Exam Review Unit 1 Cardiopulmonary A&p Of Resp System

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1. What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils?

Explanation

The pharyngeal tonsils are also called adenoids

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About This Quiz
Exam Review Unit 1 Cardiopulmonary A&p Of Resp System - Quiz

This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, focusing on the upper airway, its components, functions, and related clinical terms.

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2. What spoon-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing?

Explanation

The epiglottis is a broad, spoon-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that prevents the aspiration of foods and liquids by covering the opening of the larynx during swallowing.

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3. To what structure does the upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attach by a membrane?

Explanation

The upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attaches by a membrane to the hyoid bone.

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4. What is the secondary vital function of the larynx?

Explanation

Effort closure during exhalation (Valsalva’s maneuver) is an important secondary function of the larynx.

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5. Which of the following factors can alter the mucociliary transport mechanism?  I. Excessive bronchial secretions II. Tobacco smoke III. Hypoxia IV. Air pollution

Explanation

All of the listed factors can alter the mucociliary transport mechanism.

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6. In the adult male, approximately how many alveoli are present in the lungs?

Explanation

In the adult male lungs, approximately 300 million alveoli are present.

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7. Which alveolar cells are macrophages?

Explanation

Macrophages are Type III alveolar cells.

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8. When an acute asthma episode occurs, which quick relief agent is most commonly administered?

Explanation

Albuterol is the quick relief agent most commonly administered to provide quick relief of acute asthma symptoms.

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9. What is the term for the uppermost portion of the upright lung?

Explanation

The apex is the uppermost portion of the upright lung.

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10. What is the term for the therapeutic positional measures which utilize gravity to assist in secretion removal from the lungs?

Explanation

Postural drainage uses gravity to assist with secretion removal from the lungs

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11. What is the term for widening of the nostrils that can occur during respiratory distress?

Explanation

Nasal flaring is the term for the widening of the nostrils, especially seen in respiratory distress in newborns

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12. How many segmental bronchi are found in each of the lungs?

Explanation

There are 10 segmental bronchi in the right lung and 8 in the left lung.

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13. Which structures are nourished by the bronchial arteries?

Explanation

The brachial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree from the trachea through terminal bronchioles.

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14. Among pediatric patients, in which age range is epistaxis most prevalent?

Explanation

In pediatric patients, nosebleeds are most prevalent among the 2-10 year olds.

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15. Approximately what portion of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell?

Explanation

approximately 80% of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell.

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16. Which of the following can cause sinusitis? I. Upper respiratory infection II. Dental infection III. Air travel IV. Scuba diving

Explanation

All of the listed factors can cause sinusitis

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17. In the oral cavity, what is the term for the space between the teeth and lips?

Explanation

The space between the teeth and lips is called the vestibule.

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18. What is a common site for misplacement of endotracheal tubes during emergency intubation?

Explanation

During emergency intubation, the endotracheal tube could be misplaced into the esophagus

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19. What is not a common cause of posterior nosebleeds?

Explanation

Common causes of posterior nosebleeds include serious nose trauma, nasal mucosal infections, high blood pressure, nasal tumors, atherosclerosis, drug abuse, and leukemia.

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20. Where are mast cells located in the tracheobronchial tree?  I. Lamina propria II. Intra-alveolar septa III. Sub-mucosal glands

Explanation

Mast cells are scattered throughout the lamina propria, intralveolar septa, and submucosal glands.

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21. What is the term for the cartilaginous airways?

Explanation

The cartilaginous airways are collectively known as the conducting zone.

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22. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nose?

Explanation

The nose humdifies, warms, and filters the inspired gas, not food to the lower airway

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23. To what structure is the uvula attached?

Explanation

The uvula is attached to the soft palate.

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24. What is another name for the pharyngotympanic tubes?

Explanation

The pharyngotympanic tubes are also called auditory tubes.

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25. What is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children?

Explanation

Otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children.

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26. Which of the following is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by the parainfluenza virus?

Explanation

LTB is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by a parainfluenza virus.

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27. What is causative agent in the majority of cases of acute epiglottitis?

Explanation

The majority of acute epiglotittis cases is caused by Haemophilus inflenzae type B.

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28. Which cranial nerve innervates the submucosal glands?

Explanation

The tenth cranial nerve (vagus) innervates the submucosal glands.

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29. How many times per minute do the cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move?

Explanation

The cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move approximately 1500 times per minute.

