Liver Functions And Disease Quiz! Trivia

In cirrhosis, hepatitis, myocardial infarction, and trauma, there is an increase in ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) levels. ALT and AST are enzymes found mainly in the liver, but they are also present in other organs like the heart and skeletal muscles. An increase in these enzymes indicates damage or inflammation in these organs. Therefore, in the mentioned conditions, there is an increase in ALT and AST levels.

Hepatitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the liver caused by various factors such as viruses, bacteria, toxins, obstruction, parasites, or drugs. Kidney disease and heart disease are not relevant to the given definition, so they are incorrect options.

Jaundice is a condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin and whites of the eyes. It occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment, in the blood. This can happen due to various reasons, such as liver disease, hepatitis, or blockage of the bile ducts. Jaundice can be a symptom of underlying conditions like cirrhosis, alcoholism, or kidney disease. Therefore, the correct answer is Jaundice.

The recommendations for a jaundice patient include avoiding oily and spicy food, taking rest, drinking at least 3 liters of water per day, and consuming an abundance of green leafy vegetables and juice. These measures are important as they help in reducing the workload on the liver, promoting detoxification, and providing essential nutrients for recovery. Therefore, all of the above recommendations should be followed by a jaundice patient.

Severe chronic liver disease with the liver having fibrosis and nodules is known as cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a condition where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, leading to impaired liver function. This can occur due to various causes such as chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, or fatty liver disease. The presence of fibrosis and nodules in the liver is a characteristic feature of cirrhosis, which can lead to complications such as portal hypertension, jaundice, and liver failure. Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other organs, while hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. Jaundice is a symptom characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, which can occur in various liver diseases including cirrhosis.

Wilson's Disease is a genetic disorder that causes excessive copper buildup in the body. This occurs due to a defect in the liver's ability to release copper into bile, resulting in its accumulation in various organs such as the liver, brain, and eyes. The excess copper damages these organs over time, leading to symptoms such as liver disease, neurological problems, and psychiatric disturbances. Therefore, Wilson's Disease directly relates to copper and its accumulation in the body.

In pancreatitis, there is inflammation of the pancreas. Over time, this inflammation can lead to the development of scar tissue, a process known as fibrosis. Fibrosis is the body's way of trying to repair damaged tissue, but in excess, it can lead to the loss of normal pancreatic function. Therefore, it is true that the pancreas may eventually become fibrotic in a pancreatitis patient.

Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced from the breakdown of old red blood cells (RBCs). When RBCs reach the end of their lifespan, they are broken down in the liver and spleen, releasing heme. This heme is then converted into bilirubin, which is further processed and excreted by the liver. Vitamin K and steroids do not play a direct role in the production of bilirubin, making the correct answer "Old RBC's".

Cholelithiasis refers to the formation of stones within the gallbladder or biliary duct. This condition occurs when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol or bilirubin, harden into stones. These stones can vary in size and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. Treatment options for cholelithiasis may include medication to dissolve the stones or surgery to remove the gallbladder.

The correct answer is "Nothing pass orally". This means that NPO refers to a medical instruction for a patient to abstain from consuming anything orally, usually before a medical procedure or surgery. This is done to ensure that the patient's stomach is empty and minimize the risk of complications during the procedure.

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. It is caused by long-term damage to the pancreas, usually due to excessive alcohol consumption or other underlying conditions. While diet modifications can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage, they cannot reverse the damage already done to the pancreas. Therefore, the statement that chronic pancreatitis is reversible and can be treated by diet is false.

In hepatic disease, there is an increase in the levels of ALT and AST, which are enzymes found in the liver. This is because the liver cells are damaged and these enzymes are released into the bloodstream. GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) is also increased in hepatic disease, indicating liver dysfunction. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and bilirubin levels are increased in hepatic disease. Alp is an enzyme found in the liver and bile ducts, and its elevation suggests obstruction or damage to the bile ducts. Bilirubin is a pigment produced by the liver, and its increase indicates impaired liver function. Therefore, all of the above markers are elevated in hepatic disease.

