ACE Your Biology Exam - Biology Mock Test About RNA And Protein Synthesis
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Which enzyme is used to join together two different types of DNA molecules?
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Ligase
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Endonuclease
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Gyrase
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Peptidyl transferase
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Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Ace Your Biology Exam by passing Biology Mock Test about RNA and Protein Synthesis
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- 2.
Conversion of messages carried by mRNA into amino acid sequences is called________.
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Replication
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DNA repair
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Translation
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Transcription
Correct Answer
A. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the process by which the information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into a sequence of amino acids, which then form proteins. This process occurs in the ribosomes of the cell and is essential for protein synthesis. Replication is the process of copying DNA, DNA repair is the process of fixing damaged DNA, and transcription is the process of creating mRNA from DNA. None of these processes directly involve the conversion of mRNA into amino acid sequences, making translation the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The number of polymerase enzymes in the Escherichia coli is …….
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1
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2
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3
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4
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
Escherichia coli is a bacterium that typically contains two polymerase enzymes, DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III. These enzymes are responsible for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. DNA polymerase I has a role in removing RNA primers during replication, while DNA polymerase III is the main enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is 2, indicating that there are two polymerase enzymes in Escherichia coli.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the number of codons on the mRNA of a certain virus that its nucleic acid consists of 1800 base pairs, knowing that the whole molecule represents a genetic code?
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1800
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3600
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5400
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600
Correct Answer
A. 600Explanation
The number of codons on the mRNA of a certain virus can be determined by dividing the number of base pairs in its nucleic acid by 3, since each codon consists of 3 nucleotides. In this case, the virus has 1800 base pairs, so dividing this by 3 gives us 600 codons. Therefore, the correct answer is 600.Rate this question:
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- 5.
One of the following is not used in preparing a recombinant DNA …….
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Restriction endonuclease
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Plasmid
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DNA from two different species
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Deoxy-ribonuclease
Correct Answer
A. Deoxy-ribonucleaseExplanation
Deoxy-ribonuclease is not used in preparing a recombinant DNA because it is an enzyme that breaks down DNA into smaller fragments. In the process of creating recombinant DNA, restriction endonucleases are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, plasmids are used as vectors to carry the recombinant DNA, and DNA from two different species is combined to create the desired genetic material. Deoxy-ribonuclease does not have a role in this process.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A student reads the following sequence of mRNA bases: UACGAGAACCGA. He divides it up into the following codons: UACG AGAA CCGA. What is wrong with this sequence of codons?
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The codons overlap.
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Codons should be 3 bases long.
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Codons should be read as DNA bases.
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There is nothing wrong; this sequence is correct.
Correct Answer
A. Codons should be 3 bases long.Explanation
The given sequence of codons, UACG AGAA CCGA, is incorrect because codons should be 3 bases long. In the mRNA sequence, codons are groups of three bases that specify a particular amino acid. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. Therefore, it is necessary for codons to consist of exactly three bases in order to accurately encode the correct amino acid sequence.Rate this question:
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- 7.
How many DNA double strands are obtained from one DNA double strand after 4 cycles in PCR?
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4
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8
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16
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32
Correct Answer
A. 16Explanation
In PCR, each cycle doubles the amount of DNA. Therefore, after 4 cycles, the DNA double strand would have undergone 2^4 (2 raised to the power of 4) amplifications, resulting in 16 DNA double strands.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is not a necessary component of translation?
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Anticodon
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The mRNA
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Ligase
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Amino acid
Correct Answer
A. LigaseExplanation
Ligase is not a necessary component of translation because it is not directly involved in the process of protein synthesis. Translation is the process by which the mRNA molecule is used as a template to assemble a sequence of amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. Anticodon is a necessary component as it is part of the tRNA molecule and helps in matching the codons on the mRNA with the appropriate amino acids. The mRNA molecule itself is essential as it carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are necessary for protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The promoter is a sequence of nucleotides found on ......
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The rRNA
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The tRNA
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The mRNA
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The DNA
Correct Answer
A. The DNAExplanation
The promoter is a sequence of nucleotides found on the DNA. It is located upstream of a gene and serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase, which initiates the transcription process. The promoter region contains specific nucleotide sequences that determine the efficiency and specificity of gene transcription.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The followings are some events that take place during protein synthesis. Which is the correct order of these events?
