Pathology 1. Quiz Charpter 7, 8, 9, 10

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  • 1/175 Questions

    MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE PLEURA. FOUND IN PEOPLE EXPOSED TO ASBESTOS = MESOTHELIOMA

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This quiz covers key topics in cardiovascular pathology from chapters 7 through 10, focusing on the etiology and consequences of heart failure, cardiac dysfunctions, and coronary artery disease. It assesses understanding of heart diseases' origins and impacts, essential for medical students and professionals.

Pathology 1. Quiz Charpter 7, 8, 9, 10 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is the etiology of heart failure?

    • Cardiac disorders, lung disorders

    • Lung disorders, stroke

    • Stroke, diarrhea

    • Influenza, enuresis

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiac disorders, lung disorders
    Explanation
    Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Cardiac disorders, such as coronary artery disease or heart attack, can damage the heart muscle and lead to heart failure. Similarly, lung disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary hypertension can cause increased pressure in the lungs, putting strain on the heart and leading to heart failure. Therefore, the etiology of heart failure involves both cardiac disorders and lung disorders.

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  • 3. 

    INFLAMMATION OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS ARE CALLED

    • SIALADENITIS

    • NEOPLASMA

    • ORAL CANCER

    Correct Answer
    A. SIALADENITIS
    Explanation
    Sialadenitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the salivary glands. This condition can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or viral infections, blockage of the salivary ducts, or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms of sialadenitis include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected salivary gland, as well as difficulty in opening the mouth or swallowing. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, pain relievers, warm compresses, and maintaining good oral hygiene. Neoplasma and oral cancer are not the correct answers as they refer to the formation of abnormal growths or tumors in the salivary glands, which are different conditions from inflammation.

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  • 4. 

    What is the treatment for essential hypertension?

    • Sedatives

    • Surgery

    • Drugs

    • Discontinue drug intake

    Correct Answer
    A. Drugs
    Explanation
    The correct answer is drugs. Essential hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It is typically managed through the use of antihypertensive medications, which help to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. Sedatives may not be effective in treating hypertension as they primarily target anxiety and sleep disorders. Surgery is usually reserved for cases where hypertension is caused by an underlying condition that can be surgically corrected. Discontinuing drug intake is not a recommended treatment option as it can lead to uncontrolled high blood pressure and increased risk of complications.

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  • 5. 

    MYOCARDIUM CONTRACTS EJECTING BLOOD IN SYSTOLIC

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart that contracts to pump blood throughout the body. During systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the myocardium contracts forcefully, causing the chambers of the heart to squeeze and eject blood into the arteries. Therefore, it is true that the myocardium contracts and ejects blood during systolic phase.

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  • 6. 

    •A group of diseases characterized by chronic airway obstruction •Includes the following diseases: –Chronic bronchitis –Emphysema –Bronchiectasis

    • TB

    • COPD

    • ADD

    • CHPD

    Correct Answer
    A. COPD
    Explanation
    COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, which is a group of diseases characterized by chronic airway obstruction. This includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchiectasis. Therefore, the correct answer is COPD.

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  • 7. 

    AN INFLAMMATORY LESION THAT IS COMPOSED OF MACROpHAGES, LYMpHOCYTES, GIANT CELLS AND THAT FORMS MICROSCOPIC AGGREGATES OR NODULES.

    • FIBROSIS

    • GRANULOMA

    • CELIAC SPRUE

    • APLASTIC

    Correct Answer
    A. GRANULOMA
    Explanation
    A granuloma is an inflammatory lesion that is composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells. It forms microscopic aggregates or nodules. This explanation fits the given correct answer, which is "granuloma."

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  • 8. 

    What are cardiac dysfunction?