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30. What is the primary component of the mucous blanket in the tracheobronchial tree?

Explanation

The mucous blanket is approximately ninety-five percent water.

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31. Which neurotransmitter is released when the parasympathetic system is activated?

Explanation

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.

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32. Which of the following are primary components of the upper airway?

Explanation

The nose, oral cavity, and pharynx are the primary structures that compose the upper airway

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33. What is the term for the vessels adjacent to peribronchovascular lymphatic vessels?

Explanation

The vessels adjacent to the peribronchovascular lymphatics are called juxta-alveolar lymphatics.

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34. What effect does stimulation of the beta 2 receptors have on the pulmonary system?

Explanation

Stimulation of the beta 2 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation (bronchdilation).

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35. What is another term for conchae?

Explanation

The conchae in the nasal cavity are also called nasal turninates.

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36. How many pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium?

Explanation

Four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium.

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37. From what area deep in the lungs do lymphatic vessels arise?

Explanation

Lymphatic vessels arise from the loose space of the interstitium.

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38. What is the term for the openings created by the alae nasi and septal cartilage?

Explanation

The nares or nostrils are the openings formed by the alae nasi and septal cartilage.

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39. In which structure would vibrissae normally be found?

Explanation

Vibrissae are normally found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity.

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40. How many second generation bronchi would you find in a healthy adult tracheobronchial tree?

Explanation

There are 5 lobar or second generation bronchi in the tracheobronchial tree.

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41. What is the term for the openings in the walls of interalveolar septa?

Explanation

Pores of Kohn are openings in the walls of interalveolar septa.

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42. Where is the olfactory region located in the nasal cavity?

Explanation

The olfactory region is located near the superior and middle turbinates.

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43. What effect, if any, would be expected from the topical application of phenylephrine on the nasal mucosa?

Explanation

When phenylephrine is applied to the nasal mucosa, vasoconstriction should occur.

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44. Which laryngeal cartilage is primarily responsible for preventing food, liquids, and foreign bodies from entering the lower airways?

Explanation

The epiglottis normally protects the lower airway from aspiration.

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45. In an adult, at what angle does the left mainstem bronchus branch from the trachea?

Explanation

In the adult, the left mainstem bronchus branches from the trachea at an angle between 40 and 60 degrees.

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46. In cm, what is the average diameter of the adult trachea?

Explanation

The diameter of an adult trachea is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm.

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47. What is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea?

Explanation

The carina is the point of bifurcation of the trachea.

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48. What effect does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system have on the body? I. Dilates the pupils II. Causes bronchodilation III. Increases rate and force of cardiac contractions

Explanation

When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the pupils dilate, bronchodilation occurs and the heart beats faster and with more force.

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49. What is the term for the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Explanation

The potential space between the pleura is called the pleural cavity.

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50. What is the superior portion of the sternum called?

Explanation

The superior portion of the sternum is the manubrium sterni.

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51. What is the name of the structure that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Explanation

The lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

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52. Which laryngeal cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and forms a large portion of the posterior laryngeal wall?

Explanation

The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and forms most of the posterior laryngeal wall.

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53. What is the term for the viscous layer of the mucous blanket?

Explanation

The thicker layer of the mucous blanket is called the gel layer.

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54. When excessive secretions are present in the lungs, what term describes the sound heard by ascultation over large airways during exhalation?

Explanation

Rhonchi are heard over large airways during exhalation when secretions are present

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55. Approximately how many IgE receptor sites are present on a single mast cell?

Explanation

There are approximately 100,000 - 500,000 IgE receptor sites on the surface of each mast cell.

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56.  Which of the following structures form the anterior nasal septum?

Explanation

The anterior portion of the nasal septum if formed by the septal cartilage

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57. What type of epithelium lines the anterior third of the nasal cavity?

Explanation

The anterior third of the nasal cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

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58. How many ribs are identified as true ribs, attached directly to the sternum?

Explanation

The first seven ribs are referred to as true ribs.

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59. At which airway generation do Canals of Lambert appear?

Explanation

The Canals of Lambert are present in the terminal bronchioles between the 16th and 19th airway generation.

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60. How does the total cross-sectional area of the tracheobrochial tree change from the trachea to the respiratory zone?

Explanation

The total cross-sectional area increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then increases significantly in the respiratory zone.

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61. What is one of the most common iatrogenic complications from a thoracentesis?

Explanation

An iatrogenic pneumothorax is one of the most common complication from a thoracentesis.