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C-B-A-E-D
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B-E-A-C-D
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D-A-E-C-B
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B-C-E-D-A
Correct Answer
A. B-E-A-C-DExplanation
The correct order of events during protein synthesis is B-E-A-C-D. This means that first, the DNA molecule unwinds and unzips, exposing the template strand. Then, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and begins transcription, where a complementary RNA strand is synthesized. Next, the RNA molecule is modified and processed, including the removal of introns and addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail. After that, the mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it binds to a ribosome. Finally, translation occurs, where the sequence of codons on the mRNA is read by tRNA molecules, resulting in the synthesis of a protein.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In a protein molecule, amino acids bonded with each other by ……..
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Nitrogenous bases
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Peptide bonds
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Phosphate groups
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Hydrogen bonds
Correct Answer
A. Peptide bondsExplanation
Peptide bonds are the type of chemical bonds that connect amino acids together in a protein molecule. These bonds form through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This reaction results in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. Peptide bonds are essential for the structure and function of proteins as they create the linear chain of amino acids that fold and interact to form the three-dimensional structure of the protein.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Coded messages are transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by means of the ……….. molecule.
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Transfer RNA
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Ribosomal RNA
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Messenger RNA
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DNA
Correct Answer
A. Messenger RNAExplanation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for transferring coded messages from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. mRNA acts as a template for protein synthesis, carrying the instructions for the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. This process is known as transcription, and mRNA plays a crucial role in the transfer of genetic information and protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following does the figure shown below represent?
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Protein synthesis in cells of a Bean plant
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DNA replication in cells of a dog
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Transcription and translation in an E. coli cell
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Transcription of DNA to RNA in Streptococcus Bacteria
Correct Answer
A. Transcription and translation in an E. coli cellExplanation
The figure shown below represents transcription and translation in an E. coli cell. Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, and translation is the process of synthesizing proteins using the information encoded in the RNA. In an E. coli cell, both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm, allowing for the rapid production of proteins. This is in contrast to eukaryotic cells, where transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the correct answer is transcription and translation in an E. coli cell.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the mRNA that can be transcribed from the following sequence of DNA: 5’- C-C-G-T-A-T-G-C-T-G-C-C-3’
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5’-C-C-G-U-A-U-G-C-U-G-C-C-3’
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5’-C-C-G-T-A-T-G-C-T-G-C-C-3’
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3’-G-G-C-A-U-A-C-G-A-C-G-G-5’
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3’-C-C-G-T-A-T-G-C-T-G-C-C-5’
Correct Answer
A. 5’-C-C-G-U-A-U-G-C-U-G-C-C-3’Explanation
The correct answer is 5’-C-C-G-U-A-U-G-C-U-G-C-C-3’ because in mRNA, the base thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U). Therefore, the mRNA transcribed from the given DNA sequence would have the same sequence except for the replacement of T with U.Rate this question:
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- 15.
To form a protein of 150 amino acids, the number of nucleotides found on the mRNA is at least …….. nucleotides.
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50
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150
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300
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450
Correct Answer
A. 450Explanation
To form a protein of 150 amino acids, each amino acid is coded by a sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA. Therefore, the number of nucleotides needed is 150 x 3 = 450 nucleotides.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The least number of nucleotides in the mRNA molecules needed to form a polypeptide chain formed of 21 amino acids equals ……..
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21
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42
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63
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69
Correct Answer
A. 63Explanation
To form a polypeptide chain, each amino acid is coded by a sequence of three nucleotides called a codon. Therefore, to determine the number of nucleotides needed, we multiply the number of amino acids (21) by 3. This gives us a total of 63 nucleotides required to form a polypeptide chain of 21 amino acids.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What are the two enzymes needed for the process shown in the figure below?
