Do You Know Piliavin's Core Study Of Psychology?
Bystander apathy is the phenomenon of when observers of an emergency situation do not intervene, and it was tested by Piliaavin and other psychologists following the murder of Kitty Genovese in New York in 1964 because of not a single person out of 40 people who witnessed the murder that spanned for about half an hour tried to help the victim. Take this test and learn more about it!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the definition of altruism?
- A.
A desire to do good but expect a reward.
- B.
A desire to do good without expecting any rewards.
- C.
A desire to help.
Correct Answer
B. A desire to do good without expecting any rewards.Explanation
Altruism is defined as a desire to do good without expecting any rewards. It is the selfless act of helping others purely out of compassion and empathy, rather than seeking personal gain or recognition. Altruistic individuals are motivated by a genuine concern for the well-being and happiness of others, and they are willing to make sacrifices or put others' needs before their own. This definition highlights the importance of acting with pure intentions and without any ulterior motives or expectations of personal benefits.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The study aimed to:
- A.
Investigate reaction times to an emergency situation.
- B.
Investigate if helping behaviour was influenced by the number of people present.
- C.
Investigate why people helped.
- D.
Investigate factors affecting helping behaviour.
Correct Answer
D. Investigate factors affecting helping behaviour.Explanation
The study aimed to investigate factors that influence helping behavior. The other options mentioned in the question are specific objectives within this broader aim. The study likely wanted to understand how reaction times, the number of people present, and the reasons for helping all contribute to helping behavior. By examining these factors, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of what influences individuals to help others in emergency situations.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A state of arousal can be reduced by:
- A.
Helping the victim.
- B.
Convincing yourself the victim doesn't deserve help.
- C.
Being close to the emergency.
- D.
Leaving the scene.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Helping the victim.
B. Convincing yourself the victim doesn't deserve help.
D. Leaving the scene.Explanation
The correct answers for reducing a state of arousal are helping the victim, convincing yourself the victim doesn't deserve help, and leaving the scene. Helping the victim can provide a sense of purpose and control, which can help reduce arousal. Convincing yourself the victim doesn't deserve help may help in distancing oneself emotionally from the situation, thereby reducing arousal. Leaving the scene can remove the individual from the stressful environment, allowing them to calm down and reduce arousal.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The experiment was conducted:
- A.
In a New York train station.
- B.
On a bus in New York.
- C.
On a New York subway train.
Correct Answer
C. On a New York subway train.Explanation
The correct answer is "On a New York subway train." This is because the question specifies that the experiment was conducted in New York, and the only option that is related to New York is the subway train. The other options, a train station and a bus, are not specific to New York and could be found in other locations as well. Therefore, the most logical choice is that the experiment took place on a New York subway train.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The experiment was held between ___ over a six-week period.
- A.
11 am and 4 pm
- B.
10 am and 3 pm
- C.
10 am and 4 pm
- D.
11 am and 3 pm
Correct Answer
D. 11 am and 3 pmExplanation
The experiment was held between 11 am and 3 pm over a six-week period.Rate this question:
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- 6.
70 seconds into the journey the victim:
- A.
Choked
- B.
Collapsed
- C.
Fell over
- D.
Sneezed
Correct Answer
B. CollapsedExplanation
The correct answer is "Collapsed" because it is the most appropriate response to the given situation. Choking, falling over, and sneezing do not necessarily indicate a serious problem or emergency, whereas collapsing suggests a sudden loss of consciousness or a severe medical condition that requires immediate attention.Rate this question:
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- 7.
If no help was offered by the time the train slowed, the model:
- A.
Left the victim on the floor.
- B.
Helped the victim to his feet.
- C.
Encouraged someone else to help the victim.
Correct Answer
B. Helped the victim to his feet.Explanation
The correct answer is "Helped the victim to his feet." This means that the model provided assistance to the victim by helping them stand up when the train slowed down. This action shows that the model was proactive in offering help and support to the victim in a situation where no one else had offered any assistance.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The victims were aged between:
- A.
26 and 35
- B.
20 and 25
- C.
30 and 40
- D.
37 and 42
Correct Answer
A. 26 and 35Explanation
The correct answer is 26 and 35 because it falls within the age range specified in the question. The question asks for the age range of the victims, and out of the given options, only 26 and 35 satisfy that requirement.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What were the independent variables?
- A.
Race
- B.
Type (drunk/ill)
- C.
Gender
- D.
Presence of a helping 'model'
- E.
Absence of a helping 'model'
- F.
Group size
Correct Answer(s)
A. Race
B. Type (drunk/ill)
D. Presence of a helping 'model'
E. Absence of a helping 'model'Explanation
The independent variables in this study were race, type (drunk/ill), presence of a helping 'model', and absence of a helping 'model'. These variables were manipulated by the researchers to examine their effects on the dependent variable or outcome of the study. The study likely investigated how these independent variables influenced certain behaviors or responses.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What was the type of data collected?
- A.
Qualitative
- B.
