite, which is a light-colored rock with a coarse-grained texture. Therefore, all of the possibilities listed with this question are correct.

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15. Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as foliated. This is because foliation refers to the parallel alignment of minerals within a rock, resulting in the formation of distinct layers or bands. In this case, the alternating layers of dark and light minerals indicate the presence of foliation, which is characteristic of certain metamorphic rocks like gneiss or schist. Nonfoliated rocks lack this layered structure, extrusive rocks are formed from volcanic activity, and detrital rocks are composed of fragments of pre-existing rocks.

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16. Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____________________.

Explanation

Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often held together with natural cements. This means that the individual particles or grains of sediment are bound together by natural substances that act as a glue. These cements can include minerals such as calcite or quartz, which precipitate out of water and fill the spaces between the sediment grains. Over time, these cements harden and solidify, creating a cohesive rock structure. This process is a key characteristic of sedimentary rocks and helps to differentiate them from other types of rocks.

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17. Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once living things are ________________.

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once living things are classified as organic. Organic sedimentary rocks, such as coal and limestone, are formed from the accumulation and compaction of plant and animal remains over time. These rocks contain organic materials, such as carbon, and exhibit characteristics that are distinct from other types of sedimentary rocks.

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18. Sedimentary rocks fromed from broken fragments of other rocks are _________________.

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks are called detrital. Detrital sedimentary rocks are composed of particles that have been weathered and eroded from pre-existing rocks and then deposited and lithified. These rocks are made up of various sizes and shapes of rock fragments, such as sand, silt, and clay, which are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice. Detrital sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, and conglomerate, among others.

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19. The process in which a rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into pieces

Explanation

Weathering is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which a rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into pieces. Weathering occurs due to various factors such as temperature changes, pressure, chemical reactions, and biological activity. These factors cause physical and chemical breakdown of rocks, leading to their disintegration and fragmentation. Weathering is an essential step in the overall process of erosion, as it prepares the rock material to be transported and deposited by agents like water, wind, or ice.

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20. The process in which minerals hold sediment together making a detrital sedimentary rock..

Explanation

Cementation is the correct answer because it is the process in which minerals act as a glue, binding sediment particles together to form a detrital sedimentary rock. During cementation, minerals precipitate out of groundwater and fill the spaces between the sediment grains, creating a solid rock. This process is essential in the formation of sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and conglomerate. Compaction, weathering, and erosion are also important processes in the formation of sedimentary rocks, but they do not specifically refer to the process of minerals binding sediment together.

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21. Sandstone is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Sandstone is an example of a sedimentary rock because it is formed from the accumulation and consolidation of sediments, such as sand, over time. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification. Sandstone is composed mainly of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material that have been compacted and cemented together. This process typically occurs in areas such as riverbeds, deserts, or coastal regions where there is a significant amount of sediment deposition.

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22. Dense, heavy, dark colored igneous rocks form from ______________ magma.

Explanation

Dense, heavy, dark colored igneous rocks form from basaltic magma. Basaltic magma has a higher iron and magnesium content, which gives the resulting rocks their dark color. These rocks are also denser and heavier compared to rocks formed from other types of magma, such as andesitic or granitic.

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23. The picture below is an example of a __________________ rock.

Explanation

The picture shows a rock that has distinct layers or bands, which is a characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and compaction of sediments, such as sand, mud, and organic matter, over time. These sediments are often deposited in layers, which can be seen in the picture. Therefore, the correct answer is sedimentary.

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24. Limestone, rock salt, and chalk are all examples of ___________________ rock

Explanation

Limestone, rock salt, and chalk are all examples of sedimentary rock because they are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments over time. Sedimentary rocks are typically composed of fragments of other rocks, minerals, or organic matter that have been weathered, transported, and deposited in layers. These layers then undergo lithification, which involves the processes of compaction and cementation, resulting in the formation of solid sedimentary rock.

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25. These samples are what  type of igneous rock?