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62. What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

Explanation

The oropharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

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63. Which of the cartilages of the larynx are unpaired?

Explanation

The unpaired laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages.

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64. What is the recommended "safe range" for endotracheal tube cuff pressures?

Explanation

The recommended safe range for cuff pressure is 20-25 mm Hg.

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65. In the healthy adult, what are the normal anterior boundaries of the lungs?

Explanation

In the healthy adult, the lungs extend anteriorly between the first and sixth ribs.

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66. Which structure extends from the base of the tongue to the upper end of the trachea?

Explanation

The larynx extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea.

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67. When degranulation of mast cells occurs and chemical mediators are released, which of the following would not occur in the lungs?

Explanation

Of the listed changes, only increased vascular permeability, increased mucus production, and vasodilation with edema would occur when mast cells

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68. Which of the following are functions of the upper airway? I. Conduction of gas to lower airway II. Prevent foreign materials from entering lower airway III. Warm, filter, and humidify inspired gas IV Aid in speech and smell

Explanation

The upper airway performs all of the listed functions

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69. The lymphatic channels are larger and more numerous in what location?

Explanation

The lymphatic channels on the left lower lobe are more numerous and larger in diameter than the lymphatic vessels on the surface of the right lower lobe.

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70. Which laryngeal muscles are primarily responsible for adduction of the vocal cords?

Explanation

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles cause the vocal cords to move together.

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71. At what point in the tracheobronchial tree are Clara cells present?

Explanation

Clara cells are found in the terminal bronchioles.

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72. In a pneumothorax, where does the abnormal collection of air accumulate?

Explanation

A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity.

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73. Which structures form the upper third of the nose? I. Nasal bones II. Frontal process of maxilla III. Lateral nasal cartilage IV. Greater alar cartilage

Explanation

The upper third of the nose is composed of the nasal bones and frontal process of the maxilla.

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74. Which vessel is the most commonly associated with massive hemorrhage following a tracheostomy?

Explanation

The innominate artery is most commonly associated with massive hemmorhage following a tracheostomy.

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75. In the lungs of a healthy young adult male, what is the average surface area available for gas exchange?

Explanation

In a healthy young male, there are approximately 70 square meters of surface area available for gas exchange.

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76. What is the term for inflammation of the pleural membranes?

Explanation

Inflammation of the pleural membranes is called pleurisy.

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77. Which structure extends from the posterior nares to the superior portion of the soft palate?

Explanation

The nasopharynx extends from the posterior portion of the nasal cavity to the superior portion of the soft palate.

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78. Which structure extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue?

Explanation

The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue.

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79. Which of the following sinuses are considered to be paranasal sinuses? I. Maxillary II. Frontal III. Ethmoid IV. Sphenoid

Explanation

The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses.

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80. Which of the following are functions of the larynx? I. Passageway for gas II. Protects against aspiration III. Generation of sounds for speech IV. Warming and filtration of inspired gas

Explanation

The larynx conducts gas between the phaynx and trachea, protects against aspiration, and generates sound for speech.

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81. What is the space between the true vocal cords called?

Explanation

The space between the vocal cords is called the rima glottidis or glottis.

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82. On which portion(s) of the right lung surfaces would the majority of lymphatic vessels be located?

Explanation

The majority of lymphatic vessels are located over the surfaces of the lower lobes of the lungs.

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83. Which structures are contained in the mediastinum? I. Trachea II. Great vessels III. Portions of the esophagus IV. Pituitary gland

Explanation

The trachea, great vessels, and portions of the esophagus are contained in the mediastinum.

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84. Which structure moves in a "pump handle-like motion" during inspiration?

Explanation

The sternum moves up in a pump handle-like motion during inspiration and increases the anterior-posterior portion of the thorax.

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85. What is the submucosal layer of the tracheobronchial tree?

Explanation

The lamina propria is the submucosal layer of the tracheobronchial tree.

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86. At what level in the tracheobronchial tree are cilia completely absent?

Explanation

Cilia are absent from the epithelial cells of the respiratory bronchioles.

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87. What is the average thickness of the Type I alveolar cell?

Explanation

The average thickness of the Type I pneumocyte is 0.1 - 0.5 microns.