    • Failure of the pump, conduction problems, an obstruction to flow, regurgitation flow

    • Regurgitation flow, gastritis, volvulus, esophagitis,

    • Coronary arteries, ventricles, veins

    • Carcinoma of the gallbladder, adenomas, carcinomas

    Correct Answer
    A. Failure of the pump, conduction problems, an obstruction to flow, regurgitation flow
    Explanation
    Cardiac dysfunction refers to a condition where the heart is unable to effectively pump blood and perform its normal functions. This can occur due to various reasons such as failure of the pump, conduction problems, an obstruction to flow, and regurgitation flow. Failure of the pump refers to the inability of the heart to pump blood adequately, conduction problems involve issues with the electrical signals that control the heart's rhythm, an obstruction to flow can occur when there is a blockage in the blood vessels, and regurgitation flow happens when blood leaks backward through the heart valves.

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  • 9. 

    Clinic: chest pain that can radiate to the arm that lasts more than 15 sec and less than 15 min

    • Angina pectoris

    • MI

    • Atherosclerosis

    • LHF

    Correct Answer
    A. Angina pectoris
    Explanation
    The given symptoms of chest pain that can radiate to the arm and lasts for a specific duration (more than 15 sec and less than 15 min) are indicative of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by temporary chest discomfort or pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and typically lasts for a few minutes. MI (myocardial infarction) refers to a heart attack, which involves prolonged and severe chest pain. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to angina and other cardiovascular diseases. LHF (left heart failure) is not directly related to the given symptoms.

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  • 10. 

    DECREASE HEMATOPOIESIS (BONE MARROW FAILURE) DEFICIENCY OF NUTRIENTS (VITAMINE B12, FOLIC ACID, IRON, PROTEIN) ABNORMAL HEMATOPOIESIS, GENETIC ABNORMALITIES (SICKLE CELL, THALASSEMIA, SpHEROCYTOSIS) INCREASED LOSS OR DESTRUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS THOSE FACTOR MAY CAUSE :

    • ANEMIA

    • CANCER

    • HEPATITIS

    • CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG

    Correct Answer
    A. ANEMIA
    Explanation
    The factors mentioned, such as decrease in hematopoiesis, deficiency of nutrients, abnormal hematopoiesis, genetic abnormalities, and increased loss or destruction of red blood cells, are all known causes of anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, leading to a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, the given factors can all contribute to the development of anemia.

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  • 11. 

    MOST IMPORTANT NEOPLASMS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT ARE LUNG CANCER AND CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because lung cancer and carcinoma of the larynx are indeed the most important neoplasms of the respiratory tract. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is primarily caused by smoking. Carcinoma of the larynx, on the other hand, is a type of throat cancer that affects the vocal cords and is often associated with smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Both of these neoplasms are significant in terms of their prevalence, impact on health, and mortality rates, making them the most important neoplasms of the respiratory tract.

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  • 12. 

    Autoantibodies against tsh receptors are found in which one of these conditions?

    • Grave's disease

    • Atheroma

    • Suppurative thyroiditis

    • Cardiomyopathy

    Correct Answer
    A. Grave's disease
    Explanation
    In Grave's disease, autoantibodies against TSH receptors are found. This is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid gland, causing it to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. These autoantibodies bind to the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland, stimulating it to produce more thyroid hormone. This leads to symptoms such as hyperthyroidism, goiter, and eye problems. Atheroma, suppurative thyroiditis, and cardiomyopathy are not associated with the presence of autoantibodies against TSH receptors.

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  • 13. 

    SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY AN ACCUMULATION OF LIPIDS, FIBROSIS, AND CALCIFICATION OF THE ARTERIAL WALL. 

    • ATEROMA

    • ATHEROSCLEROSIS

    • ATRESIA

    • TROMBOSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis is a systemic arterial disease characterized by an accumulation of lipids, fibrosis, and calcification of the arterial wall. This condition occurs when fatty deposits, known as plaques, build up inside the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. These plaques can eventually rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots that can block blood flow and cause various cardiovascular complications. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of heart attacks, strokes, and other vascular diseases.

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  • 14. 

    MYOCARDIUM RELAX AND DILATES IN DYASTOLIC

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement "MYOCARDIUM RELAX AND DILATES IN DYASTOLIC" is true. During diastole, which is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the myocardium (the muscular tissue of the heart) relaxes and the chambers of the heart dilate. This allows for the filling of blood into the heart chambers, preparing it for the next contraction during systole.

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  • 15. 