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DNA polymerase – DNA ligase
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Restriction endonuclease – DNA ligase
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Reverse transcriptase – DNA polymerase
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RNA polymerase – Deoxyribonuclease
Correct Answer
A. Restriction endonuclease – DNA ligaseExplanation
The correct answer is "Restriction endonuclease - DNA ligase" because the process shown in the figure is likely a DNA cloning process, where a DNA fragment is cut using a restriction endonuclease and then inserted into a vector using DNA ligase. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites, and DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together. This process is commonly used in molecular biology to create recombinant DNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What are the numbers (1) and (2) respectively refer to in the process shown in the figure below?
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DNA single strands – polymerase
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DNA single strands – restriction endonuclease
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Sticky ends – ligase
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Sticky ends – reverse transcriptase
Correct Answer
A. Sticky ends – ligaseExplanation
The numbers (1) and (2) in the process shown in the figure refer to the DNA fragments that have been cut by a restriction endonuclease. The sticky ends of these fragments are then joined together using the enzyme ligase.Rate this question:
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- 19.
On measuring the percentage of nitrogenous bases of a nucleic acid in a living organism it was, A =18% , G =32% , T = 18% and C = 32%. So this nucleic acid is ……..
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DNA double helix
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Single-stranded DNA
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Transfer RNA
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Ribosomal RNA
Correct Answer
A. DNA double helixExplanation
The given percentages of nitrogenous bases (A, G, T, and C) in the nucleic acid match the base pairing rules of DNA. In DNA, A pairs with T and G pairs with C. The equal percentages of A and T (18%) and G and C (32%) suggest that the nucleic acid is a DNA double helix.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The following figure illustrates the technique of DNA hybridization. Which statement is true for that figure?
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The temperature needed to melt the hybrid DNA “Human/FLY’ is less than that needed for the hybrid DNA “Human/Chimp”
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There is a greater extent of complementary base sequences in the hybrid DNA “Human/Chimp” than in the hybrid DNA “Human/Fly”
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The hybrid molecule “Human/Chimp” is formed faster than the hybrid DNA “Human/Fly”
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All the above.
Correct Answer
A. All the above.Explanation
The correct answer is "All the above" because the figure illustrates that the temperature needed to melt the hybrid DNA "Human/FLY" is less than that needed for the hybrid DNA "Human/Chimp". Additionally, there is a greater extent of complementary base sequences in the hybrid DNA "Human/Chimp" than in the hybrid DNA "Human/Fly". Lastly, the hybrid molecule "Human/Chimp" is formed faster than the hybrid DNA "Human/Fly". Therefore, all of the statements are true based on the given figure.Rate this question:
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- 21.
…….. is from the structural proteins.
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Pepsin
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Trypsin
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Thyroxin
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Keratin
Correct Answer
A. KeratinExplanation
Keratin is a structural protein that is found in the outer layer of the skin, hair, nails, and other tissues. It provides strength and protection to these structures. Pepsin and trypsin are digestive enzymes, while thyroxin is a hormone. Therefore, the correct answer is keratin, as it is the only option that is a structural protein.Rate this question:
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- 22.
……. is an important site on the tRNA
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Site of attachment with the amino acid
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Start and stop codons
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Peptidyl site
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Amino acyl site
Correct Answer
A. Site of attachment with the amino acidExplanation
The correct answer is "Site of attachment with the amino acid." This is because the tRNA molecule has a specific site, called the acceptor stem, where it binds with a specific amino acid. This site ensures that the correct amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule, which is essential for protein synthesis. The tRNA molecule then carries the amino acid to the ribosome, where it is used to assemble the growing polypeptide chain.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following determines which amino acid binds to tRNA?
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The genetic code on the DNA
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The anticodon on the tRNA
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The codon on the mRNA
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The site of attachment on tRNA
Correct Answer
A. The anticodon on the tRNAExplanation
The anticodon on the tRNA determines which amino acid binds to it. The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA. This complementary base pairing allows the tRNA to recognize and bind to the specific codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis. The anticodon ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain according to the genetic code.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The mRNA responsible for the synthesis of collagen protein can be obtained from ……
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Keratinocytes in skin epidermis
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Melanocytes present in the epidermis
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Fibroblasts in connective tissue
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Melanocytes present in the hair follicles
Correct Answer
A. Fibroblasts in connective tissueExplanation
Fibroblasts in connective tissue are responsible for the synthesis of collagen protein. Collagen is a major component of connective tissue and fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce and maintain collagen. Keratinocytes in skin epidermis and melanocytes in both epidermis and hair follicles are not directly involved in collagen synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is fibroblasts in connective tissue.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following compounds may enter in the composition of the structure in the square (X)?
