Physiology Mock Test
Physiology is not a high yield subject but still the concepts are important to answer the questions so please guys always alot a 1 hour time every day for physiology.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Erythropoletin acts to
- A.
Stimulate committed stern cells of RBC series
- B.
Stimulate remain secretion
- C.
Stimulate remnin secretion
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. Stimulate committed stern cells of RBC seriesExplanation
Erythropoietin-Erythropoietrin increases the number of erythropotein sensitive committed stem cells in the bone marrow that are converted to red blood cell precursors and subsequently to mature erythrocytes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The predominant intracellular cation is
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Calcium
- D.
Iron
Correct Answer
B. PotassiumExplanation
Concentration of some ions inside and outside mammalian spinal motor, neurons.
Iron Concentration Equilibrium
(mmol/l of H2O) potential (mv)
Inside cell Outside cell
Na+ 15.0 150.5 +60
K 150.0 5.5 -90
Cl- 9.0 125.0 -70
Resting membrane potential-70 mv.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Cushing’s reflex helps to maintain
- A.
Cerebral blood flow
- B.
Coronary blood flow
- C.
Renal blood flow
- D.
Hepatic blood flow
Correct Answer
A. Cerebral blood flowExplanation
When intra cranial pressure is increased, the blood supply to the vasomotor area is compromised and the local hypoxia capnia increase its discharge. The resultant rise is the systematic arterial pressure (Cushing reflex) tends to restore the blood flow to the medulla and over a considerable range; the blood pressure is raised proportional to the increase in Intra cranial pressure.Rate this question:
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- 4.
All are involved in the pathway of T3 synthesis except
- A.
Ingestion of potassium iodide
- B.
Trapping
- C.
Coupling
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. Ingestion of potassium iodideExplanation
Trapping of iodine and coupling are inviolved in process of T3 synthesis but not ingestion of potassium iodide.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Blood flow to the heart is maximum during
- A.
Diastole
- B.
Systole
- C.
Both
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. DiastoleExplanation
Coronary vessels are severely compressed during systole. During diastole the cardiac muscle reflaxes and no longer onstruct the blood flow through the left ventricular capillaries so that blood now flows rapidly during all diastole.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Blood brain barrier is formed by
- A.
Astrocytes
- B.
Microglia
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
- D.
Type II pneumatocytes
Correct Answer
A. AstrocytesExplanation
Astrocyte foot processes are closely associated with the blood vessels to form the blood-brain barriers oligodendrocytes forms myelin sheath which surrounds axons. Microglia are blood derived non nuclear macrophages.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is associated with
- A.
Atrial myxoma
- B.
HAPO
- C.
Pneumoconiosis
- D.
None
Correct Answer
B. HAPOExplanation
HAPO- High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema
Clinical features- Occur at above 3000 meters.
- Ibcessant dry cough, shortness of breathes, headache, decreased exercise performances, fatilgue and dyspnea at rest chest tightness.
- Later wheexing, orthopnea and hemoptysis may occur.
- Pulmonary edema develops at late stages.
- Pulmonary arterial blood pressure is elevated wedge pressure is normalRate this question:
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- 8.
Intrinate factor is secreted by
- A.
Mucus-secreting cells
- B.
Chief cells
- C.
G-cells
- D.
Parietal cells
Correct Answer
D. Parietal cellsExplanation
In addition to hydrochloric acid, the parietal cells, the gastric mucosa secrete intrinsic factor a 49 K Da glycoprotein that binds to cynacobalamin (Vitamin B12) and is necessary for its absorption from the small intestine.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Pyramidal fibres are
- A.
Commisural fibres
- B.
Projection fibres
- C.
Association fibres
- D.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
B. Projection fibresExplanation
Projection fibres are a type of neural fibres that connect different regions within the brain and spinal cord. They transmit information from one area to another, allowing for communication and coordination between different brain regions. Pyramidal fibres specifically refer to the long axons of pyramidal neurons, which are found in the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor control and cognitive functions. Therefore, the correct answer is projection fibres.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Section of pituitary stalkm leads to decreasing all of the following hormones except
- A.
Prolactin
- B.
FSH
- C.
ACTH
- D.
Growth hormone
Correct Answer
A. ProlactinExplanation
6 Hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
- Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH.
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Lutenising hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Prolactin and growth hormone
ACTH, prolactin and growth hormone are simple polypeptidesRate this question:
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- 11.
One of the following neurotransmitter acts at the myoneural junction
- A.
Serotonin
- B.
Acetycholine
- C.
Adrenaline
- D.
Noradrenaline
Correct Answer
B. AcetycholineExplanation
Neuromuscular junction
Sequence of events during transmission
Steps in contraction
1. Discharge of motor neurons
2. Release of transmitter (acetylcholine) at motor end plate.
3. Binding of acetycholine to nicotinine acetycholine receptor.
4. Increased Na+ and K+ conductance in end plate
5. Generation of action potential muscle fibres.
6. Inward spread of depolarization along T tubules.
7. Generation of end plate potential.
8. Release of Ca+2 from terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum and diffusion to thick and thin filaments.
9. Binding of Ca+2 to troponin C, uncovering myosin binding sites on action.
10. Formation of cross linkages between actin and myosin and sliding of thick filaments producing movements.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All of the following are increased during exercise except
- A.