    SPASM OF LOWER ESOpHAGUS SpHINCTER IS CALLED

    • ATRESIA

    • ACHALASIA

    • SLIDING

    Correct Answer
    A. ACHALASIA
    Explanation
    Achlasia is the correct answer because it refers to the condition characterized by the spasm of the lower esophagus sphincter. This condition causes difficulty in swallowing due to the inability of the sphincter to relax and allow food to pass into the stomach. Atresia, on the other hand, refers to a complete absence or blockage of a normal opening or passage in the body, which is not related to the given symptom. Sliding, in the context of the question, does not provide an accurate explanation for the spasm of the lower esophagus sphincter.

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  • 16. 

    Is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent

    • ACHALASIA

    • ATRESIA

    • ABSENT

    Correct Answer
    A. ATRESIA
    Explanation
    Atresia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent. This condition can occur in various parts of the body, such as the digestive system, respiratory system, or reproductive system. It can lead to various symptoms and complications depending on the specific location and severity of the atresia.

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  • 17. 

    Clinic: headache, blurred vision, 140/90, most will be asymptomatic.

    • Endocarditis

    • Myocarditis

    • Rheumatic heart disease

    • Systemic hypertension

    Correct Answer
    A. Systemic hypertension
    Explanation
    The given symptoms of headache, blurred vision, and a blood pressure reading of 140/90 suggest the possibility of systemic hypertension. Systemic hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high. It can lead to various symptoms, including headaches and blurred vision. The fact that most individuals with systemic hypertension are asymptomatic further supports this answer. Endocarditis, myocarditis, and rheumatic heart disease are not typically associated with these symptoms or blood pressure readings.

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  • 18. 

    Most important disease affecting the blood vessels.

    • MI

    • Atheroma

    • Atherosclerosis

    • LHF

    Correct Answer
    A. Atherosclerosis
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis is the most important disease affecting the blood vessels. It is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. This can lead to various cardiovascular complications, including heart attacks and strokes. Atherosclerosis is considered the most significant disease affecting the blood vessels due to its widespread prevalence and its potential to cause severe health problems.

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  • 19. 

    ETIOLGY:    HYPERLIPIDEMIA, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, HYPERTENSION, SMOKING, DIABETES, MEN.  

    • ATEROMA

    • ATHEROSCLEROSIS

    • ARTERITIS

    • TROMBOSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
    Explanation
    The given list of etiologies includes risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and being male. These risk factors are commonly associated with atherosclerosis, which is the formation of plaque in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances. This narrowing can lead to reduced blood flow and potentially result in various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, atherosclerosis is the most likely condition associated with the given etiologies.

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  • 20. 

    CLINIC: PERMANENTLY DILATED SUPERFICIAL VEINS

    • PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS

    • THROMBOPHLEBITIS

    • VARICOSE VEINS

    • DILATED ARTERIES

    Correct Answer
    A. VARICOSE VEINS
    Explanation
    Varicose veins are a condition characterized by permanently dilated superficial veins. This means that the veins become enlarged and twisted, often appearing as bulging, blue or purple cords under the skin. Varicose veins are caused by weakened or damaged valves in the veins, which prevent blood from flowing properly and cause it to pool. This condition is common in the legs and can cause discomfort, pain, and swelling. Treatment options for varicose veins include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and in severe cases, medical procedures.

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  • 21. 

    MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR OF INTERNAL ORGANS IN THE UNITED STATES.  MOST OFTEN RELATED TO CIGARRETTE SMOKING. CANCER PRESENT AFTER 40 Y/O

    • CANCER OF THE LARYNX

    • MESOTHELIOMA

    • LUNG CARCINOMA

    • PLEURITIS CANCER

    Correct Answer
    A. LUNG CARCINOMA
    Explanation
    Lung carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of internal organs in the United States. It is most often related to cigarette smoking and typically presents after the age of 40.

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  • 22. 

    Coronary arthery disease CAD etiology

    • Atherosclerosis

    • Angina pectoris

    • Chest pain

    • Smoking

    Correct Answer
    A. Atherosclerosis
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis is the correct answer because it is a leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque, which is primarily made up of cholesterol and other substances. This narrowing of the arteries can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart, resulting in symptoms such as angina pectoris (chest pain). Smoking is also a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and CAD, further supporting the association between atherosclerosis and CAD.