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Ribose, guanine
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Ribose, adenine
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Deoxyribose, thymine
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Deoxyribose, cytosine
Correct Answer
A. Ribose, guanineExplanation
The structure in the square (X) is most likely referring to the structure of DNA or RNA, as ribose and guanine are components of nucleic acids. Ribose is a sugar molecule that is present in both DNA and RNA, while guanine is one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. Therefore, ribose and guanine can both enter into the composition of the structure in the square (X).Rate this question:
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- 26.
The following sequence represents a part of the gene responsible for the formation of the melanine protein pigments that form the skin colour. 3’ – GAC- AAA- CAG- ACC- TAC- GTA – 5’ Use the table of codons shown below to determine which of the following sequences shows an albinism character (no melanine)?
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3’- GAG – AAA – CAA – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’
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3’- GAG – AAA – CAT – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’
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3’- GAG – AAA – TAC – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’
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3’- GAG – AAA – CAC – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’
Correct Answer
A. 3’- GAG – AAA – TAC – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’Explanation
The correct answer is 3’- GAG – AAA – TAC – ACC – TAC – GTA- 5’. This sequence shows an albinism character because the codon "TAC" in the second position codes for the amino acid tyrosine, which is necessary for the production of melanin. In albinism, there is a mutation in the gene responsible for producing melanin, resulting in a lack of pigment and lighter skin color. Therefore, the presence of the "TAC" codon in this sequence indicates that it cannot produce melanin, leading to an albinism character.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A specific person's hair can link a suspect or a victim to a crime scene because ……...
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The hair is almost entirely made up of the protein keratin
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The hair analysis can help in the determination of age
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The hair has cells containing DNA that carries all the genetic information
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The hair analysis can determine the sex of the person
Correct Answer
A. The hair has cells containing DNA that carries all the genetic informationExplanation
Hair contains cells that have DNA, which carries all the genetic information of an individual. This DNA can be used to link a suspect or a victim to a crime scene through DNA analysis. DNA analysis can match the genetic profile found in the hair to the genetic profile of the suspect or victim, providing evidence of their presence at the crime scene.Rate this question:
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- 28.
One of the objectives for the "Human Genome Project" is to discover the genes that would aid in “gene therapy”. Which of the following cases is not treated with gene therapy?
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Mutated genes
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Klinefelter syndrome
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Improving the body's ability to fight disease
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Absence of a gene
Correct Answer
A. Klinefelter syndromeExplanation
Gene therapy is a treatment that involves modifying or replacing genes to treat or prevent diseases. It can be used to treat various conditions caused by mutated genes, such as genetic disorders or certain types of cancer. It can also be used to improve the body's ability to fight disease by enhancing the immune system. In the case of the absence of a gene, gene therapy can be used to introduce a functional copy of the gene. However, Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Gene therapy is not currently used to treat Klinefelter syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What sequence does restriction enzyme EcoRI. recognize to cut?
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GA
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CTTAAG
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TTAA
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AATT
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GAATTC
Correct Answer
A. GAATTCExplanation
The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes and cuts the sequence GAATTC.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The mechanism of Hpal enzyme is demonstrated in the diagram provided. What term is given to the cuts that Hpal leaves?
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Blunt ends
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Sticky ends
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Closed ends
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Short ends
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Open ends
Correct Answer
A. Blunt endsExplanation
The diagram demonstrates that the cuts made by the Hpal enzyme are straight and do not leave any overhangs or single-stranded ends. This type of cut is known as a blunt end.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Samples of DNA are taken from two organisms and mixed with restriction enzyme BamHI. The restriction enzyme cuts the DNA from organism A into three sections but cuts the DNA from organism B into only two. What does this suggest about the DNA of the organisms?
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Organism A has fewer BamHI recognition sequences in their DNA than organism B.
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Organism A has more BamHI recognition sequences in their DNA than organism B.
