Pediatrics Mod 6 Review Part One

1.

Which of the following do NOT like to be separated from their parents? ( Choose all that apply)

A.

Pre-schooler
B.

Infants
C.

School-age
D.

Toddler
E.

Adolescent

Correct Answer(s)
A. Pre-schooler
B. Infants

Explanation
Pre-schoolers and infants do not like to be separated from their parents. Pre-schoolers are at an age where they are still developing a sense of independence and rely on their parents for security and comfort. Infants, on the other hand, are completely dependent on their parents for their basic needs and feel safest when they are in close proximity to them. School-age children, toddlers, and adolescents may also experience some level of discomfort when separated from their parents, but it is not as pronounced as it is for pre-schoolers and infants.

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2.

Which are correct statements about how the pediatric airway differs from the adult airway? ( Choose all that apply)

A.

Peds airway is smaller.
B.

Peds airway is more anterior.
C.

Peds tongue is proportionally larger in relation to the jaw.
D.

Toddlers prefer to breathe through their nose.

Correct Answer(s)
A. Peds airway is smaller.
B. Peds airway is more anterior.
C. Peds tongue is proportionally larger in relation to the jaw.

Explanation
Only infants prefer to breather through their noses.

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3.

Which is true about pediatric respiratory physiology? ( Choose ALL that apply.)

A.

Children in respiratory distress take long to compensate, but quickly decompensate.
B.

Increased work of breathing is most evident through nasal flaring and intercostal use.
C.

Tachycardia is a sign of hypoxia.
D.

Smaller children tend to breathe more from diaphragmatic function.

Correct Answer
B. Increased work of breathing is most evident through nasal flaring and intercostal use.

Explanation
Children in respiratory distress take longer to compensate, but quickly decompensate. Tachycardia is a sign of hypoxia. Smaller children tend to breathe more from diaphragmatic function.

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4.

Which are INCORRECT regarding Circulatory status of a pediatric patient? ( Choose ALL that apply)

A.

Blood pressure is a good indicator of perfusion status
B.

Hypovolemia can develop just from vomiting
C.

Capillary refill is proper to evaluate in a pediatric patient
D.

Children compensate slowly, then decompensate rapidly

Correct Answer(s)
A. Blood pressure is a good indicator of perfusion status
B. Hypovolemia can develop just from vomiting
C. Capillary refill is proper to evaluate in a pediatric patient

Explanation
Blood pressure is not a good indicator of perfusion status in pediatric patients because they can maintain their blood pressure even when they are in shock. Hypovolemia can develop just from vomiting because vomiting can lead to fluid loss. Capillary refill is proper to evaluate in a pediatric patient because it is a reliable indicator of peripheral perfusion. Children compensate slowly, then decompensate rapidly, which means they can initially show signs of compensation for a decreased perfusion state, but then rapidly deteriorate.

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5.

Which is correct regarding airway assessment/treatment in pediatrics?

A.

Peds need more head tilt then adults to maintain a patent airway
B.

Modified jaw thrust cannot be used for pediatrics
C.

OPA's cannot be inserted inverted, than rotated 180 degrees.
D.

OPA's and NPA's are measured the same way as in adults.

Correct Answer
D. OPA's and NPA's are measured the same way as in adults.

Explanation
The correct answer is that OPA's and NPA's are measured the same way as in adults. This means that in pediatrics, or children, the sizing of oropharyngeal airways (OPA's) and nasopharyngeal airways (NPA's) follows the same guidelines as in adults. This is important in ensuring that the airway is properly maintained and allows for effective ventilation in pediatric patients.

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6.

For proper administration of blow-by oxygen, the opening of the source should be NO more than ___ inches away from the mouth and nose.

A.

3
B.

5
C.

2
D.

1

Correct Answer
C. 2

Explanation
The correct answer is 2 because having the opening of the blow-by oxygen source no more than 2 inches away from the mouth and nose ensures that the oxygen is delivered effectively to the patient. This proximity allows for the maximum amount of oxygen to be inhaled and absorbed by the patient, providing the necessary support for their respiratory needs.

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7.

Which is incorrectly matched?

A.

For ages 1-10... Upper range is figured by: 40 - ( 2 times the age)
B.

Hyperventilate head injury with posturing at 25 times/minute
C.

Rescue ventilations at once every 3 seconds
D.

All of the above are correct

Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correct

Explanation
The given answer states that all of the options are correct. However, this contradicts the question which asks for an incorrectly matched option. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.

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8.

Which is incorrect regarding capillary refill?

A.

Greater than 4 seconds is a sign of decompensated shock
B.

Normal time is less than 3 seconds
C.

Delayed ( 2-4 seconds) is a sign of compensated shock

Correct Answer
B. Normal time is less than 3 seconds

Explanation
Capillary refill refers to the time it takes for blood to return to the capillaries after applying pressure to the skin. The given statement that "Normal time is less than 3 seconds" is incorrect. In fact, a normal capillary refill time is typically less than 2 seconds. Capillary refill greater than 4 seconds may indicate inadequate blood flow and can be a sign of decompensated shock. Delayed capillary refill, lasting between 2-4 seconds, is often seen in compensated shock.

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