Urinalysis MCQ Quiz With Answers

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It is a condition where red blood cells are found in the urine, giving it a reddish or pinkish color. This can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, trauma, or certain medical conditions like kidney disease or cancer. Detecting hematuria is important as it may indicate an underlying health issue that needs to be addressed.

Anuria is the correct answer because it refers to the complete cessation or absence of urine production. It is a condition where the kidneys are not producing any urine, leading to a complete stoppage of urine flow. Oliguria refers to decreased urine output, while polyuria refers to excessive urine production. Therefore, anuria is the term that specifically describes the transient stoppage of urine flow.

Urine may appear turbid due to the presence of bacteria, excess crystals, blood, or protein. Bacteria in the urine can cause an infection, leading to cloudiness. Excess crystals can form when there is an imbalance in the urine's mineral content. Blood in the urine, known as hematuria, can be a sign of various conditions, including urinary tract infections or kidney stones. Protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, can indicate kidney damage or other health issues. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of these factors can contribute to turbidity in urine.

due to presence of glucose in urine which acts as an osmotic substance attracts water and increase specific gravity

Oliguria refers to a decrease in urine output, and it can occur due to various renal causes. In the given options, acute tubular necrosis is the most likely cause of oliguria. Acute tubular necrosis is a condition where the tubular cells in the kidneys are damaged, leading to a decrease in urine production. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are not commonly associated with oliguria, while prostate hypertrophy may cause urinary retention but not necessarily oliguria. Therefore, acute tubular necrosis is the most plausible explanation for oliguria in this case.

TB and E-coli are both bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). When these bacteria infect the urinary tract, they release certain enzymes that break down urea into ammonia. Ammonia is a base, so it raises the pH of the urine, making it more alkaline. Therefore, the presence of TB and E-coli in the urine would render it alkaline, not acidic.

due to formation of ketone bodies

Jaundice is a condition that occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin in the body, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. When the liver is not functioning properly, it cannot process bilirubin effectively, leading to its accumulation in the body. One of the symptoms of jaundice is dark urine, which can appear tea-like in color due to the presence of excess bilirubin. Therefore, the correct answer is tea-like.

because renal tubules are damaged so they can't concentrate the filterate which is already small in volume

In diabetes insipidus, the body is unable to properly regulate the balance of fluids, leading to excessive thirst and frequent urination. This condition can cause the urine volume to reach up to 15 liters per day. Unlike diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by high blood sugar levels, diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a lack of response to ADH. This hormone is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. Therefore, in cases of diabetes insipidus, the urine volume can reach such high levels.