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The DNA of organism B is longer than that of organism A.
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The sample taken from organism B was not mixed with enough restriction enzymes.
Correct Answer
A. Organism A has more BamHI recognition sequences in their DNA than organism B.Explanation
This suggests that organism A has more BamHI recognition sequences in their DNA compared to organism B. This is because the restriction enzyme BamHI cuts the DNA from organism A into three sections, indicating that there are more recognition sites for the enzyme to bind and cut. In contrast, the DNA from organism B is only cut into two sections, suggesting that there are fewer recognition sites for the enzyme.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following would be an example of an organism modified by genetic engineering?
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Cows that produce large amounts of milk and have high fertility were selected to breed over cows that do not to create modern dairy cows.
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Golden rice is produced by inserting the gene for vitamin A production into the genome of common rice strains.
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Pugs with a small body and flat face were bred together to make characteristics that were more desired by humans.
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Legumes, like peas and beans, have nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their roots, which helps increase soil nitrogen.
Correct Answer
A. Golden rice is produced by inserting the gene for vitamin A production into the genome of common rice strains.Explanation
Golden rice is an example of an organism modified by genetic engineering because it involves the insertion of a specific gene into the genome of common rice strains. This gene is responsible for the production of vitamin A, which is not naturally found in rice. By genetically modifying the rice, scientists have created a variety that can produce this essential nutrient, potentially addressing vitamin A deficiency in populations that rely heavily on rice as a staple food.Rate this question:
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- 33.
RNA can be categorized into different types based on its role in the body. Which type of RNA is formed after a section of coding DNA has undergone transcription?
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rRNA
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tRNA
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siRNA
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mRNA
Correct Answer
A. mRNAExplanation
mRNA, or messenger RNA, is formed after a section of coding DNA has undergone transcription. Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary mRNA molecule. This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. Therefore, mRNA plays a crucial role in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA to the protein-making machinery of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following statements are true regarding recombinant-DNA technology?
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Is used to obtain large number of copies of specific DNA fragments
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Is used to obtain large quantities of the protein produced by the concerned gene
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Is used to integrate gene of interest into chromosomes where it expresses itself
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All of them
Correct Answer
A. All of themExplanation
Recombinant-DNA technology is a technique used in genetic engineering to manipulate DNA sequences. It involves combining DNA fragments from different sources to create a new DNA molecule. This technology can be used to obtain large numbers of copies of specific DNA fragments, which is useful for various applications such as DNA sequencing and cloning. It can also be used to obtain large quantities of the protein produced by the concerned gene, as the recombinant DNA can be inserted into host cells that will produce the desired protein. Additionally, recombinant-DNA technology can be used to integrate a gene of interest into chromosomes, where it will express itself. Therefore, all of the given statements are true regarding recombinant-DNA technology.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A recombinant DNA molecule is produced by .....
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Joining of two DNA fragments of the same organism.
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Joining of more than two DNA fragments of the same organism.
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Joining of two DNA fragments originating from different organisms.
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Joining two mRNA molecules.
Correct Answer
A. Joining of two DNA fragments originating from different organisms.Explanation
A recombinant DNA molecule is produced by joining two DNA fragments originating from different organisms. This process is known as genetic recombination and is commonly used in genetic engineering to create new combinations of genes. By combining DNA from different organisms, scientists can introduce new traits or characteristics into an organism, such as producing insulin in bacteria or creating genetically modified crops. This technique has revolutionized many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.Rate this question:
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- 36.
A student reads the following sequence of mRNA bases: UACGAGAACCG. He divides it up into the following codons: UAC CGA AGA AAC CCG. What is wrong with this sequence of codons?
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Codons should be read as DNA bases.
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The codons overlap.
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Codons should be 4 bases long.
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There is nothing wrong; the sequence is correct.
Correct Answer
A. The codons overlap.Explanation
The codons overlap in this sequence, which means that the grouping of bases is incorrect. Codons are non-overlapping sequences of three bases that code for specific amino acids in a protein. In this case, the codons should be UAC, CGA, AGA, AAC, and CCG, but the student has grouped them as UAC, CGA, AGA, AAC, CCG. This means that the second and third bases of each codon are being included in the previous codon, resulting in an incorrect sequence.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Bacteria produce ---------- when infected by a Bacteriophage.