Explanation

Volcanic glass is a type of igneous rock that forms when molten lava cools rapidly, preventing the formation of mineral crystals. This rapid cooling results in a non-crystalline, glassy texture. Volcanic glass is typically formed during volcanic eruptions when lava is ejected into the air and cools quickly upon exposure to the atmosphere. It is different from intrusive igneous rocks, which cool slowly beneath the Earth's surface, and detrital igneous rocks, which are composed of fragments of pre-existing rocks.

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26. This igneous was fast cooling.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that the igneous rock in question cooled quickly. However, the correct answer is False, indicating that the statement is not true. Therefore, the igneous rock did not cool quickly and likely cooled at a slower rate.

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27. This metamorphic rock is foliated.

Explanation

This metamorphic rock is foliated, meaning it has a layered or banded texture due to the alignment of mineral grains. Foliation occurs during the process of metamorphism, where heat and pressure cause the minerals in the rock to recrystallize and align in a preferred orientation. This alignment gives the rock its characteristic foliated appearance.

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28. This sedimentary rock is detrital.

Explanation

Detrital rocks are formed from the accumulation of sedimentary particles such as sand, silt, and clay. These particles are derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. Therefore, if a rock is described as detrital, it means that it is made up of these sedimentary particles. In this case, the given sedimentary rock is described as detrital, so the correct answer is true.

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29. Which type of sedimentary rock is pictured below?

Explanation

The correct answer is Detrital. This type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of weathered fragments of rocks, minerals, and organic materials. It is composed of grains that have been transported and deposited by water, wind, or ice. Detrital rocks are commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and deserts. They can be classified further based on the size and shape of the grains, such as sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.

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30. The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called  __________

Explanation

Magma is the correct answer because it refers to the molten material found deep inside the Earth. This molten material eventually cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks. Lava, on the other hand, is magma that has reached the Earth's surface. Therefore, magma is the appropriate term to describe the molten material from which igneous rocks originate.

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31. A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are

Explanation

The correct answer is "foliated or nonfoliated." This classification refers to the texture of metamorphic rocks. Foliated rocks have a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment of minerals, while nonfoliated rocks lack this layering. This classification is important because it provides information about the conditions and processes that the rock underwent during metamorphism.

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32. Sedimentary rocks are

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed when loose materials such as sediment, sand, and soil become compacted and cemented together over time. This process occurs through the deposition and accumulation of these materials, followed by the application of pressure and the precipitation of minerals from solutions, such as water. This process can happen in various environments, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and even deserts. The loose materials undergo lithification, where they become solidified into sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation.

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33. Detrital rocks are ___________________.

Explanation

Detrital rocks are formed from broken fragments of other rocks. This process occurs through weathering and erosion, where larger rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments then undergo compaction and cementation, resulting in the formation of detrital rocks such as sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. This process is a key part of the rock cycle, where rocks are continuously broken down and reformed.

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34. A rock is always

Explanation

The correct answer is "a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials." This answer is correct because rocks can be composed of various materials such as minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or a combination of these substances. Rocks are not always made of molten material, as some rocks can be formed through other processes such as sedimentation. Additionally, rocks can be either igneous or sedimentary, further supporting the idea that they are composed of a mixture of different materials.

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35. A kind of organic sedimentary rock

Explanation

Coal is a type of organic sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. Over time, the plant material was buried and subjected to heat and pressure, resulting in the formation of coal. It is primarily composed of carbon, along with other elements such as hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Coal is widely used as a fuel source for electricity generation and industrial processes due to its high carbon content and energy density.

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36. A kind of foliated metamorphic rock

Explanation

Slate is a type of foliated metamorphic rock that is formed from the metamorphism of shale or mudstone. It has a fine-grained texture and is characterized by its ability to split into thin, flat sheets. Slate is commonly used as a roofing material due to its durability and resistance to weathering. It is also used for flooring, blackboards, and billiard tables.

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37. The movement of weathered material.