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  • 23. 

    Most serious infection (bacterial infection). Clinic: valve damage (CHF), high fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, chest pain, heart murmurs.

    • Myocarditis

    • Endocarditis

    • Pericarditis

    • MI

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocarditis
    Explanation
    Endocarditis is the correct answer because the symptoms described in the clinic, such as valve damage, high fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, chest pain, and heart murmurs, are characteristic of this condition. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, usually caused by bacteria. It can lead to valve damage and congestive heart failure (CHF), which aligns with the symptoms mentioned. Myocarditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle, pericarditis is inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, and MI (myocardial infarction) refers to a heart attack, none of which fully match the symptoms described.

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  • 24. 

    •Enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls •Is linked to chronic cigarette smoking but can be found in non-smokers with Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

    • EMPHYSEMA

    • LUNG CANCER

    • ASTHMA

    • TUBERCULOSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. EMPHYSEMA
    Explanation
    Emphysema is characterized by the enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls. It is commonly linked to chronic cigarette smoking, but can also occur in non-smokers with Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This condition leads to difficulty in breathing and can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Therefore, emphysema is the most appropriate answer based on the given explanation.

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  • 25. 

    Caused by bacteria,  virus and rarely fungi. could be infectious or noninfectious.  Exudation of Fluid in the pericardial sac. Clinic: Asymptomatic, severe chest pain.

    • Myocariditis

    • Pericarditis

    • Endocarditis

    • MI

    Correct Answer
    A. Pericarditis
    Explanation
    Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or rarely fungi, and can be either infectious or noninfectious. One of the main symptoms of pericarditis is the exudation of fluid in the pericardial sac. While pericarditis can cause severe chest pain, it is often asymptomatic. Therefore, pericarditis is the most appropriate answer given the information provided.

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  • 26. 

    Group of diseases affecting the myocardium.

    • Cardiac tumors

    • Cardiomyopathy

    • Pericarditis

    • Mjural thrombus

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiomyopathy
    Explanation
    Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of diseases that affect the myocardium, which is the muscle tissue of the heart. These diseases can lead to abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart, causing symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and abnormal heart rhythms. Unlike the other options listed, which are specific conditions or issues related to the heart, cardiomyopathy is a broader term encompassing various diseases that directly impact the myocardium. Therefore, it is the correct answer in this context.

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  • 27. 

    The heart cannot expand adequately to receive the inflowing blood.

    • Dilated cardiomyopathy

    • Restrictive cardiomyopathy

    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

    • Iatronic cardiomyopathy

    Correct Answer
    A. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
    Explanation
    Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes stiff and rigid, which restricts its ability to expand and receive blood properly. This results in inadequate expansion of the heart to accommodate the inflowing blood. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged and weakened heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, and iatrogenic cardiomyopathy refers to heart muscle damage caused by medical treatments or procedures. None of these conditions specifically explain the inability of the heart to expand adequately, making restrictive cardiomyopathy the correct answer.

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  • 28. 

    Hyperactive osteoclast activity with osteoporosis development are found in which one of these conditions?

    • Somatoform adenoma

    • Hyperparathyroidism

    • Thyroid adenoma

    • Diabetes insipidus

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperparathyroidism
    Explanation
    Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, which are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. In hyperparathyroidism, there is an excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to increased osteoclast activity. Osteoclasts are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue, and their hyperactivity can result in the development of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Therefore, hyperactive osteoclast activity with osteoporosis development is commonly found in individuals with hyperparathyroidism.

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  • 29. 

    Conn's syndrome is associated with:

    • Hyperaldosteronism

    • Hypergonadism

    • Hyperglycemia

    • Hyperinsulin

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperaldosteronism
    Explanation
    Conn's syndrome is a condition associated with hyperaldosteronism. Hyperaldosteronism refers to the overproduction of aldosterone hormone by the adrenal glands, leading to an imbalance of electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body. This can result in high blood pressure, low potassium levels, and increased fluid retention. Conn's syndrome is typically caused by a benign tumor in the adrenal glands, which leads to excessive aldosterone production. Treatment usually involves medication to control blood pressure and surgery to remove the tumor.

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  • 30. 

    The most common etiologic factor for acute pancreatitis is:

    • Alcohol

    • Smoking

    • Nitrated in food

    • Sun exposure

    Correct Answer
    A. Alcohol
    Explanation
    Alcohol is the most common etiologic factor for acute pancreatitis. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation of the pancreas, causing the condition. Alcohol stimulates the production of digestive enzymes, which can accumulate and cause damage to the pancreatic tissue. It can also lead to the formation of gallstones, which can block the pancreatic duct and trigger pancreatitis. Smoking, nitrated food, and sun exposure are not commonly associated with acute pancreatitis.

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  • 31. 

    COMPLICATION OF REFLUX ESOpHAGITIS IS

    • HEMORRHAGE

    • BARRET'S ESOPHAGUS

    • MALLORY WEISS SYNDROME

    • CUSHING'S SYNDROME

    Correct Answer
    A. BARRET'S ESOPHAGUS
    Explanation
    The complication of reflux esophagitis is Barrett's esophagus. Reflux esophagitis refers to inflammation and irritation of the esophagus due to the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus. If left untreated, chronic inflammation can lead to changes in the lining of the esophagus, causing it to resemble the lining of the intestines. This condition is known as Barrett's esophagus and is a risk factor for developing esophageal cancer.

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  • 32. 

    Presence of hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and hypothyroidism is associated with

    • Absent ovaries

    • Gastrinoma

    • Large pituitary adenoma

    • Lung cancer

    • Carcinoid in appendix vermiformis

    Correct Answer
    A. Large pituitary adenoma
    Explanation
    The presence of hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism is associated with a large pituitary adenoma. This is because a large pituitary adenoma can disrupt the normal functioning of the pituitary gland, leading to hormonal imbalances such as hypothyroidism and hypogonadism. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating various hormones in the body, including thyroid hormones and sex hormones. Therefore, the presence of these hormonal imbalances suggests the presence of a large pituitary adenoma.

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  • 33. 

    WHICH CANCER IS  ASSOCIATED WITH H. PYLORI AND TRISOSAMINES IN FOOD?

    • LIVER ADENOCARCINOMA

    • STOMACH ADENOCARCINOMA

    • TONGUE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

    • ORAL CANCER

    Correct Answer
    A. STOMACH ADENOCARCINOMA
    Explanation
    Stomach adenocarcinoma is associated with H. pylori infection and the consumption of nitrosamines in food. H. pylori is a bacterium that can cause chronic inflammation in the stomach lining, leading to the development of cancer cells. Nitrosamines are chemical compounds found in processed meats, smoked foods, and certain beverages, which have been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Therefore, stomach adenocarcinoma is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with both H. pylori infection and the presence of nitrosamines in food.

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  • 34. 

    ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES, KNOWN ASl

    • CEREBRO VASCULAR DISEASE

    • ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF THE AORTA

    • CORONARY HEART DISEASE

    • AORTIC ANEURISM

    Correct Answer
    A. CORONARY HEART DISEASE
    Explanation
    The given answer, "CORONARY HEART DISEASE," is the correct explanation because atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This condition can lead to restricted blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain, heart attacks, and other complications. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is commonly referred to as coronary heart disease.

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  • 35. 

    HETEROGENOUS, MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE. TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY. RECURRENT ALLERGIC PULMONARY DISEASE MARKED BY BRONCHOSPASM, WHEEZING AND EXCESSIVE MUCUS FORMATION.

    • SARCOIDOSIS

    • ASTHMA

    • HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONIA

    • PNEUMOCONIOSES

    Correct Answer
    A. ASTHMA
    Explanation
    Asthma is the correct answer because it is a recurrent allergic pulmonary disease characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and excessive mucus formation. Asthma is a heterogenous, multifactorial disease that is commonly triggered by allergens, irritants, exercise, and respiratory infections. It is a chronic condition that affects the airways and can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, and chest tightness. Treatment for asthma typically involves the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms and prevent exacerbations.

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  • 36. 

    Cause of endocrine hypertension

    • Unknown

    • Kidney disease

    • Pheochromocytoma

    • Complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Pheochromocytoma
    Explanation
    Pheochromocytoma is a known cause of endocrine hypertension. It is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. This tumor causes the adrenal glands to produce excessive amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to high blood pressure. Pheochromocytoma can be difficult to diagnose as its symptoms are similar to other conditions, but once identified, it can be treated with surgery to remove the tumor.

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  • 37. 

    Clinic: most common in woman and asymptomatic. Auscultation - murmur

    • Cardiomyopathy

    • Mitral valve prolapse

    • Tumors

    • MI

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitral valve prolapse
    Explanation
    Mitral valve prolapse is the most likely explanation based on the given information. It is a condition that is more commonly found in women and is often asymptomatic. Auscultation of the heart may reveal a murmur, which is consistent with mitral valve prolapse. The other options, such as cardiomyopathy, tumors, and MI, do not specifically match the given information and are less likely to be the correct answer.

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  • 38. 

    ETIOLOGY:   MEDIATED BY ANTIBODIES THAT DESTROY RED BLOOD CELLS

    • HEREDITARY ANMEIA

    • SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

    • HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

    • IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANMEIA

    Correct Answer
    A. IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANMEIA
    Explanation
    Immune hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia that is caused by antibodies destroying red blood cells. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly recognizes its own red blood cells as foreign and produces antibodies to attack and destroy them. This leads to a decrease in the number of red blood cells, resulting in anemia. Therefore, the given answer is correct as it accurately identifies immune hemolytic anemia as the type of anemia caused by antibodies destroying red blood cells.

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  • 39. 

    PUNCHOUT HOLES (LYTIC LESSIONS) IN THE CALVARIA AND THE VERTEBRAE CLINIC: HYPERCALCEMIA, RENAL FAILURE, ANEMIA AND LEUKOPENIA

    • MYELOMA

    • MULTIPLE MYELOMA

    • SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

    • LEUKEMIA

    Correct Answer
    A. MULTIPLE MYELOMA
    Explanation
    The correct answer is multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is characterized by the presence of lytic lesions, or punchout holes, in the calvaria (skull) and the vertebrae. Additionally, patients with multiple myeloma often present with hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood), renal failure, anemia, and leukopenia (low white blood cell count).

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  • 40. 

    PEPSIN, HCL, GASTRIN, INTRINSIC FACTOR ARE SECRETED BY

    • SMALL INTESTINE

    • STOMACH

    • SALIVARTY GLAND

    • PANCREAS

    Correct Answer
    A. STOMACH
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the stomach. Pepsin, HCl, gastrin, and intrinsic factor are all secreted by the stomach. Pepsin is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins, HCl is responsible for the acidic environment in the stomach, gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the production of gastric acid, and intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. These substances are all produced and secreted by the cells lining the stomach.

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  • 41. 

    PLAQUE MADE OF MACROpHAGE, SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, FAT, FOAM CELLS, FIBROBLAST = COLLAGEN PRODUCTION.   CELL + COLLAGEN + FAT = ?

    • ATHEROSCLEROSIS

    • ATHEROMA

    • FAT

    • TROMBOSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. ATHEROMA
    Explanation
    The given answer, ATHEROMA, is correct because it represents the plaque that is formed in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which is made up of various components including macrophages, smooth muscle cells, fat, foam cells, and fibroblast. Atheroma specifically refers to the fatty deposits within the plaque. Therefore, ATHEROMA is the most appropriate answer that represents the composition of the plaque in atherosclerosis.

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  • 42. 

    ETIOLOGY:  ATHEROSCLEROSIS, SYpHILIS, DISSECTING, CONGENITAL (BRAIN, BERRY) LOCALIZED DILATION OF AN ARTERY.