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88. Which structure form the lower two-thirds of the nose? I. Lateral nasal cartilage II. Lesser and greater alar cartilages III. Septal cartilage IV. Fibrous fatty tissue

Explanation

All of the listed structures compose the lower two-thirds of the nose

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89. In an adult, into which structure would an endotracheal tube likely enter if the tube is inadvertently advanced too far?

Explanation

An ET tube is likely to enter the right mainstem bronchus if advanced too far in an adult.

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90. In which portion of the primary lobule does the majority of gas exchange occur?

Explanation

The majority of gas exchange occurs in the tight space between the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium.

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91. What structure is located between the glossoepiglottic folds in the posterior oropharynx?

Explanation

The vallecula epiglottica is located between the glossoepiglottic folds in the posterior oropharynx.

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92. How many bronchopulmonary segments are located in the lower lobe of the right lung?

Explanation

There are five bronschopulmonary segments in the lower lobe of the right lung.

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93. What is the term for the abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural cavity?

Explanation

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity is called pleural effusion.

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94. In the newborn, at what angles do the right and left mainstem bronchi form with the trachea?

Explanation

In the newborn, both mainstem bronchi form a 55 degree angle with the trachea.

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95. What type of epithelium composes 95% of the alveolar surface?

Explanation

Ninety-five percent of the alveolar surface is lined with squamous or Type I pneumocytes.

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96. Which alveolar cells are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant?

Explanation

Type II pneumocytes are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant.

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97. Which nerves supply the primary motor innervation to the right and left hemidiaphragms?

Explanation

The hemidiaphragms receive their primary motor innervation from the terminal branches of the phrenic nerves.

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98. Which is not a wall layer for pulmonary arteries?

Explanation

The pulmonary arteries have three layers of tissue in their walls: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia.

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99. What is the general term for drugs that block the effects of the parasymphathetic nervous system on the bronchial smooth muscle?

Explanation

Drugs that block the parasympathetic system’s effect of constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle are called anticholinergic or parasympatholytic.

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100. What is another name for the palatine tonsils?

Explanation

The palatine tonsils are also called faucial tonsils.

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101. Which of the following are NOT accessory muscles of expiration?

Explanation

Of the listed muscle groups, only the pectoralis major muscle is NOT an accessory muscle of expiration.

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102. Which epithelium is present in the nasopharynx?

Explanation

The nasopharynx is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

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103. Which of the laryngeal cartilages are single? I. Cuneiform II. Thyroid III. Epiglottis IV. Cricoid

Explanation

The thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis are single cartilages of the larynx.

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104. Which of the following muscles pull the larynx and hyoid downward?

Explanation

The infrahyoid muscle group pull the larynx and hyoid downward.

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105. What type of epithelium extends from the trachea to the respiratory bronchioles?

Explanation

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extends from the trachea to the respiratory bronchioles.

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106. Which two muscles come together at the central tendon?

Explanation

The right and left hemidiaphragms merge into a broad connective sheet called the central tendon.

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107. What is another term for primary lobule? I. Acinus II. Functional units III. Terminal respiratory unit IV. Lung parenchyma

Explanation

Synonyms for primary lobule include acinus, terminal respiratory unit, lung parenchyma, and functional units.

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108. What type of epithelium is present in the pulmonary capillaries?

Explanation

The pulmoary capillaries are composed of squamous epithelial cells.

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109. Which type of epithelium is present in the larynx above the vocal cords?

Explanation

Above the cords, the larynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

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110. 109. Which of the following are scalene muscles? I. Anterior II. Exterior III. Medial IV. Posterior

Explanation

The anterior, medial, and posterior scalene muscles function as a unit.

