Philosophy Final Exam: MCQ Quiz!

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1. ________________________: according to Socrates, what gives a man this is his ability to admit he knows nothing.
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2. ________________________: presents the practical necessity of a possible action as a means to achieving something one desires
  • if you want thing X, do action Y
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3. _______________________: construes personality as an evaluatively integrated association of robust traits
  • trait-relevant behavior should be exhibited consistently across different situations
  • example: the honest person will be consistently honest, and will also exhibit consistent behavior indicative of traits related to honesty, such as loyalty and courage.
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4. ________________________: presents an action, in itself, as objectively necessary, without making reference to any other purpose or end 
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5. Immanuel Kant argues the only actions worth performing are those of the ________________________.
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6. _______________________: holds that behavioral differences are due less to individual dispositional differences than to situational ones
  • example: dime in the phone booth study proves that compassionate people don't always exhibit compassion.
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7. _______________________: follow the rules that nobody could reasonably reject as the basis for an informed, unforced, hypothetical agreement in order to live with others on mutually justifiable terms.
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8. _______________________: when we have this, we must have some objection to a principle. This objection may begin with some direct harm I suffer as a result of the principle. The fact that a principle impacts negatively on me are not sufficient. To know whether I can reasonably reject the principle, I must also ask how it impacts others. 
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9. ________________________: answer the question, "what would be best for someone, or would be most in this person's interests, or would make this person's life go, for him, as well as possible?"
  • theories of the individual good
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10. ________________________: says the morality of an action is determined solely by the resulting consequences (consequences can be good or bad)
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11. ________________________: says what would be best for someone is what would make his life happiest.
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12. ________________________: says the moral code of a society determines what is right or wrong within that society; that is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society example: there is a culture that deems it, not only morally acceptable but, morally right to eat the bodies of the deceased
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13. ________________________: says what would be best for someone is what, throughout his life, would best fulfill his desires.
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14. _______________________: says you should act in such a way that you're not just making exceptions for yourself, but in a way that could be applied universally. 
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15. ________________________: a doctrine of Utilitarianism that says that if I am ever responsible for anything, then I must be just as much responsible for things that I allow or fail to prevent 
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16. ________________________: adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty 
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17. _______________________: the mean between excess and deficiency 
  • it produces a good state in it
  • it enables it to perform its function well
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18. _______________________: living well and flourishing.
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19. _______________________: says you should act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, as an end and never as a means only 
  • always treat people as rational/choosing beings
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20. _______________________: the balance between excess and deficiency that is virtue.
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21. ________________________: a branch of the theory of Consequentialism that says the best consequences are those that maximize happiness and the worst are those that maximize the reverse of happiness
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22. ________________________: says all human actions, when properly understood, can be seen to be motivated by selfish desires
  • the only thing anyone is capable of desiring or pursuing is, ultimately, his own self-interest
  • altruistic and benevolent actions are only a means to an individual's own happiness
  • this is the case
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23. ________________________: answer the question "What would be best for someone, or would be most in this person's interests, or what would make this person's life go, for him, as well as possible?"
  • theories of the individual good
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24. ________________________: says what would be best for someone is what would make his life happiest.
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25. _______________________: says that everyone makes some choices and acts somehow or another in these spheres.
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26. ________________________: says what would best for someone is what, throughout his life, would best fulfill his desires.
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27. ________________________: says all men ought to pursue their own wellbeing.
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28. ________________________: says certain things are good or bad for us, whether or not we want to have the good things, or avoid the bad things.
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29. _______________________: says you should always act as though you were passing laws for an ideal community whose members are all, in themselves, potential sources of value.
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30. _______________________: the faculty or object which motivates a person to act in a heteronomous way. Following these is neither morally good nor morally bad, except when doing so directly prevents a person from acting from the motive of duty (i.e. leads an individual to disobey the moral law).
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31. ________________________: a logical truth. A statement which is necessarily true because, by virtue of its logical form, it cannot be used to make a false assertion.
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32. _______________________: the rule or principle buy which an individual chooses to act (i.e. his or her motivation). This is the site of the moral evaluation of an action in Kantianism.
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33. ________________________: how things actually are; how people do ​act.
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34. _______________________: the doctrine that the individual human will is or ought to be governed only by its own principles and laws.
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35. ________________________: affirm how things should or ought to be; how people should act.
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36. _______________________: something that can be replaced by something else as its equivalent.
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37. What constitutes an action as being good, according to Kant, is if it has _______________________.
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38. _______________________: something that is intrinsically good and cannot be replaced.
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39. Robert Nozick's "The Experience Machine" challenges this theory by arguing there is more to life than just experiences.
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40. Each moral theory has its own idea of what can be considered to be a "virtuous" action.
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41. ________________________: says certain things are good or bad for us, whether or not we want to have the good things, or to avoid the bad things
  • example: professional success, friendship, freedom from disease etc.
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________________________: according to Socrates, what gives a man this...
________________________: presents the practical necessity of a...
_______________________: construes personality as an evaluatively...
________________________: presents an action, in itself, as...
Immanuel Kant argues the only actions worth performing are those of...
_______________________: holds that behavioral differences are due...
_______________________: follow the rules that nobody could reasonably...
_______________________: when we have this, we must have some...
________________________: answer the question, "what would be...
________________________: says the morality of an action is determined...
________________________: says what would be best for someone is what...
________________________: says the moral code of a society determines...
________________________: says what would be best for someone is what,...
_______________________: says you should act in such a way that...
________________________: a doctrine of Utilitarianism that says that...
________________________: adherence to moral and ethical principles;...
_______________________: the mean between excess and deficiency ...
_______________________: living well and flourishing.
_______________________: says you should act so that you treat...
_______________________: the balance between excess and deficiency...
________________________: a branch of the theory of Consequentialism...
________________________: says all human actions, when properly...
________________________: answer the question "What would be best...
________________________: says what would be best for someone is what...
_______________________: says that everyone makes some choices and...
________________________: says what would best for someone is what,...
________________________: says all men ought to pursue their own...
________________________: says certain things are good or bad for us,...
_______________________: says you should always act as though you were...
_______________________: the faculty or object which motivates a...
________________________: a logical truth. A statement which is...
_______________________: the rule or principle buy which an individual...
________________________: how things actually are; how...
_______________________: the doctrine that the individual human will...
________________________: affirm how things should or ought to be; how...
_______________________: something that can be replaced by something...
What constitutes an action as being good, according to Kant, is if it...
_______________________: something that is intrinsically good and...
Robert Nozick's "The Experience Machine" challenges this...
Each moral theory has its own idea of what can be considered to be a...
________________________: says certain things are good or bad for us,...
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