Explanation

Erosion refers to the movement of weathered material, such as rocks, soil, or sediment, from one place to another. It is typically caused by natural forces like wind, water, or ice. These forces can wear away or transport the weathered material, reshaping the landscape over time. Compaction and cementation are processes that occur after erosion, where the sediment is compressed and solidified to form sedimentary rocks. Weathering, on the other hand, refers to the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces due to various physical or chemical processes.

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38. Granite is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Granite is an example of an igneous rock because it is formed through the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. Igneous rocks are classified as either intrusive (formed underground) or extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface). Granite is an intrusive igneous rock that is composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It has a coarse-grained texture and is commonly used in construction and as a decorative stone.

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39. Obidian is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Obsidian is a type of rock that is formed from the rapid cooling of lava. It is a volcanic glass and is classified as an igneous rock. Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification and crystallization of molten material, such as magma or lava. Obsidian is known for its smooth, glassy texture and is typically black or dark in color. It is commonly found in areas with volcanic activity and is often used in jewelry and as a cutting tool due to its sharp edges.

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40. Gneiss is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Gneiss is an example of a metamorphic rock because it is formed through the process of metamorphism, which involves the transformation of existing rocks under high temperatures and pressures. Gneiss is characterized by its banded appearance and the presence of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica. This transformation occurs deep within the Earth's crust, resulting in the recrystallization of minerals and the development of distinct layers or bands in the rock.

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41. Limestone  is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Limestone is formed from the accumulation of sediment, such as shells, coral, and other organic materials, which are compacted and cemented together over time. This process is characteristic of sedimentary rocks, which are formed by the deposition and solidification of sediments. Therefore, limestone is an example of a sedimentary rock.

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42. Rocks that form from _________________ magma have mineral composition between between those of granitic and basaltic.  

Explanation

Andesitic rocks form from intermediate magma, which has a mineral composition that falls between granitic and basaltic rocks. This means that andesitic rocks have a combination of minerals found in both granitic and basaltic rocks.

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43. Obsidian, basalt, and diorite are all examples of ___________________ rock

Explanation

Obsidian, basalt, and diorite are all examples of igneous rock because they are formed from the solidification of molten material, such as lava or magma. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline texture and can be either intrusive (formed inside the Earth's crust) or extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface). These rocks are typically formed through the cooling and solidification of molten material, which allows for the formation of interlocking mineral crystals.

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44. The rock cycle in the figure below indicates that each type of rock can Contact the instructor if you have difficulty viewing this image

Explanation

The rock cycle is a continuous process where rocks are constantly being formed, broken down, and reformed. Each type of rock can provide materials that make rocks, as rocks can be broken down into smaller particles or sediments that can then be compacted and cemented together to form new rocks. Additionally, rocks can form other rocks through processes such as cooling and solidification of magma or the compaction and cementation of sediments. Lastly, rocks can be changed by forces at the Earth's surface, such as weathering and erosion, which break down rocks and reshape them over time. Therefore, all the possible answers listed in this question are correct.

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45. Basaltic igneous rocks are ___________.

Explanation

Basaltic igneous rocks are rich in iron and magnesium. This is because basaltic rocks are formed from the solidification of magma that has a higher content of iron and magnesium compared to other elements. This composition gives basaltic rocks their characteristic dark color and higher density compared to other types of igneous rocks.

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46. Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following EXCEPT

Explanation

Granitic igneous rocks are not high in iron content. They are typically light colored, lower in density than basaltic rocks, and high in silica content. Iron-rich igneous rocks are referred to as mafic rocks, such as basalt, which are dark colored and higher in density compared to granitic rocks.

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47. The process in which pressure from the upper layers of sediment pushes down on the lower layers, causing the sediments to stick togethjer and form solid rock.

Explanation

Compaction is the correct answer because it refers to the process of pressure from upper layers of sediment pushing down on lower layers, causing the sediments to stick together and form solid rock. This process involves the squeezing and compacting of sediment particles, reducing the pore spaces between them and increasing their density. Cementation, on the other hand, is the process of minerals precipitating and filling in the pore spaces between sediment particles, further solidifying the rock. Weathering and erosion are not related to the formation of solid rock through pressure and compaction.

