Piliavin Study Quiz
- 1.
Which ethical guideline did the study not break?
- A.
Right to Withdraw
- B.
Consent
- C.
Observation
- D.
Debriefing
Correct Answer
C. ObservationExplanation
The study did not break the ethical guideline of observation. Observation refers to the act of gathering data by watching and recording behaviors without interfering or manipulating the participants. In this case, the study likely involved observing participants without any form of intervention or manipulation, thereby adhering to the ethical guideline of observation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A major strength of the experiment was that:
- A.
It was very in-depth producing lots of background information on the participants
- B.
It was cross-cultural
- C.
It didn't break any ethical guidelines
- D.
It was high in ecological validity
Correct Answer
D. It was high in ecological validityExplanation
The experiment was considered to have a major strength in terms of ecological validity, meaning that the findings and conclusions drawn from the study can be applied to real-life situations and settings. This suggests that the experiment closely resembled real-world conditions, allowing for a more accurate understanding of how the variables studied would behave in a natural environment. By being high in ecological validity, the experiment's results are more likely to be applicable and generalizable to the broader population.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The Piliavin study is an example of:
- A.
A field experiment
- B.
A lab experiment
- C.
A natural experiment
- D.
A case study
Correct Answer
A. A field experimentExplanation
The Piliavin study is an example of a field experiment because it was conducted in a real-world setting, specifically on a New York City subway. The researchers manipulated variables and observed the behavior of participants in a natural environment, without directly intervening or controlling the situation. This allowed for a high level of ecological validity, as the study closely resembled real-life situations.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What was the result in relation to 'race'?
- A.
There were no differences to be found
- B.
There was a very slight tendency for people to help people of their own 'race'
- C.
People were much more likely to help people of their own 'race'
- D.
People would only help people of the same 'race'
Correct Answer
B. There was a very slight tendency for people to help people of their own 'race'Explanation
The correct answer suggests that there was a very slight tendency for people to help people of their own 'race'. This implies that while there may not have been significant differences in helping behavior based on race, there was still a slight inclination for individuals to assist those who belonged to the same racial group as them.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The independent variables in the study included:
- A.
Time of the train
- B.
Age of driver
- C.
How many people helped
- D.
The type of 'victim'
Correct Answer
D. The type of 'victim'Explanation
The independent variables in the study included the time of the train, age of the driver, how many people helped, and the type of 'victim'. This means that these factors were manipulated or measured by the researchers to see if they had any effect on the outcome of the study. The type of 'victim' variable could refer to different categories or characteristics of the individuals involved in the study, and it was included as one of the independent variables to examine its impact on the results.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The study was carried out in:
- A.
New York
- B.
London
- C.
Paris
- D.
Chorley
Correct Answer
A. New YorkExplanation
The study was carried out in New York.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Who were the participants?
- A.
Psychologists
- B.
Psychiatrists
- C.
People using the subway
- D.
General studies students
Correct Answer
C. People using the subwayExplanation
The participants in this scenario were people using the subway. This can be inferred from the given options where psychologists, psychiatrists, and general studies students are unrelated to the context of the question. Therefore, the only logical choice left is "People using the subway" as the participants.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The dependent variables in the study included:
- A.
The gender of the person who helped
- B.
The time it took to help
- C.
The 'race' of the person who helped
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The dependent variables in the study included the gender of the person who helped, the time it took to help, and the 'race' of the person who helped. This means that all of these factors were considered and measured as part of the study's analysis and conclusions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which one of the following findings was not true?
- A.
Spontaneous help nearly always occurred before the model had chance to act
- B.
There was no evidence of diffusion of responsibility
- C.
Help was given quicker to a 'cane' victim than a 'drunk' victim
- D.
The helpers were split equally between males and females
Correct Answer
D. The helpers were split equally between males and femalesExplanation
The given answer suggests that the finding of equal distribution of helpers between males and females was not true. This means that the study did not find an equal number of male and female helpers.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ethically the study can be criticised because:
- A.
Notes were taken
- B.
The participants were being observed
- C.
The participants could not be debriefed
- D.
The journey did not last long enough
Correct Answer
C. The participants could not be debriefedExplanation
The participants could not be debriefed because debriefing is an essential ethical requirement in research studies. It allows participants to understand the purpose of the study, receive any necessary information, and have the opportunity to ask questions or express concerns. Without debriefing, participants may be left with unanswered questions or potential psychological distress. Therefore, the inability to debrief the participants is a valid ethical criticism of the study.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How many participants were there approximately taking part in the study?
- A.
4250
- B.
3250
- C.
5450
- D.
4450
Correct Answer
D. 4450Explanation
The correct answer is 4450. This suggests that approximately 4450 participants took part in the study.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which avenue was the study being carried out in?
- A.
7th
- B.
8th
- C.
6th
- D.
13th
Correct Answer
B. 8thExplanation
The study was being carried out in the 8th avenue.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Between what time was the study being carried out at?
- A.
11 am and 3 pm
- B.
12 am and 3 pm
- C.
11 am and 2 pm
- D.
12 am and 2 pm
Correct Answer
A. 11 am and 3 pmExplanation
The study was being carried out between 11 am and 3 pm.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What was the average percentage of black and white people?
- A.
55 black, 45 white
- B.
50 black, 50 white
- C.
55 white, 45 black
- D.
60 white, 40 black
Correct Answer
C. 55 white, 45 blackExplanation
The average percentage of black and white people can be calculated by finding the average of the percentages of black and white people separately. In this case, the given answer of "55 white, 45 black" suggests that the average percentage of white people is 55% and the average percentage of black people is 45%.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How long did the train journey last in which the study was being carried out in?
- A.
7 minutes
- B.
6 minutes
- C.
6.5 minutes
- D.
7.5 minutes
Correct Answer
D. 7.5 minutesExplanation
The train journey in which the study was being carried out lasted for 7.5 minutes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which university did the students come from?
- A.
Yale
- B.
Columbia
- C.
Oxford
- D.
Bolton
Correct Answer
B. ColumbiaExplanation
The students came from Columbia University.Rate this question:
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- 17.
How long was it until the 'victim' collapsed?
- A.
65 seconds
- B.
75 seconds
- C.
60 seconds
- D.
70 seconds
Correct Answer
D. 70 secondsExplanation
The victim collapsed after 70 seconds.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What were the two 'conditions'?
- A.
Drunk and ill
- B.
Drunk and depressed
- C.
Energetic and ill
- D.
Drunk and sober
Correct Answer
A. Drunk and illExplanation
The two conditions mentioned in the question were being drunk and being ill.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What type of data was collected by the researchers?
- A.
Quantitative
- B.
Qualitative
- C.
Both
- D.
Neither
Correct Answer
C. BothExplanation
The researchers collected both quantitative and qualitative data. This means that they gathered numerical data, such as statistics and measurements, as well as non-numerical data, such as observations and interviews. By collecting both types of data, the researchers were able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject they were studying.Rate this question:
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- 20.
How many trials were there?
- A.
112
- B.
103
- C.
69
- D.
13
Correct Answer
B. 103 -
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