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Restriction enzymes then ligase enzymes
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Modified enzymes then polymerase enzymes
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Restriction enzymes then modified enzymes
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Modified enzymes then restriction enzymes
Correct Answer
A. Modified enzymes then restriction enzymesExplanation
When bacteria are infected by a Bacteriophage, they produce modified enzymes. These modified enzymes then activate restriction enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is "Modified enzymes then restriction enzymes."Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following enzymes in bacteria are responsible for restricting the growth of viruses?
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Reverse transciptase
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Restriction endonuclease
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Peptidyl transferase
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Ligases
Correct Answer
A. Restriction endonucleaseExplanation
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes found in bacteria that play a crucial role in the defense against viral infections. These enzymes are responsible for cutting viral DNA at specific recognition sites, thereby restricting the growth and replication of viruses. This mechanism is part of the bacterial immune system and helps to protect the bacteria from viral invasion. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in retroviruses, not bacteria. Peptidyl transferase is an enzyme involved in protein synthesis, and ligases are enzymes involved in joining DNA fragments.Rate this question:
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- 39.
At what temperature do denaturation of DNA double helix takes place in the PCR?
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60˚
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54˚
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74˚
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94˚
Correct Answer
A. 94˚Explanation
The denaturation of the DNA double helix takes place in the PCR at a temperature of 94˚. This high temperature is necessary to separate the two strands of the DNA molecule, allowing for the amplification of specific DNA sequences during the PCR process.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A section in the nucleic acid marks the end of a gene during transcription process .....
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Promoter
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Terminator
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Releasing factor
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RNA polymerase
Correct Answer
A. TerminatorExplanation
The section in the nucleic acid that marks the end of a gene during the transcription process is called the terminator. The terminator signals the RNA polymerase to stop transcribing the gene and release the newly formed RNA molecule. This is an essential step in gene expression as it ensures that the correct portion of the gene is transcribed and that the RNA molecule is properly formed. The promoter, on the other hand, marks the start of a gene and signals the RNA polymerase to begin transcription. The releasing factor is involved in the termination of protein synthesis, not transcription.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Protein synthesis refers to the ......
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Process of formation of amino acids directly from a DNA template.
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Process of formation of mRNA from DNA template.
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Process of formation of amino acids from mRNA.
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Process of duplicating DNA required for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer
A. Process of formation of amino acids from mRNA.Explanation
Protein synthesis refers to the process of formation of amino acids from mRNA. This is because mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for the assembly of amino acids into proteins. The ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it to determine the order of amino acids in the protein chain. This process is essential for the production of proteins, which play a crucial role in various biological functions.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Translocation in protein synthesis begins with the .........
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Movement of tRNA from A-site to P-site.
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Movement of dipeptidyl tRNA from A-site to P-site.
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Movement of tRNA from P-site to A-site.
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Movement of tRNA from P-site to E-site.
Correct Answer
A. Movement of dipeptidyl tRNA from A-site to P-site.Explanation
The correct answer is "Movement of dipeptidyl tRNA from A-site to P-site." During protein synthesis, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand in a process called translocation. This movement involves shifting the tRNA molecules bound to the A-site and P-site of the ribosome. The A-site holds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA, while the P-site holds the peptidyl-tRNA. The correct answer indicates the movement of the dipeptidyl-tRNA, which is a tRNA molecule carrying a dipeptide, from the A-site to the P-site. This movement allows the ribosome to add the incoming amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The AquAdvantage salmon is a genetically engineered species of fish; the genes that regulate the release of the growth hormone have been altered in this species. This enables the salmon to grow faster and to grow all year round. What is the advantage of this?
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This species of salmon requires less nutrition, so it puts less strain on the ecosystem.
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This species of salmon can establish dominance in its native ecosystem.
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This species of salmon can be bred with other species to create better-adapted fish.
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This species of salmon can provide a higher quantity of food faster.
