Respiratory Anatomy Practice Quiz

There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body. The ribs are long, curved bones that form a protective cage around the chest area. Each rib is attached to the spine at the back and curves around to connect to the sternum at the front. There are 12 pairs of ribs in total, with the first 7 pairs known as true ribs, as they are directly connected to the sternum. The remaining 5 pairs are called false ribs, with 3 pairs connecting indirectly to the sternum and 2 pairs floating freely.

The subclavius muscle inserts at the junction of rib 1 and its cartilage. This means that the muscle attaches at the point where the first rib meets its cartilage. The insertion is slightly inferior and medial, meaning that it is located below and towards the midline of the body. The subclavius muscle is involved in inhalation, helping to elevate the first rib during breathing. The central tendon is not the correct answer as it is not the insertion point of the subclavius muscle.

The subclavius muscle originates from the underside of the clavicle, near the scapula. This means that the muscle begins its attachment on the lower surface of the clavicle, close to where it connects with the shoulder blade. This information helps to locate and identify the subclavius muscle in the body.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the superior surface of the clavicle and mastoid. This means that one end of the muscle is attached to the top surface of the collarbone (clavicle) and the other end is attached to the bony prominence behind the ear known as the mastoid process. The muscle is responsible for various movements of the head and neck, including rotation and flexion.

The rectus abdominus muscle is a long ribbon-like muscle located on the ventral aspect of the abdominal cavity. It courses superiorly, parallel to the midline of the body. It originates from the cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process, and inserts into the anterior edge of the pubic bone. This muscle is responsible for various movements, such as exhalation, and helps to stabilize the trunk and maintain posture.

The serratus anterior muscle inserts on ribs 1-8 or 9, near the costal cartilages. This means that the muscle attaches to these ribs and is located close to the cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum. This insertion point allows the serratus anterior to play a role in stabilizing and moving the ribs during inhalation, helping to expand the chest cavity and facilitate breathing. Additionally, the serratus anterior also attaches to the anterior surface of the scapula, further contributing to its function in shoulder movement and stability.

The quadratus lumbarum muscle inserts into the transverse processes of the first to fourth lumbar vertebrae and the twelfth rib. This muscle is located on the lateral dorsal aspect of the abdominal wall and is responsible for exhalation.

The rectus abdominis muscle inserts into the cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process. This means that the muscle attaches to these structures, allowing it to perform its functions. The rectus abdominis is a long ribbon-like muscle located in the front of the abdominal cavity. It is responsible for flexing the trunk, compressing the abdominal contents, and stabilizing the pelvis and spine.

The internal oblique muscle inserts into the abdominal aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue that runs down the front of the abdomen, and the inferior border of the lower costal cartilages. This means that the muscle attaches to the lower ribs and the connective tissue in the abdomen. This insertion allows the internal oblique muscle to contribute to the flexion, rotation, and lateral bending of the trunk.

The serratus posterior inferior muscle inserts on the lower border of ribs 8-12, just beyond the angles.

The lattissimus dorsi muscle courses up fanlike from the lumbar, sacral, and lower thoracic vertebrae. It stabilizes the posterior abdominal wall and is involved in exhalation.

The pectoralis minor muscle inserts into the anterior medial portion of ribs 3 - 5. This means that the muscle attaches to the front and middle section of these ribs. The other options, such as the lower and back border of the xiphoid process and the central tendon, are incorrect because they do not accurately describe where the pectoralis minor muscle inserts. Additionally, the statement about inhalation is unrelated to the insertion point of the muscle and is therefore not the correct answer.

The external oblique muscle inserts on the ribs 5-12. This means that the muscle attaches to these ribs, specifically on their superior and lateral sides. The external oblique is a broad, flat muscle that is located on the lateral and anterior portions of the lower thorax and abdomen. It plays a role in exhalation.

The internal oblique muscle is a large, flat muscle located on the lateral and ventral aspect of the abdomen. It originates from the anterior two-thirds of the iliac crest and the lateral half of the inguinal ligament. The muscle fibers of the internal oblique course in a fan-like manner, spreading out superiorly and medially. This arrangement allows the muscle to contribute to various movements and actions, such as exhalation. The muscle inserts into the abdominal aponeurosis and the inferior border of the lower costal cartilages.

The sternal portion of the diaphragm originates from the lower and back border of the xiphoid process. This means that the muscle fibers of the diaphragm attach to the lower and posterior part of the xiphoid process, which is the small bone at the lower end of the sternum. This attachment point helps to anchor and support the diaphragm, which is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to create changes in thoracic pressure.

The lattissimus dorsi muscle originates from the lumbar, sacral, and lower thoracic vertebrae. It fans out in a broad manner and attaches to the humerus bone. This muscle plays a role in stabilizing the posterior abdominal wall.

The costal portion of the diaphragm originates from the lower border and inferior surface of ribs 7-12. This means that the muscle fibers of the diaphragm attach to the lower edges of these ribs and the undersides of their surfaces. This origin point allows the diaphragm to contract and relax, causing the muscle to move downward and upward respectively, which in turn helps with the process of breathing. The other options listed (the central tendon, superior and medially, and C7, T1 - T3) are incorrect origins for the costal portion of the diaphragm.

The external intercostals are muscles located between the ribs. They are responsible for elevating the ribs during inhalation. The correct answer, "upper border of rib below," refers to the insertion point of the external intercostals. This means that the muscle attaches to the upper border of the rib below it. This attachment allows the external intercostals to pull the ribs upwards and outwards, expanding the chest cavity and aiding in the process of inhalation.

The internal intercostals are a group of muscles located between the ribs. They are responsible for aiding in exhalation by pulling the ribs down. The correct answer states that the internal intercostals insert into the lower border of each rib, which is accurate. This insertion point allows the muscles to effectively pull the ribs down during exhalation.

The lattissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the humerus. This means that the muscle attaches to the upper arm bone, specifically the humerus. The lattissimus dorsi is a large muscle that originates from the lower back and helps with movements of the shoulder joint, such as pulling the arm down and back. Its insertion into the humerus allows it to exert force and contribute to these movements.

The pectoralis major is a large muscle that is located in the anterior thorax. It originates from the clavicle, sternum, and ribs and inserts into the humerus. The muscle fibers of the pectoralis major fan out widely across the anterior thorax, which allows for a wide range of movements, such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm. This arrangement of the muscle fibers is what gives the pectoralis major its characteristic appearance and allows it to perform its functions effectively.

The serratus anterior is a large, thin muscle located on the side wall of the thorax. It courses anteriorly, meaning it runs towards the front of the body, and wraps around the side of the rib cage. This muscle is responsible for assisting in inhalation and plays a role in stabilizing the scapula.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from the bony skull, specifically behind the ear at the mastoid process. This muscle is a large muscle located on the side of the neck and is responsible for various movements, including inhalation. It has two divisions that originate from the superior surface of the clavicle and sternum, respectively.

The correct answer is C7, T1 - T11. The levatores costarum muscles originate from the transverse processes of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and the first to eleventh thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T11). They originate inferiorly and laterally from these vertebrae. The levatores costarum muscles do not originate from the central tendon or the humerus bone of the upper arm. They also do not extend across the anterior thorax wall.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle courses inferiorly in two divisions. This means that the muscle extends downwards in two separate parts. It originates from the superior surface of the clavicle and the mastoid process behind the ear on the bony skull. The sternocleidomastoid is a large muscle located on the side of the neck.

The scalenes muscles insert into the ribs 1 and 2.

The serratus posterior inferior courses on the lower posterior portion of the thorax. It is located on the lower border of ribs 8 - 12, just beyond the angles. It is presumed to pull down on the lower ribs. The muscle is attached via an aponeurosis from T11, T12, and L1 - 3. Its direction of pull is superior and lateral.

The serratus posterior superior muscle inserts into ribs 2 - 5 near the angle. This means that the muscle attaches to the upper and posterior surface of these ribs, close to where the rib curves. This muscle is involved in the process of inhalation, as it helps to elevate the ribs during breathing. The central tendon is not related to the insertion of the serratus posterior superior muscle, and ribs 7 - 12 are not involved in its attachment.

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the anterior surface of the scapula.

The transverse thoracic courses refer to the course of the internal thoracic artery, which is a branch of the subclavian artery. This artery runs along the inner surface of the anterior thoracic wall and supplies blood to the structures in this region. As it travels, it fans out superiorly and laterally, providing branches to the sternum and costal cartilages 5-7. Therefore, the correct answer is "fans out superiorly and laterally."

The quadratus lumbarum muscle courses superiorly. This means that it runs in an upward direction.

