Keystone Sample Questions Exam! Trivia Quiz

The correct answer is replication. Replication is the process by which DNA molecules are copied to produce identical DNA molecules. It involves the separation of the DNA strands, the synthesis of new complementary strands, and the formation of two identical DNA molecules. Recombination refers to the rearrangement of genetic material, fertilization is the fusion of gametes to form a zygote, and transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

The given explanation is that the process described involves cutting and removing a section of flounder DNA and splicing it into the DNA of a strawberry plant. This process is known as genetic engineering, as it involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to introduce desired traits or characteristics.

Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. This statement accurately describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins. DNA, located within the cells, serves as the genetic material that carries the instructions for protein synthesis. Proteins, on the other hand, are the molecules responsible for various cellular functions and are produced based on the information encoded in the DNA. Therefore, the DNA within cells controls the production of proteins.

The diagram represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories, and the correct answer is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes or DNA to create desired traits or produce specific proteins. The diagram likely depicts the process of modifying or manipulating genetic material in the laboratory setting. Chromatography and gel electrophoresis are techniques used to separate and analyze molecules, while direct harvesting does not involve any genetic manipulation.

During DNA replication, a change in the base subunit sequence can lead to variations within an organism. This is because DNA replication is the process by which DNA is copied, and any errors or changes in the base subunit sequence can result in mutations. These mutations can alter the genetic information and lead to variations in traits within an organism. Therefore, a change in the base subunit sequence during DNA replication can cause variation within an organism.

The diagram shows three unidentified bases in the boxes. These bases could be any of the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). Since the question specifically asks for the total number of bases represented by the letter A, we can conclude that all three unidentified bases are adenine (A). Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

The correct answer is "identical genetic information." This is because genetic information, which is stored in the form of DNA, is responsible for determining the traits and characteristics of an organism. In this case, the structures labeled in the diagram of the puppy would contain cells that all have the same genetic information, as they are part of the same organism. This genetic information is passed down from the puppy's parents and determines its inherited traits.

Row 2 could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram because it states that the building blocks are amino acid molecules and the product is a part of protein. This is consistent with the diagram representing the synthesis of a complex molecule in an organism.

In cloning, the genetic material of the original organism is replicated to create an identical copy. Therefore, each cell of the new plant will have the same number of chromosomes as the original carrot plant, as chromosomes are replicated during cell division. Additionally, the new plant will have the same types of genes as the original plant, as the genes are also replicated along with the chromosomes.

Species A has the best chance of survival because genetic diversity increases the likelihood that at least some individuals will have traits that allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. This means that if the environment changes, species A is more likely to have individuals with advantageous traits that can survive and reproduce. In contrast, species C having no gene mutations does not necessarily give it an advantage in a changing environment. The statement about species B and D competing for the same resources is not supported by the information given in the diagram. The statement about bacteria reproducing asexually is not relevant to the question.

Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of bases. Bases are the building blocks of DNA, and any alteration in their sequence can lead to changes in the genetic code. These changes can result in the production of abnormal red blood cells, which may cause various blood disorders or diseases. The abnormal sequence of bases can disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to the production of faulty red blood cells.

The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a gene. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins. During protein synthesis, the gene is transcribed into mRNA, which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes where it is translated into a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is gene.

The correct answer is that liver cells use different genes than muscle cells. This is because different types of cells express different genes, leading to the production of different proteins and ultimately different functions. While all cells in an individual contain the same DNA, the specific genes that are activated and expressed vary between cell types, allowing for specialization and the development of different functions in different tissues.

During the process of budding in yeast, a smaller bud forms on the parent cell and eventually separates to become a new individual. Since budding is a form of asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent cell is replicated and passed on to the bud. Therefore, the two cells that result from budding will have identical DNA.

The diagram likely shows the results of gel electrophoresis, a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. Gel electrophoresis involves placing DNA samples in a gel and applying an electric current. The DNA fragments move through the gel at different speeds, with smaller fragments moving faster and larger fragments moving slower. This separation based on size allows scientists to analyze and study the DNA fragments individually.

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze DNA fragments based on their size and charge. In this technique, DNA samples are loaded onto a gel matrix and an electric current is applied. Since DNA is negatively charged, it moves towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and stay closer to the starting point. By comparing the position of DNA fragments in the gel with known markers, scientists can determine the size of the fragments and analyze the DNA sample.

The purpose of the enzyme was most likely to cut the DNA at a specific location. Enzymes called restriction enzymes are commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and then cleave the DNA at or near those sequences, resulting in the DNA being broken into smaller fragments. This process is often used in molecular biology experiments to manipulate DNA, such as creating recombinant DNA molecules or analyzing DNA sequences.

Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains DNA molecules. The DNA molecules in the donated organ are recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system, which can trigger an immune response and lead to organ rejection. By administering drugs that suppress the immune system, the risk of rejection is reduced, allowing the transplanted organ to function properly in the recipient's body.