Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Ace Your Biology Exam by passing Biology Mock Test about RNA and Protein Synthesis
U – A – C – G
A – A – C – G
A – U – G – C
A – A – G – C
Restriction enzymes then ligase enzymes
Modified enzymes then polymerase enzymes
Restriction enzymes then modified enzymes
Modified enzymes then restriction enzymes
10
20
30
40
3
20
61
64
30
90
15
45
Ribosomes
tRNA
mRNA
All the previous
Transfer RNA
RNA polymerase
Messenger RNA
Ribosome
DNA
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosome
Joining of two DNA fragments of the same organism.
Joining of more than two DNA fragments of the same organism.
Joining of two DNA fragments originating from different organisms.
Joining two mRNA molecules.
Is used to obtain large number of copies of specific DNA fragments
Is used to obtain large quantities of the protein produced by the concerned gene
Is used to integrate gene of interest into chromosomes where it expresses itself
All of them
Reverse transciptase
Restriction endonuclease
Peptidyl transferase
Ligases
Ligase
Endonuclease
Gyrase
Peptidyl transferase
4
8
16
32
60˚
54˚
74˚
94˚
42˚
54˚
74˚
96˚
Polymerase – Taq polymerase
Template – double stranded DNA
Primer – small number of nucleotides
Synthesis – 5’ to 3’ direction
The more similar the DNA, the higher the DNA melting temperature
The less similar the DNA, the more hydrogen bonds will be formed
Unrelated species are more likely to share genetic similarities
Only species living in the same region will have similar DNA
To look for species' relatedness
To look for changes in gene expression
To understand the mechanisms of evolution in isolated populations
To decrease genetic mutation in a population
Replication
DNA repair
Translation
Transcription
Stop codon
Releasing factor
Terminator
Poly-adenine tail
Promoter
Terminator
Releasing factor
RNA polymerase
It translates genetic code to a specific amino acid.
It modifies mRNA molecules prior to protein synthesis.
It provides a genetic map for the protein.
It catalyzes the process.
It translates genetic code to a specific amino acid.
It modifies mRNA molecules prior to protein synthesis.
It provides a genetic map for the protein.
It catalyzes the process.
Process of formation of amino acids directly from a DNA template.
Process of formation of mRNA from DNA template.
Process of formation of amino acids from mRNA.
Process of duplicating DNA required for protein synthesis.
Peptidyl transfrase
Amino acyl-tRNA synthetase
Peptide polymerase
Peptidyl synthetase