The scalenes muscles originate from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae C2 to C7. They are located inferior and slightly lateral to the origin. The scalenes muscles are responsible for assisting in inhalation.

The levatores costarum muscles are a group of muscles located on the posterior surface of the ribs. They are responsible for elevating the ribs during inhalation. These muscles insert on the posterior surface of the rib just below its upper border. This insertion point allows the levatores costarum muscles to effectively elevate the ribs and expand the thoracic cavity during inhalation, aiding in the process of breathing.

The correct answer is "inferior and slightly lateral." This answer describes the location of the scalene muscles in relation to other anatomical structures. The scalene muscles are positioned inferiorly and slightly laterally in the neck.

The internal oblique muscle originates from the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and the lateral half of the inguinal ligament. This means that these are the points where the muscle begins. The other options mentioned, such as the abdominal aponeurosis and lower costal cartilages, are not the origins of the internal oblique muscle. Additionally, the fact that the muscle fans out superiorly and medially is not relevant to its origin.

The serratus posterior superior courses in an inferior and lateral direction. This means that it runs downwards and towards the sides of the body.

The external oblique muscle originates from the iliac crest and aponeurosis. The iliac crest is the upper curved edge of the hip bone, and the aponeurosis is a flat tendon that connects muscles to bones or other muscles. This origin allows the external oblique muscle to have a broad attachment on the lateral and anterior portions of the lower thorax and abdomen. The external oblique muscle is responsible for various movements, including rotation and flexion of the trunk, and also aids in exhalation.

The external oblique is a broad, flat muscle located on the lateral and anterior portions of the lower thorax and abdomen. It runs from the lower ribs (5-12) to the pelvis. The correct answer is "superior and lateral" because the external oblique courses in a direction that is both superior (upwards) and lateral (away from the midline of the body).

The quadratus lumborum muscle originates from the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament. These structures provide attachment points for the muscle, allowing it to anchor and stabilize the abdominal wall. The muscle also originates from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and the 12th rib. However, the iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament are specifically mentioned in the answer as the origins of the quadratus lumborum.

The serratus posterior superior muscles originate from the lower and back border of the xiphoid process, as well as the lower border and inferior surface of ribs 7-12.

The subclavius muscle courses slightly inferior and medial to the underside of the clavicle, near the scapula. It is located at the junction of the first rib and its cartilage. The subclavius muscle is involved in the process of inhalation.

The internal intercostals course superiorly or towards the sternum. This means that they run in a direction from the lower border of each rib towards the upper part of the ribcage, closer to the sternum.

The transverse thoracic muscle inserts on the inner surface of ribs 2-6. This means that the muscle attaches to these specific ribs, likely providing stability and support to the thoracic cage.

The external intercostals are muscles located between the ribs that assist in the process of breathing. They originate from the lower border of the superior rib. This means that they start from the bottom part of the rib that is located above them. The other options mentioned in the question, such as C7, T1 - T11, C7, T1 - T3, upper lumbar vertebrae, and inferior and towards sternum, are not correct origins for the external intercostals.

The subcostals originate from the inner surface of the ribs, close to the vertebral column.

The correct answer is "abdominal aponeurosis." The transverse abdominus muscle inserts into the abdominal aponeurosis, which is a tough, sheet-like structure made of connective tissue. This aponeurosis serves as a common insertion point for several abdominal muscles and helps to provide support and stability to the abdominal wall.

The subcostals are presumed to insert on the inner surface of the rib 1 or 2 above. This means that their attachment point is on the inner side of the rib that is located either one or two ribs above their origin. This insertion allows the subcostals to have a superior and lateral direction of action. The subcostals are involved in the process of exhalation, suggesting that their contraction helps in the expulsion of air from the lungs.

The levator scapulae muscle originates from the transverse processes of the first to fourth cervical vertebrae (C1-C4). It does not originate from the medial border of the scapula or any other mentioned structures. The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula, helping to rotate and tilt the neck, and providing support to the neck region.

The correct answer is "horizontal and anterior". This means that the transverse abdominus muscle runs in a direction that is parallel to the ground (horizontal) and towards the front of the body (anterior). This muscle is located deep within the abdomen and plays a role in stabilizing the core and supporting the spine. Its horizontal and anterior orientation allows it to provide support and stability to the abdominal region.

The internal intercostals originate on the superior surface of each rib.