Venous return
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Peripheral vascular resistances
- D.
Coronary blood flow
Correct Answer
C. Peripheral vascular resistancesExplanation
During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen and nutrients increases, leading to an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. This allows for more blood to be pumped to the muscles and organs. Additionally, coronary blood flow increases to provide adequate oxygen supply to the heart itself. Venous return, which is the amount of blood returning to the heart, also increases during exercise. However, peripheral vascular resistances, which refer to the resistance to blood flow in the peripheral blood vessels, decrease during exercise to facilitate increased blood flow to the muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is peripheral vascular resistances.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In shock, which one of the following pathophysiological change takes place?
- A.
Tissyue perfusion increase
- B.
Tissue perfusion decreases
- C.
Tissue Po2 concentration increases
- D.
Tissue Pco2 concentration decreases
Correct Answer
B. Tissue perfusion decreasesExplanation
Shock:-
A syndrome with inadequate tissue perfusion with a relatively or absolutely inadqequate cardiac output.
1. Hypovolemic shoch-fainting, Anaphalyxis, surgery, and fluid due to vomiting or diarrhea.
2. Distriubutine sjoch-fainting, Anaphylaxis, sepsis.
3. Cardiogenic shock- myocardial infarction congestive heart failure. Arrytrhythmias.
4. Obstructive shock- Tension pneumothorax.
Pulmonary embolism
Cardiac tumor
Cardiac tamponade.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Cushing’s reaction is for maintainence of
- A.
Coronary blood flow
- B.
Cerebral blood flow
- C.
Renal blood flow
- D.
Peripheral blood flow
Correct Answer
B. Cerebral blood flowExplanation
↑ BP arterial receptors reflexly ↓ Heart Rate → bradycardia.
Hypoxia Stimulate vasomotorarea ↑ Systematic arterial pressure
Hypercapxia ↑
Blood supply to vasomotor area 1.Restores the blood flow to the medulla and
↑ 2. ↑ BP & ↑ICT.
↑ICTRate this question:
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- 15.
In JVP, ‘c’ wave indicates
- A.
Atrial filling
- B.
Atrial contraction
- C.
Ventricular filling
- D.
Ventricular contraction
Correct Answer
D. Ventricular contractionExplanation
C’ wave is the transmitted manifestation of the rise in the atrial pressure produced by the bulging of the tricuspid valve into the atria during isovolumetric ventricular contraction.
‘a’ –wave-atrail systole, ‘v’ wave – rise in atrial pressure before tricuspid valve opens during diastole.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In exercises all the following parameters are changed except
- A.
Increased peripheral vascular resistance
- B.
Increased blood pressure
- C.
Increased cardiac output
- D.
Increased heart rate
Correct Answer
A. Increased peripheral vascular resistanceExplanation
In exercises, various physiological parameters change in order to meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients by the muscles. Increased peripheral vascular resistance refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which leads to increased resistance to blood flow. This is not a parameter that typically changes during exercise. On the other hand, increased blood pressure, increased cardiac output, and increased heart rate are all common responses to exercise as the body tries to deliver more oxygenated blood to the working muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is increased peripheral vascular resistance.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which one of the following indicates are reflex
- A.
Wheel
- B.
Flare
- C.
Redness
- D.
White reaction
Correct Answer
B. FlareExplanation
Triple response
When all the skin is stroked more firmly with a pointed instrument, instead of the white reaction there is reddening at the site that appears in about 10 seconds( Red reaction) wheal- local edema due to capillary permeability flare-redness spreading out from the injury. This three-part response the red reaction. Wheal and flare are called triple response.
Flare:- It is due to axon reflex.
Evidence:- Flare is absent in locally anaesthetized skin and in deneverated skin after the sensory nerves have degeneratedRate this question:
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- 18.
Closure of aortic valve occurs before the following event
- A.
Isovolumetric contraction
- B.
Isovolumetric relaxation
- C.
Pre diastole
- D.
Pre systole
Correct Answer
B. Isovolumetric relaxationExplanation
“After the aortic and pulmonary valves are closed pressure in the ventricle continues to drop rapidly during the period of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation.”Rate this question:
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- 19.
Resting membrane potential depends upon
- A.
HCO3 level
- B.
Cl- level
- C.
K+ level
- D.
Na+ level
Correct Answer
C. K+ levelExplanation
Ionic Basis of resting membranes potential
K channelks maintain the resting potential.
- Na+ is actively transported out of neurons and other cells.
- K+ is actively transported into cells.
- K+ moves out of cells and Na+ moves in but because of K+ permeability at rest is greater than Na+ permeability.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Motor unit is
- A.
One muscle fibre and the nerve fibres
- B.
Muscle fibres supplied by single nerve fibres
- C.
All muscles supplied by single motor nerve
- D.
One muscles fibre and many motor nerves
Correct Answer
B. Muscle fibres supplied by single nerve fibresExplanation
The motor unit
- Each single motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates constitutes a motor unit.
- Each spinal motor neuron innervates only one kind of muscle fiber, so that all of the muscle fibre in a motor unit are of the same typeRate this question:
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