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48. Slate is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Slate is a type of rock that is formed through the process of metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks, such as sedimentary or igneous rocks, undergo intense heat and pressure, causing them to change in composition and structure. In the case of slate, it is formed from the metamorphism of shale or mudstone. This process results in the formation of a fine-grained rock with a characteristic foliated texture, making it an example of a metamorphic rock.

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49. The picture below is an example of a ________________________ rock

Explanation

The picture shows a rock with distinct layers or bands, indicating that it has undergone metamorphism. This type of rock is known as a foliated metamorphic rock.

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50. Gneiss, schist, and marble are all examples of ___________________ rock

Explanation

Gneiss, schist, and marble are all examples of metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism, which involves the transformation of pre-existing rocks due to high temperature, pressure, or both. Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock that forms from granite, schist is a foliated metamorphic rock that forms from shale or basalt, and marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that forms from limestone. Therefore, the correct answer is metamorphic.

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51. This sample of coal is which type of sedimentary rock?

Explanation

The correct answer is Organic. This is because coal is formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. Over time, the plant material undergoes heat and pressure, resulting in the formation of coal. Therefore, coal is classified as an organic sedimentary rock.

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52. _____________ would be conisdered a rock.

Explanation

Granite would be considered a rock because it is a type of igneous rock that is formed from the solidification of molten magma. It is composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals, giving it a granular texture. Granite is widely used in construction and as a decorative stone due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.

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53. The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock

Explanation

The picture shows a rock that has a smooth and glassy texture, which is characteristic of extrusive rocks. Extrusive rocks are formed when lava cools and solidifies quickly on the Earth's surface, resulting in fine-grained textures. This is in contrast to intrusive rocks, which form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in coarse-grained textures. Therefore, based on the appearance of the rock in the picture, it can be identified as an extrusive rock.

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54. The _____ in the figure blow shows how one rock changes into another. Contact the instructor if you have difficulty viewing this image

Explanation

The rock cycle is a continuous process that shows how one type of rock can transform into another over time. It involves various geological processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and pressure. These processes can cause rocks to break down, change composition, and eventually form new rocks. The rock cycle is represented in the figure, illustrating the different stages and transformations that rocks undergo.

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55. Rock salt is an example of a ___________________ rock.

Explanation

Rock salt is an example of a sedimentary rock because it is formed through the process of sedimentation, where dissolved minerals in water are deposited and compacted over time. In the case of rock salt, it is formed from the evaporation of seawater or saline lakes, leaving behind salt deposits. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of sediments, making rock salt a fitting example of this type of rock.

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56. The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock

Explanation

The picture shows a rock with large mineral grains that are interlocking and have a coarse texture. This indicates that the rock formed from slowly cooling magma beneath the Earth's surface, making it an intrusive rock.

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57. Sedimentary rocks form because of all the following EXCEPT

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks form through the process of sediments becoming pressed or cemented together, sediments forming from solution, and water evaporating leaving crystals behind. However, crystals solidifying from magma is not a process involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Magma solidifies to form igneous rocks, not sedimentary rocks.

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58. Lava that flows from volcanoes in Hawaii is _________________ magma..  

Explanation

The correct answer is basaltic because basaltic magma is the type of magma that flows from volcanoes in Hawaii. Basaltic magma is characterized by its low viscosity and high temperature, allowing it to flow easily and create the characteristic lava flows seen in Hawaii. Andesitic and granitic magmas have different compositions and properties, and are not typically associated with volcanic activity in Hawaii.

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59. A kind of chemical sedimentary rock

Explanation

Limestone is a type of chemical sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of the remains of marine organisms such as shells, coral, and algae. Over time, the pressure and heat cause the sediment to harden and form solid rock. Limestone is primarily composed of the mineral calcite and is often used as a building material due to its durability and unique texture. It is also commonly used in the production of cement and as a soil conditioner.