Correct Answer
A. This species of salmon can provide a higher quantity of food faster.Explanation
The advantage of the AquAdvantage salmon is that it can provide a higher quantity of food faster. This is because the genetic modification allows the salmon to grow faster and all year round. By growing at an accelerated rate, more salmon can be produced in a shorter amount of time, increasing the overall quantity of food available. This can be beneficial in addressing food scarcity and meeting the growing demand for seafood.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects the lungs and reproductive system of the sufferer. Why would someone with a history of cystic fibrosis in the family want their genome mapped before they had a child?
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To determine the sex of the child before it was born
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To determine if they were a carrier of the disease
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To determine how easy it would be for them to become pregnant
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To determine the characteristics of the child
Correct Answer
A. To determine if they were a carrier of the diseaseExplanation
Someone with a history of cystic fibrosis in the family would want their genome mapped before having a child to determine if they are a carrier of the disease. This is important because if they are a carrier, there is a chance that they could pass the disease on to their child. By knowing their carrier status, they can make informed decisions about family planning and potentially seek genetic counseling or other medical interventions to reduce the risk of passing on the disease to their child.Rate this question:
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- 45.
In eukaryotes, the process of transcription produces pre-mRNA. Which of the following processes is involved in converting this pre-mRNA into mRNA, ready for translation?
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Methylation
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Splicing
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Mutation
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Duplication
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Mitosis
Correct Answer
A. SplicingExplanation
Splicing is the process involved in converting pre-mRNA into mRNA in eukaryotes. During splicing, introns (non-coding regions) are removed from the pre-mRNA and exons (coding regions) are joined together to form mature mRNA. This process ensures that only the necessary coding regions are present in the final mRNA molecule, which can then be translated into proteins. Methylation refers to the addition of a methyl group to DNA and does not directly convert pre-mRNA into mRNA. Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence and does not specifically involve the conversion of pre-mRNA. Duplication refers to the replication of DNA segments and is not directly involved in the conversion of pre-mRNA. Mitosis is a cell division process and is not related to the conversion of pre-mRNA into mRNA.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The diagram provided outlines the main stages of transcription in an incorrect order. Use the letters to state the correct order.
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W ⟶ Y ⟶ X ⟶ Z
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W ⟶ Z ⟶ Y ⟶ X
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W ⟶ Y ⟶ Z ⟶ X
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Y ⟶ W ⟶ X ⟶ Z
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Y ⟶ Z ⟶ W ⟶ X
Correct Answer
A. W ⟶ Y ⟶ Z ⟶ X -
- 47.
Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an RNA molecule?
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An RNA molecule is formed of a single strand of nucleotides joined by a sugar–phosphate backbone.
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An RNA molecule is formed of two strands of amino acids joined by hydrogen bonds that form between the amino groups.
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An RNA molecule is formed of a single strand of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
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An RNA molecule is formed of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds that form between complementary base pairs.
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An RNA molecule is formed when two DNA molecules interact and join together to form a more complex structure.
Correct Answer
A. An RNA molecule is formed of a single strand of nucleotides joined by a sugar–phosphate backbone.Explanation
An RNA molecule is formed of a single strand of nucleotides joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. This is the correct answer because RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides. The nucleotides are linked together by a sugar-phosphate backbone, which forms the structural framework of the RNA molecule. The other options are incorrect because they describe the structure of DNA or proteins, not RNA.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The maximum number of different genetic codes for amino acids on mRNA is …...
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3
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20
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61
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64
Correct Answer
A. 64Explanation
The maximum number of different genetic codes for amino acids on mRNA is 64.
This number comes from the different combinations possible with the nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil) in sets of three, known as codons. Each codon specifies an amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. There are 4 bases and 3 positions in each codon (4^3), resulting in 64 possible codons.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The ------- is responsible for reading the language of the amino acids and nucleotides.
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Transfer RNA
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RNA polymerase
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Messenger RNA
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Ribosome
Correct Answer
A. Transfer RNAExplanation
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for reading the language of the amino acids and nucleotides. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon sequence that is complementary to a specific codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). This allows the tRNA to recognize and bind to the corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. Therefore, tRNA plays a crucial role in the translation process, decoding the genetic information and facilitating the synthesis of proteins.Rate this question:
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Sep 02, 2024Quiz Edited by
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May 27, 2021Quiz Created by
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