Quantitative
- C.
Both
Correct Answer
C. BothExplanation
The type of data collected was both qualitative and quantitative. This means that both qualitative information, which is descriptive and subjective in nature, and quantitative information, which is numerical and objective, were gathered during the data collection process.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The most help came from:
- A.
Larger groups.
- B.
Smaller groups.
- C.
Groups on the train earlier in the day.
- D.
Groups on the train later in the day.
Correct Answer
A. Larger groups.Explanation
Larger groups are likely to provide more help compared to smaller groups or groups on the train earlier or later in the day. This could be because larger groups have more people who can contribute to providing assistance, whether it is physical help or sharing resources. Additionally, larger groups may have a stronger sense of collective responsibility and are more likely to collaborate and coordinate their efforts to offer support.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The 'cane' victim received spontaneous help __ of the time.
- A.
80%
- B.
90%
- C.
95%
- D.
96%
Correct Answer
C. 95%Explanation
The correct answer is 95%. This means that the 'cane' victim received spontaneous help 95% of the time.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In all but __ case/cases, the victim received help before the model acted.
- A.
1
- B.
4
- C.
2
- D.
3
Correct Answer
D. 3Explanation
In all but one case, the victim received help before the model acted. This means that in all cases except for one, the victim was already assisted before the model took any action. The correct answer is 3, indicating that only in one case the victim did not receive help before the model acted.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Women were slightly more likely to help than men.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement suggests that women were slightly more likely to help than men. However, the correct answer is False. This indicates that women were not actually more likely to help than men.Rate this question:
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- 15.
When more than seven people were present, the reaction times were:
- A.
Faster
- B.
Slower
Correct Answer
A. FasterExplanation
When more than seven people were present, the reaction times were faster. This suggests that the presence of more people may have resulted in increased arousal or motivation, leading to quicker response times. It is possible that the individuals felt more competitive or alert in a larger group setting, causing their reaction times to improve. Additionally, the presence of others may have provided a sense of accountability, prompting individuals to respond more rapidly.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the cost-reward model?
- A.
The risk people take in helping someone in hope of gaining a reward.
- B.
The potential harm you will cause in helping someone.
- C.
The rate of response to an emergency situation when a reward is involved.
- D.
The response to an emergency situation on a cost-reward analysis of the situation.
Correct Answer
D. The response to an emergency situation on a cost-reward analysis of the situation.Explanation
The cost-reward model refers to the evaluation of an emergency situation based on the analysis of the potential costs and rewards associated with taking action. It involves assessing the potential risks and benefits of helping someone in need during an emergency. This model helps individuals determine whether the potential rewards of assisting outweigh the potential costs or harm that may result from their actions. By considering the cost-reward analysis, individuals can make more informed decisions about how to respond to emergency situations.Rate this question:
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- 17.
'The tendency for people in a group to mislead each other about an emergency' is the definition of what?
- A.
Diffusion of responsibility.
- B.
Pluralistic Ignorance.
- C.
Lying
- D.
Bystander Apathy.
Correct Answer
B. Pluralistic Ignorance.Explanation
Pluralistic Ignorance refers to the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to misinterpret the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of others due to a false assumption that they possess more knowledge or understanding about a situation. In the context of an emergency, this can lead to a situation where people in a group mistakenly believe that others do not perceive the emergency or do not consider it to be serious, resulting in a collective inaction or failure to respond appropriately.Rate this question:
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- 18.
'When bystanders offer help' is a definition of what?
- A.
Bystander Apathy
- B.
Bystander Invtervention
Correct Answer
B. Bystander InvterventionExplanation
The given correct answer, "Bystander Intervention," is the act of bystanders offering help or taking action in a situation where someone is in need of assistance. This term refers to the behavior of individuals who choose to intervene and provide aid rather than remaining passive or apathetic. Bystander intervention involves recognizing a problem or emergency, assessing the situation, and taking appropriate action to help or support the person in need.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Did diffusion of responsibility occur?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
B. NoExplanation
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the phenomenon where individuals feel less accountable for their actions or inaction when they are in a group. In this case, since the answer is "No", it suggests that diffusion of responsibility did not occur. This means that individuals did not feel less accountable or responsible for their actions due to being in a group.Rate this question:
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- 20.
According to Piliavin et al., an individual's motivation for helping others in an emergency situation is based on:
- A.
Altruism
- B.
Desire to do good.
- C.
Desire to remove a negative emotional state.
- D.
Desire to gain a reward.
Correct Answer
C. Desire to remove a negative emotional state.Explanation
The correct answer is "Desire to remove a negative emotional state." According to Piliavin et al., individuals are motivated to help others in an emergency situation because they want to alleviate their own negative emotional state. This means that helping others can provide a sense of relief or satisfaction, helping them feel better about themselves and their situation. Altruism refers to the selfless concern for the well-being of others, but in this case, the motivation for helping is more self-centered, driven by the desire to improve one's own emotional state.Rate this question:
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