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60. A kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Explanation

Marble is a type of nonfoliated metamorphic rock. Nonfoliated rocks do not have a layered or banded appearance, which is characteristic of foliated rocks like slate and limestone. Coal, on the other hand, is an organic sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants. Therefore, marble is the correct answer as it is the only option that fits the description of a nonfoliated metamorphic rock.

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61. Silica rich, thick magma that is iron and magnesium poor is called ______________ magma.

Explanation

Granitic magma is silica rich and contains low amounts of iron and magnesium. This type of magma is typically associated with continental crust and is commonly found in areas where large mountain ranges are formed, such as the Himalayas. The high silica content of granitic magma results in a high viscosity, causing it to be thick and slow-moving. This magma type is known for its explosive eruptions and the formation of granite rocks when it cools and solidifies.

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62. The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock

Explanation

The picture shows a rock that has a fine-grained texture and appears to have been formed from solidification of lava or volcanic ash on the Earth's surface. This indicates that the rock is an extrusive rock, which is formed from volcanic activity and cools quickly on the surface, resulting in small mineral crystals and a smooth texture.

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63. Sanstone is a(n) ______________ sedimentary rock.

Explanation

Sanstone is a detrital sedimentary rock because it is formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments that have been weathered and transported from pre-existing rocks. These sediments are composed of fragments of minerals, rocks, and organic materials that have been deposited and compacted over time. Unlike chemical sedimentary rocks, which are formed from the precipitation of minerals from solution, or organic sedimentary rocks, which are formed from the accumulation of organic remains, sandstone is primarily made up of detrital particles.

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64. Fine-grained, extrusive rocks include all of the following EXCEPT

Explanation

Fine-grained, extrusive rocks are formed from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface. Granite, on the other hand, is a coarse-grained intrusive rock that forms from slow-cooling magma deep within the Earth. Therefore, granite is not included in the category of fine-grained, extrusive rocks.

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65. Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because _____________.

Explanation

Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because it is less dense than the surrounding solid rock. Magma is formed from molten rock and is composed of various minerals and gases. As it is less dense than the solid rock surrounding it, it is buoyant and tends to rise towards the surface. This movement is driven by the pressure and heat within the Earth's interior, causing the magma to find pathways and eventually erupt as volcanic activity.

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66. Click on ALL the terms that apply to this rock.

Explanation

The rock is classified as extrusive because it was formed from lava that erupted onto the Earth's surface. It also cooled quickly, which is indicated by the fast cooling option. The rock has a basaltic color, suggesting that it is composed of basaltic minerals.

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67. What is the best term to describe the color of this rock?

Explanation

Granitic is the best term to describe the color of this rock because granitic rocks are typically light-colored, ranging from white to pink to gray. They are composed mainly of quartz and feldspar minerals, which give them their characteristic light color. Basaltic rocks are dark-colored, typically black or dark gray, due to their high content of iron and magnesium-rich minerals. Andesitic rocks are intermediate in color, ranging from gray to dark gray, as they contain a mixture of felsic and mafic minerals. Therefore, based on the given options, granitic is the most appropriate term to describe the color of the rock.

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68. The picture below is an example of a rock made from ____________________ magma.

Explanation

The picture shows a rock that is made from granitic magma. Granitic magma is known for its high silica content, which gives the rock a light color and a coarse-grained texture. This type of magma is typically found in continental crusts and is associated with the formation of granite.

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69. Metamorphic rocks with a nonfoliated texture show metamorphic change  that involves 

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks with a nonfoliated texture do not show mineral grains arranging into layers, dissolving completely under pressure, or melting. Instead, they exhibit a change in the size or shape of the mineral grains. This means that the individual grains within the rock have undergone deformation, either by recrystallization or by the application of pressure and heat, resulting in a new texture without distinct layers.

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70. The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by ____________.

Explanation

The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by radioactive elements. Radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, decay and release heat as a byproduct. This heat can cause the surrounding rocks to melt and form magma. Additionally, the decay of radioactive elements also generates heat and pressure within the Earth's mantle, contributing to the formation of magma.

