ITEC A&p (Respiratory) Q&a
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- 1.
What is emphysema?
- A.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
- B.
Inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs
- C.
Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli
- D.
Inflammation of the lung tissue
Correct Answer
C. Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoliExplanation
Emphysema is a condition characterized by the loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs. This loss of elasticity leads to the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, causing them to become enlarged and unable to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. This results in difficulty breathing and reduced lung function. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, pleural lining, or lung tissue are not specific to emphysema and do not directly cause the characteristic symptoms of the condition.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the function of the bronchioles?
- A.
To prevent friction between the membranes of the lungs
- B.
To act as an air passage between the larnyx and the bronchi
- C.
To take air to the alveoli of the lungs
- D.
To act as an air passage that warms and moistens the air
Correct Answer
C. To take air to the alveoli of the lungsExplanation
The bronchioles are small airways in the lungs that branch out from the bronchi. Their main function is to transport air from the bronchi to the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. The bronchioles play a crucial role in delivering oxygen to the alveoli and removing carbon dioxide from them.Rate this question:
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- 3.
During inspiration what happens to the diaphragm?
- A.
It flattens outwards
- B.
It becomes dome-shaped
- C.
It enlarges outwards
- D.
It becomes oval-shaped
Correct Answer
A. It flattens outwardsExplanation
During inspiration, the diaphragm flattens outwards. This is because the diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, which causes it to flatten outwards. This movement increases the volume of the chest cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. As a result, the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by facilitating inhalation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to inspiration?
- A.
the diaphragm relaxes, becomes a dome shape and pushes up the chest cavity
- B.
The diaphragm contracts, becomes a dome shape and pushes up the chest cavity
- C.
The diaphragm relaxes, flattens out forming the bottom of the chest cavity
- D.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens out forming the bottom of the chest cavity
Correct Answer
D. The diaphragm contracts and flattens out forming the bottom of the chest cavityExplanation
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and flattens out, which causes it to move downward and increase the volume of the chest cavity. This increase in volume creates a negative pressure within the lungs, causing air to be drawn in.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the entrance and exit of air in and out of cells called?
- A.
Breathing
- B.
Gaseous exchange
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Filtration
Correct Answer
B. Gaseous exchangeExplanation
Gaseous exchange refers to the process of oxygen entering cells and carbon dioxide exiting cells. This occurs through the exchange of gases between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues. Oxygen is taken up by cells for cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from cells. This process is essential for the survival of cells and the overall functioning of the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is correct with regard to pneumonia?
- A.
it is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes which causes coughing
- B.
It is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
- C.
It is an inflammation of the pleural lining which causes shortness of breath
- D.
It is an inflammation of the sinuses which causes facial pain
Correct Answer
B. It is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infectionExplanation
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection. This infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Treatment for pneumonia usually involves antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the cause of the infection.Rate this question:
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- 7.
which of the following is correct during active exhalation (i.e. breathing out when exercising)
- A.
Diaphragm & external intercostals contract
- B.
Diaphragm and internal intercostals contract
- C.
Diaphragm relaxes and internal intercostals contract
- D.
Diaphragm relaxes and external intercostals relaxes
Correct Answer
D. Diaphragm relaxes and external intercostals relaxesExplanation
During active exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostal muscles also relax. This allows for the passive recoil of the lungs and chest wall, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease. As a result, the pressure inside the lungs increases, forcing air out of the respiratory system. The relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals allows for a more forceful and efficient exhalation, which is necessary during exercise to expel carbon dioxide and waste gases from the body.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the function of the pleural cavity?
- A.
To prevent friction between the layers of the lungs
- B.
To exchange gases between the layers of the lungs
- C.
To prevent a backflow of air between the layers of the lungs
- D.
To moisten the layers of the lungs
Correct Answer
A. To prevent friction between the layers of the lungsExplanation
The pleural cavity functions to prevent friction between the layers of the lungs. The pleural membranes that line the cavity and cover the lungs secrete a small amount of fluid, which acts as a lubricant. This allows the lungs to expand and contract smoothly during breathing without causing friction or discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 9.
which of the following is correct during active exhalation (i.e. breathing out when exercising)
- A.
Diaphragm & external intercostals contract
- B.
Diaphragm and internal intercostals contract
- C.
Diaphragm relaxes and internal intercostals contract
- D.
Diaphragm relaxes and external intercostals relaxes
Correct Answer
D. Diaphragm relaxes and external intercostals relaxesExplanation
During active exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostals relax. This is because when we exhale forcefully, the diaphragm moves upwards, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and compressing the lungs. At the same time, the external intercostal muscles relax, allowing the rib cage to move downwards and inwards, further aiding in the expulsion of air from the lungs. This coordinated relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals helps to generate the necessary pressure gradient for effective exhalation during exercise.Rate this question:
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- 10.
during inspiration what happens to the diaphragm?
- A.
It flattens out
- B.
It becomes dome shaped
- C.
It relaxes
- D.
It becomes oval-shaped
Correct Answer
A. It flattens outExplanation
During inspiration, the diaphragm flattens out. This is because the diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, causing it to flatten out. This movement increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. As a result, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.Rate this question:
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- 11.
External respiration is another name for:
- A.
Inhalation
- B.
Exhalation
- C.
Breathing
- D.
Gas exchange
Correct Answer
C. BreathingExplanation
External respiration refers to the process of breathing, which involves the inhalation and exhalation of air. It is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the external environment. Breathing is the action that allows this exchange to occur, as it involves the intake of oxygen through inhalation and the release of carbon dioxide through exhalation. Therefore, breathing is another term for external respiration.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What do bronchioles arise from?
