Protein Synthesis Review Quiz

Translation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of decoding the mRNA sequence and synthesizing a protein. During translation, the ribosomes read the mRNA and use the information to assemble amino acids in the correct order, forming a protein. This process is crucial for protein synthesis in all living organisms. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA, while natural selection and mutation are unrelated to the decoding of mRNA into a protein.

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid that is responsible for carrying genetic information in certain organisms. Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases found in RNA, and it forms a complementary base pair with uracil. This means that in RNA, adenine always pairs with uracil, similar to how adenine pairs with thymine in DNA. Therefore, the statement that adenine bonds with uracil in RNA is true.

Transcription is the process in which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template. This involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA and synthesizing a complementary mRNA molecule. This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA and is later used by ribosomes to produce proteins through translation.

Protein is another name for polypeptide. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform various functions in living organisms, such as providing structure, facilitating chemical reactions, and serving as enzymes or antibodies.

A 3-nucleotide code on mRNA is called a codon. This sequence of three nucleotides determines the specific amino acid that will be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal, allowing for the accurate translation of the genetic information encoded in the DNA into proteins.

The correct answer is transcription. Transcription is the process in which the information stored in DNA is converted into RNA. It involves the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand using one strand of the DNA molecule as a template. In the image, it is likely that the process of transcription is being depicted, as it is the stage of protein synthesis where RNA is being produced.

Proteins are composed of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). These building blocks are linked together by peptide bonds to form long chains called polypeptides, which then fold into complex three-dimensional structures to create proteins. Each protein has a unique sequence and arrangement of amino acids, which determines its specific function in the body.

The correct answer is "uug/aau/uuu/ccg, UUG/AAU/UUU/CCG". The question asks for the transcription of the given DNA strand, which involves converting the DNA sequence into its complementary RNA sequence. In DNA, the nucleotide A pairs with T, while in RNA, A pairs with U. Similarly, T pairs with A in DNA, but in RNA, T is replaced with U. Therefore, the correct transcription of the DNA strand "AAC/TTA/AAA/GGC" is "uug/aau/uuu/ccg" in lowercase and "UUG/AAU/UUU/CCG" in uppercase.

RNA is different from DNA in several ways. Firstly, RNA has a single strand, while DNA has a double helix structure. Additionally, RNA is located both inside and outside of the nucleus, whereas DNA is primarily located in the nucleus. Another difference is that RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine. These variations in structure and composition make RNA distinct from DNA.

Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosome. Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins. They are found in the cytoplasm of cells and also attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) and use it to synthesize proteins through a process called translation. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and matches them with specific transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carrying amino acids. The ribosome then links the amino acids together to form a protein chain. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosome.