This Pediatric Nephrology quiz assesses knowledge in managing nephrological conditions in children. Questions cover diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions like gastroenteritis, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension, emphasizing practical skills for emergency and pediatric settings.
Red blood cell casts, 2+ protein, pyruria, and RBCs too numerous to count
Numerous maltese crosses
4+ protein, 1+ ketones, 0-5 RBC/HPF, 0-5 WBC/HPF
5 RBC/HPF and WBC casts
Greater than 50 RBC/HPF, 20 WBC/HPF and many bacteria
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Allow the mother to try infant formula instead of oral rehydration solution before considering intravenous (IV) fluid replacement
Give the patient 50 mg/kg of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM x 1 after drawing blood cultures
Send stool for routine stool cultures, O&P, fecal leukocytes, and rotavirus
Place a peripheral IV and give 140 ml of 1/2 normal saline (saline 0.45 %) as a bolus
Place a peripheral IV and give 140 ml of normal saline (saline 0.9 %) as a bolus
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IVP (intravenous pyelogram) to evaluate for urinary tract obstruction along with initiation of IV antibiotic therapy
Reassure the patient's parents that this is unlikely to occur again; observe without further surveillance testing
Reassure the patient's parents and observe with repeat urine cultures monthly as survelliance for a repeat UTI
Renal ultrasound with initiation of IV antibiotic therapy; prophylactic antibiotics until a VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram) is obtained
Urology referral for cystoscopy to evaluate for urinary tract obstruction along with initiation of IV antibiotic therapy
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ACE inhibitor, furosemide and prednisone
Prednisone, ACE inhibitor, albumin
Prednisone, furosemide, albumin
Furosemide, spironolactone, digoxin
Furosemide, ACE inhibitor, IV immunoglobulin
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Diffuse crescent formation
Diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane
Mesangial cell proliferation
Normal findings
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Advise the patient's mother that the elevation in blood pressure is likely related to pain and anxiety from the ER visit and no further evaluation of blood pressure is currently required
Admit the patient for blood pressure control and angiography to evaluate for possible renal artery stenosis
Caloric restricion and exercise program
Pharmacologic therapy for hypertension
Pharmacologic therapy for weight reduction
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Dialysis, if and when indicated, to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance
Parenteral (IV) antibiotic therapy upon hospital admission
Supportive care, including hydration and ongoing evaluation of fluid status
Telemetry monitoring of the patient's cardiac rhythm
Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for symptomatic anemia
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