Pg Blazer - Online Test Series 10 - Pathology

The correct answer is "Kupffer's cell hyperplasia with macrophage infiltration around periportal area laden with pigments." In cases of malaria, the liver can show an increase in Kupffer cells, which are specialized macrophages responsible for clearing foreign substances from the blood. These Kupffer cells can become hyperplastic and infiltrate the periportal area, which is the area around the portal vein. Additionally, these cells can be laden with pigments, which may be a result of the breakdown of red blood cells during the infection. This finding is specific to malaria and helps in the diagnosis of the disease.

Inflammation is absent in apoptosis. It is seen only in necrosis.

BNP is degraded by neutral endopeptidase. Omapatrilat inhibits neutral endopeptidase. Hence it is useful in treatment of heart failure.

NPHS 2 gene coding for the protein podocin (located in the slit diaphragm) is mutated in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Patients undergoing long term dialysis is prone to development of amyloidosis. The type of amyloid protein that gets deposited in this condition is Aβ2 microglobulin.

Sensitivity for diagnosis of amyloidosis in various biopsy sites:
Rectal / gingival - 80%
Abdominal fat aspirate - 70-80%
Bone marrow - 50%

CD-15 is seen in neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes.
B cell markers are : CD 19, CD 20, CD 21, CD 22

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies are concentrically layered basophilic inclusions found in the urinary tract. The size ranges from 2 to 10 μm in diameter. They are believed to be remnants of phagosomes mineralized by iron and calcium deposits. Histologic identification of M-G bodies are pathognomonic of malakoplakia.

Non specific esterase is characteristically seen in M4 and M5. It is also seen in some cases of M3 and M7.

Any organ can be affected in GVH reaction. The most important is the involvement of immune system, skin, liver and intestines.