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71. Metamorphic rocks can undergo all the following changes EXCEPT

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks can undergo various changes, such as an exchange of atoms between minerals, melting, and the flattening of minerals. However, the formation of new, bigger minerals is not a change that metamorphic rocks typically undergo.

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72. Click on ALL the terms that apply to this rock.

Explanation

This rock is likely intrusive because it is formed from magma, which suggests that it cooled slowly beneath the Earth's surface. The granitic color also supports this conclusion, as granite is a common intrusive rock with a light-colored appearance.

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73. This metamorphic rock is foliated.

Explanation

This statement is false because foliation is a characteristic of metamorphic rocks, not all metamorphic rocks are foliated. Foliation refers to the alignment of mineral grains or the presence of distinct layers or bands in the rock. Some examples of foliated metamorphic rocks include slate, schist, and gneiss. However, there are also non-foliated metamorphic rocks that do not exhibit this characteristic, such as marble and quartzite. Therefore, not all metamorphic rocks are foliated, making the statement false.

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Igneous rocks that form_____________ the surface are ...
The figure below shows that the processes involved in the rock...
 The figure below shows that sedimentary rocks are...
Igneous rocks form from ____________ when it cools.
Foliated rocks are distinguished by ______________
Lava that cools quickly forms ____________ rock.
All the following conditions in the Earth can cause metamorphic rocks...
Quartz is a mineral, granite is  __________________.
The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce _______ mineral...
A detrital rock is named accordng to __________.
Changes that take place in rocks never create or destroy...
When lava cools at Earth's surface, _______ igneous rocks are...
When magma cools deep inside the Earth, __________________ igneous...
An igneous rock can form from _________magma.
Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with...
Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____________________.
Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once living things are...
Sedimentary rocks fromed from broken fragments of other rocks are...
The process in which a rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and...
The process in which minerals hold sediment together making a detrital...
Sandstone is an example of a ___________________ rock.
Dense, heavy, dark colored igneous rocks form from ______________...
The picture below is an example of a __________________ rock.
Limestone, rock salt, and chalk are all examples of...
These samples are what  type of igneous rock?
This igneous was fast cooling.
This metamorphic rock is foliated.
This sedimentary rock is detrital.
Which type of sedimentary rock is pictured below?
The molten material deep inside Earth from...
A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are
Sedimentary rocks are
Detrital rocks are ___________________.
A rock is always
A kind of organic sedimentary rock
A kind of foliated metamorphic rock
The movement of weathered material.
Granite is an example of a ___________________ rock.
Obidian is an example of a ___________________ rock.
Gneiss is an example of a ___________________ rock.
Limestone  is an example of a ___________________ rock.
Rocks that form from _________________ magma have mineral composition...
Obsidian, basalt, and diorite are all examples of ___________________...
The rock cycle in the figure below indicates that each type of rock...
Basaltic igneous rocks are ___________.
Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following EXCEPT
The process in which pressure from the upper layers of sediment pushes...
Slate is an example of a ___________________ rock.
The picture below is an example of a ________________________ rock
Gneiss, schist, and marble are all examples of ___________________...
This sample of coal is which type of sedimentary rock?
_____________ would be conisdered a rock.
The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock
The _____ in the figure blow shows how one rock changes into...
Rock salt is an example of a ___________________ rock.
The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock
Sedimentary rocks form because of all the following EXCEPT
Lava that flows from volcanoes in Hawaii is _________________ magma.....
A kind of chemical sedimentary rock
A kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock
Silica rich, thick magma that is iron and magnesium poor is called...
The picture below is an example of an ________________________ rock
Sanstone is a(n) ______________ sedimentary rock.
Fine-grained, extrusive rocks include all of the following EXCEPT
Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because...
Click on ALL the terms that apply to this rock.
What is the best term to describe the color of this rock?
The picture below is an example of a rock made from...
Metamorphic rocks with a nonfoliated texture show metamorphic...
The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by...
Metamorphic rocks can undergo all the following changes EXCEPT
Click on ALL the terms that apply to this rock.
This metamorphic rock is foliated.
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