Urinalysis Competency Assessment 2012

The arrowed object in the image is a uric acid crystal. Uric acid crystals can form in the joints and tissues of individuals with conditions like gout or kidney stones. These crystals are sharp and can cause inflammation and pain. Identifying these crystals in a sample can help diagnose and manage these conditions.

Calcium oxalate crystals are a common type of crystal found in the urine and can also form in the kidneys or bladder. They are formed when there is an excess of calcium and oxalate in the urine. These crystals can contribute to the formation of kidney stones and can be seen under a microscope in a urine sample. Therefore, the correct name for the given answer is "Calcium Oxalate Crystal".

The correct crystal to choose is Triple Phosphate. A pH of 9.0 indicates alkaline urine, and Triple Phosphate crystals are commonly found in alkaline urine. Leucine, Ammonium Biurate, and Cholesterol crystals are typically associated with other conditions and are not specific to alkaline urine.

The arrowed objects in the given image are RBC's (Red Blood Cells).

The arrowed object in the image is a squamous epithelial cell. Squamous epithelial cells are flat and thin, resembling scales or fish scales. They are found in the lining of various organs, such as the skin, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. In this case, the squamous epithelial cell is likely from the urinary system, specifically the renal tubules. These cells help with the filtration and reabsorption of substances in the kidneys.

The arrowed object in the image is a leukocyte or white blood cell. Leukocytes are an important part of the immune system and are responsible for fighting off infections and diseases. They can be easily identified by their irregular shape and larger size compared to other blood cells.

The arrowed object is most likely fiber (exogenous)/fecal contamination. This is because hyaline cast and waxy cast are types of casts found in urine samples, while a parasitic worm would typically have a different appearance. Fiber or fecal contamination can often be seen in samples and can be easily identified under a microscope.

A cystine crystal is a type of crystal that forms in the body when there is an excess of the amino acid cystine. These crystals can accumulate in the kidneys and cause kidney stones. They are typically yellow or brown in color and have a distinct shape. Identifying a cystine crystal is important for diagnosing and treating conditions related to cystine buildup in the body.

Granular casts are formed when there is degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, resulting in the presence of granules within the cast. These granules can be seen under a microscope and are indicative of kidney damage or disease. The arrowed object in the question is a granular cast.

The correct answer is RBC Cast. RBC Cast refers to Red Blood Cell Cast, which is a type of cast found in urine. Casts are cylindrical structures that form in the kidney tubules and are then flushed out with urine. RBC Casts are formed when red blood cells clump together and become trapped in the protein matrix of the cast. The presence of RBC Casts in the urine can indicate various kidney disorders or conditions, such as glomerulonephritis or vasculitis.

Hyaline casts are the most common type of casts found in urine. They are composed of protein and are transparent or pale in color. Hyaline casts can be seen in normal urine, but their presence in large numbers may indicate dehydration, strenuous exercise, or certain kidney disorders. They are formed when protein leaks into the urine from the kidney tubules. The presence of hyaline casts in urine can provide valuable information about kidney function and overall health.

A leucocyte cast refers to the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This can indicate inflammation or infection in the urinary tract or kidneys. The presence of leucocyte casts can help diagnose conditions such as urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, or glomerulonephritis. The cast is formed when white blood cells clump together and become trapped in the tubules of the kidneys, eventually being excreted in the urine.

Starch granules can be identified under polarized light because they exhibit a characteristic Maltese cross pattern due to their birefringent properties. This pattern is not visible under regular light. Pollen granules, stain precipitate, and fat droplets do not show this specific pattern under polarized light, making starch granules the correct answer.

The object being identified in this question is spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are the reproductive cells found in males of many animal species, including humans. They are responsible for fertilizing the female egg and initiating the process of reproduction. In the given options, fiber/fecal contamination and worms are unrelated to spermatozoa and do not fit the context of the question. Therefore, the correct answer is spermatozoa.