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What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils?
What spoon-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure covers the opening of...
To what structure does the upper portion of the thyroid cartilage...
What is the secondary vital function of the larynx?
Which of the following factors can alter the mucociliary transport...
In the adult male, approximately how many alveoli are present in the...
Which alveolar cells are macrophages?
When an acute asthma episode occurs, which quick relief agent is most...
What is the term for the uppermost portion of the upright lung?
What is the term for the therapeutic positional measures which utilize...
What is the term for widening of the nostrils that can occur during...
How many segmental bronchi are found in each of the lungs?
Which structures are nourished by the bronchial arteries?
Among pediatric patients, in which age range is epistaxis most...
Approximately what portion of the sense of taste is reliant upon the...
Which of the following can cause sinusitis? ...
In the oral cavity, what is the term for the space between the teeth...
What is a common site for misplacement of endotracheal tubes during...
What is not a common cause of posterior nosebleeds?
Where are mast cells located in the tracheobronchial tree?  ...
What is the term for the cartilaginous airways?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nose?
To what structure is the uvula attached?
What is another name for the pharyngotympanic tubes?
What is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children?
Which of the following is a subglottic airway obstruction usually...
What is causative agent in the majority of cases of acute...
Which cranial nerve innervates the submucosal glands?
How many times per minute do the cilia in the tracheobronchial tree...
What is the primary component of the mucous blanket in the...
Which neurotransmitter is released when the parasympathetic system is...
Which of the following are primary components of the upper airway?
What is the term for the vessels adjacent to peribronchovascular...
What effect does stimulation of the beta 2 receptors have on the...
What is another term for conchae?
How many pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium?
From what area deep in the lungs do lymphatic vessels arise?
What is the term for the openings created by the alae nasi and septal...
In which structure would vibrissae normally be found?
How many second generation bronchi would you find in a healthy adult...
What is the term for the openings in the walls of interalveolar septa?
Where is the olfactory region located in the nasal cavity?
What effect, if any, would be expected from the topical application of...
Which laryngeal cartilage is primarily responsible for preventing...
In an adult, at what angle does the left mainstem bronchus branch from...
In cm, what is the average diameter of the adult trachea?
What is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea?
What effect does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system have on...
What is the term for the potential space between the visceral and...
What is the superior portion of the sternum called?
What is the name of the structure that secures the tongue to the floor...
Which laryngeal cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and forms a...
What is the term for the viscous layer of the mucous blanket?
When excessive secretions are present in the lungs, what term...
Approximately how many IgE receptor sites are present on a single mast...
 Which of the following structures form the anterior nasal...
What type of epithelium lines the anterior third of the nasal cavity?
How many ribs are identified as true ribs, attached directly to the...
At which airway generation do Canals of Lambert appear?
How does the total cross-sectional area of the tracheobrochial tree...
What is one of the most common iatrogenic complications from a...
What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?
Which of the cartilages of the larynx are unpaired?
What is the recommended "safe range" for endotracheal tube cuff...
In the healthy adult, what are the normal anterior boundaries of the...
Which structure extends from the base of the tongue to the upper end...
When degranulation of mast cells occurs and chemical mediators are...
Which of the following are functions of the upper airway? ...
The lymphatic channels are larger and more numerous in what location?
Which laryngeal muscles are primarily responsible for adduction of the...
At what point in the tracheobronchial tree are Clara cells present?
In a pneumothorax, where does the abnormal collection of air...
Which structures form the upper third of the nose? ...
Which vessel is the most commonly associated with massive hemorrhage...
In the lungs of a healthy young adult male, what is the average...
What is the term for inflammation of the pleural membranes?
Which structure extends from the posterior nares to the superior...
Which structure extends from the soft palate to the base of the...
Which of the following sinuses are considered to be paranasal...
Which of the following are functions of the larynx? ...
What is the space between the true vocal cords called?
On which portion(s) of the right lung surfaces would the majority of...
Which structures are contained in the mediastinum? ...
Which structure moves in a "pump handle-like motion" during...
What is the submucosal layer of the tracheobronchial tree?
At what level in the tracheobronchial tree are cilia completely...
What is the average thickness of the Type I alveolar cell?
Which structure form the lower two-thirds of the nose? ...
In an adult, into which structure would an endotracheal tube likely...
In which portion of the primary lobule does the majority of gas...
What structure is located between the glossoepiglottic folds in the...
How many bronchopulmonary segments are located in the lower lobe of...
What is the term for the abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural...
In the newborn, at what angles do the right and left mainstem bronchi...
What type of epithelium composes 95% of the alveolar surface?
Which alveolar cells are considered to be the source of pulmonary...
Which nerves supply the primary motor innervation to the right and...
Which is not a wall layer for pulmonary arteries?
What is the general term for drugs that block the effects of the...
What is another name for the palatine tonsils?
Which of the following are NOT accessory muscles of expiration?
Which epithelium is present in the nasopharynx?
Which of the laryngeal cartilages are single? ...
Which of the following muscles pull the larynx and hyoid downward?
What type of epithelium extends from the trachea to the respiratory...
Which two muscles come together at the central tendon?
What is another term for primary lobule? ...
What type of epithelium is present in the pulmonary capillaries?
Which type of epithelium is present in the larynx above the vocal...
109. Which of the following are scalene muscles? ...
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