The hepatic vein is responsible for returning blood from the liver to the heart. After the liver processes and filters the blood, the hepatic vein carries the oxygenated blood back to the heart, where it can be pumped to the rest of the body. This is an important function as it allows the liver to receive oxygen-rich blood and ensures proper circulation throughout the body.

The correct answer is "Cancer has metastasized to more distant organs such as the lungs, or liver." This means that the cancer has spread from the pancreas to other organs in the body, specifically the lungs or liver. This indicates a more advanced stage of pancreatic cancer where the disease has progressed beyond the pancreas and has started to affect other vital organs.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the options listed (Diabetes, High fat diet, Industrial chemical exposure) are risk factors for pancreatic cancer except for "All of the above." In other words, none of the options listed are risk factors for pancreatic cancer.

The liver performs various functions related to carbohydrate metabolism, including glycogenesis (formation of glycogen from glucose), gluconeogenesis (production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources), and synthesis of mucopolysaccharides (complex carbohydrates found in connective tissues). However, the liver does not play a role in the synthesis of cholesterol, which is primarily produced in the liver, intestines, and other tissues. Cholesterol synthesis mainly occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, specifically in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The liver performs various functions in the body, including metabolism and excretion of hormones, production of bile, and storage of glycogen. However, it does not store bile. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder until it is needed for digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is "Bile storage."

The correct answer is 120g. Chronic pancreatitis is a condition that affects the pancreas and can lead to poor digestion and absorption of nutrients, including protein. Therefore, individuals with chronic pancreatitis may have increased protein needs to compensate for the reduced absorption. Since Ali's weight is 120Ib, it is recommended that he consumes 1g of protein per pound of body weight, resulting in a protein requirement of 120g.

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can be caused by various factors. Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels are commonly associated with pancreatitis, as they indicate pancreatic damage. Blockage or reflux of ductal contents into the pancreatic duct can also lead to pancreatitis. Alcoholism is a well-known cause of pancreatitis, as excessive alcohol consumption can damage the pancreas. However, elevated ALT and AST levels are not typically associated with pancreatitis. ALT and AST are liver enzymes, and their elevation usually indicates liver damage, not pancreatitis.

Stage II pancreatic cancer is characterized by the spread of cancer to the colon, spleen, stomach, or involvement of local major blood vessels, but it has not yet reached the lymph system. This means that the cancer has started to spread beyond the pancreas and its surrounding tissues, but it has not yet metastasized to distant organs such as the lungs or liver. The involvement of local major blood vessels indicates that the cancer has the potential to further spread and progress to a higher stage if left untreated.

Normally, unconjugated bilirubin is about 85-90% of the total, not conjugated bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin makes up a smaller percentage of the total bilirubin.

In left-sided heart failure, the left side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body. This results in a backup of blood in the lungs, not the liver. The liver is not directly affected by left-sided heart failure and therefore cannot function as a depot for the backed-up blood.

The protein needs for individuals with hepatitis are typically higher than for those without the condition. The recommended protein intake for individuals with hepatitis is around 1.2-1.5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. In this case, Ahmad's current weight is 60kg, so his protein needs would be approximately 60kg x 1.2-1.5g = 72-90g of protein. Among the given options, the closest value to this range is 70g, making it the correct answer.

In severe liver disease, the liver is unable to properly metabolize cholesterol, leading to decreased levels of cholesterol in the plasma rather than increased levels. Therefore, the statement that cholesterol will be high in plasma in severe liver disease is false.

If the bilirubin gets extremely high, it can cause kernicterus and brain damage. Kernicterus is a condition where there is a buildup of bilirubin in the brain, leading to neurological problems. Brain damage can occur as a result of the high levels of bilirubin affecting the brain's functioning. Therefore, both options A and C are correct, and the answer is "All of the above."