- A.
Trachea
- B.
Alveoli
- C.
Terminal bronchioles
- D.
Bronchi
Correct Answer
D. BronchiExplanation
Bronchioles arise from the bronchi. The bronchi are the main passageways that branch off from the trachea and enter the lungs. As the bronchi continue to branch out within the lungs, they become smaller and eventually give rise to the bronchioles. These bronchioles are responsible for carrying air to the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. Therefore, the correct answer is bronchi.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the trachea lined with?
- A.
Mucous membrane
- B.
Ciliated epithelium
- C.
Serous membrane
- D.
Squamous epithelium
Correct Answer
B. Ciliated epitheliumExplanation
The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium. This type of epithelium is made up of cells that have tiny hair-like structures called cilia on their surface. The cilia move in coordinated waves, helping to sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the trachea and towards the throat, where they can be coughed up or swallowed. This mechanism helps to protect the lungs by clearing away any foreign particles or irritants that may have been inhaled.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the structure of the bronchi?
- A.
Hyaline cartilage and involuntary muscle
- B.
Hyaline cartilage and voluntary muscle
- C.
Hyaline cartilage and cardiac muscle
- D.
Hyaline cartilage and elastic tissue
Correct Answer
A. Hyaline cartilage and involuntary muscleExplanation
The structure of the bronchi consists of hyaline cartilage and involuntary muscle. Hyaline cartilage provides support and maintains the shape of the bronchi, while involuntary muscle allows for the contraction and relaxation of the bronchi, helping to regulate airflow.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What forms the adam,s apple?
- A.
Small masses of lymphoid tissue
- B.
Thyroid cartilage at the top of the Larynx
- C.
Pharyngeal tonsils
- D.
Palatine tonsils
Correct Answer
B. Thyroid cartilage at the top of the LarynxExplanation
The Adam's apple is formed by the thyroid cartilage at the top of the larynx. The thyroid cartilage is a large, shield-shaped cartilage that sits on top of the larynx and is more prominent in males due to hormonal differences. It helps protect the vocal cords and plays a role in producing sound.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The outer layer of the pleura is called the:
- A.
Parietal layer
- B.
Visceral layer
- C.
Hilum
- D.
Squamous layer
Correct Answer
A. Parietal layerExplanation
The outer layer of the pleura is called the parietal layer. This layer lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and is attached to the chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum. It provides protection and support to the lungs and helps to maintain their shape and position within the chest cavity. The visceral layer, on the other hand, covers the surface of the lungs themselves. The hilum is a specific area on the lung where blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter and exit. There is no such thing as a squamous layer of the pleura.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Where is the diaphragm positioned?
- A.
Above the lungs
- B.
Above the heart
- C.
Between chest cavity and abdominal cavity
- D.
Under the stomach
Correct Answer
C. Between chest cavity and abdominal cavityExplanation
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It is positioned between these two cavities and plays a crucial role in the process of breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and moves downward, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, pushing air out of the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is "Between chest cavity and abdominal cavity."Rate this question:
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- 18.
Where does the exchange of gasses in the lungs take place?
- A.
Trachea
- B.
Bronchioles
- C.
Bronchi
- D.
Alveoli
Correct Answer
D. AlveoliExplanation
The exchange of gases in the lungs takes place in the alveoli. Alveoli are small air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles. They are surrounded by capillaries, which allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood. Oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is expelled from the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled. This exchange of gases is vital for the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is correct with regard to pneumonia?
- A.
It is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes which causes coughing
- B.
It is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
- C.
It is an inflammation of the pleural lining which causes shortness of breath
- D.
It is an inflammation of the sinuses which causes facial pain
Correct Answer
B. It is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infectionExplanation
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the lung tissue. This inflammation can be caused by various types of infections, including bacterial, viral, or fungal. Symptoms of pneumonia often include cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Therefore, the correct answer is "It is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection."Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the function of the bronchioles?
- A.
To prevent friction between the membranes of the lungs
- B.
To act as an air passage between the larynx and the bronchi
- C.
To take air to the alveoli of the lungs
- D.
To act as an air passage that warms and moistens the air
Correct Answer
C. To take air to the alveoli of the lungsExplanation
The bronchioles are small airways in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi. Their main function is to transport air from the bronchi to the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. The bronchioles help to distribute air evenly throughout the lungs and deliver it to the alveoli, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is eliminated.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The structure of the pleura is:
- A.
" Yellow elastic connective tissue
- B.
" Areolar tissue
- C.
" Serous membrane
- D.
" Columnar epithelium tissue
Correct Answer
C. " Serous membraneExplanation
The pleura is a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs. It consists of two layers - the visceral pleura which covers the surface of the lungs, and the parietal pleura which lines the inner surface of the chest cavity. The serous membrane is composed of simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue. It helps to reduce friction between the lungs and the chest wall during breathing and provides a smooth surface for the lungs to expand and contract.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The function of the trachea include:
- A.
" Collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cells
- B.
" To act as a passageway between the larynx and pharynx
- C.
" To moisten and warm the air
- D.
" To allow exchange of gases to take place
Correct Answer
A. " Collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cellsExplanation
The trachea functions to collect foreign matter or bacteria through the goblet secretory cells. These cells produce mucus that traps particles and microbes, preventing them from entering the lungs. This is an important defense mechanism to protect the respiratory system from harmful substances.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Mar 08, 2018Quiz Created by
Wayne Duggan
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