    • ATHEROMA

    • ATHEROSCLEROSIS

    • ANEURISM

    • CEREBRO VASCULAR DISEASE

    Correct Answer
    A. ANEURISM
    Explanation
    An aneurysm is a localized dilation of an artery. In this case, the given etiologies (atherosclerosis, syphilis, dissecting, congenital) are all potential causes of aneurysms. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can weaken the arterial walls and lead to an aneurysm. Syphilis can cause inflammation and damage to the blood vessels, increasing the risk of aneurysm formation. Dissecting aneurysms occur when there is a tear in the arterial wall, leading to blood accumulating between the layers and causing dilation. Finally, congenital aneurysms can be present from birth. Therefore, an aneurysm is the correct answer based on the given etiologies.

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  • 43. 

    INCOMPLETE EXPANSION OR COMPLETE COLLAPSE OF ALVEOLI

    • ATELECTASIS

    • PNEUMOCONIOSES

    • DYSPNEA

    • ALVEOLOECTASIS

    Correct Answer
    A. ATELECTASIS
    Explanation
    Atelectasis refers to the incomplete expansion or complete collapse of the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as blockage of the airways, compression of the lung tissue, or surfactant deficiency. Atelectasis can lead to symptoms like dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and can be seen in conditions like pneumoconioses (lung diseases caused by inhalation of dust particles) or alveoloectasis (abnormal enlargement of the alveoli).

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  • 44. 

    COLONIZATION OF PERIODONTAL POCKETS WITH BACTERIA

    • DENTAL CARIES

    • PERIODONTAL DISEASE

    Correct Answer
    A. PERIODONTAL DISEASE
    Explanation
    Periodontal disease refers to a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by the colonization of bacteria in the periodontal pockets, which are the spaces between the teeth and gums. These bacteria produce toxins that lead to inflammation and destruction of the gum tissues and bone. Therefore, the given correct answer, "PERIODONTAL DISEASE," is the most appropriate explanation as it directly relates to the colonization of bacteria in the periodontal pockets.

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  • 45. 

    ACCUMULATION OF IRON IN BODY.  AUTOSOMAL RECESIVE DISEASE OR LIVER DISEASE.

    • HEMOCHROMATOSIS

    • HEPATOMEGALY

    • ANEMIA IRON DEFICIENCY

    Correct Answer
    A. HEMOCHROMATOSIS
    Explanation
    Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of iron in the body. It is an autosomal recessive disease, meaning that both parents must carry the mutated gene for a child to inherit the condition. The excess iron is stored in various organs, including the liver, leading to hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). Additionally, the iron overload can interfere with the body's ability to absorb and utilize iron, resulting in anemia due to iron deficiency. Therefore, the given answer is "Hemochromatosis."

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  • 46. 

    MOST COMMON NECROSIS

    • FAT NECROSIS

    • CASEOUS NECROSIS

    • WET GANGRENE

    • COAGULATIVE NECROSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. COAGULATIVE NECROSIS
    Explanation
    Coagulative necrosis is the most common type of necrosis. It occurs when there is a lack of blood supply to a tissue, resulting in the death of cells. In coagulative necrosis, the architecture of the tissue is preserved, and the affected area appears firm and pale. This type of necrosis is commonly seen in organs such as the heart, kidney, and liver. It is characterized by the denaturation of proteins, which leads to the formation of a firm, coagulated mass.

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  • 47. 

    INCREASED RED BLOOD CELL DESTRUCTION, INTRACORPUSCULAR DEFECTS, EXTRACORPUSCULAR DEFECTS.

    • HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

    • APLASTIC ANEMIA

    • ANEMIA

    • LEUCOCYTOSIS

    Correct Answer
    A. HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
    Explanation
    Increased red blood cell destruction, intracorpuscular defects, and extracorpuscular defects are characteristic features of hemolytic anemia. In this condition, there is an accelerated destruction of red blood cells, either due to abnormalities within the red blood cells themselves (intracorpuscular defects) or factors outside of the red blood cells (extracorpuscular defects). This leads to a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells, resulting in anemia. Aplastic anemia, on the other hand, is characterized by a decrease in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Leucocytosis refers to an increase in the number of white blood cells, which is not related to the given characteristics.

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  • 48. 

    CLINICAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE CHANGE IN THE LUNG THAT LEAD TO ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE. P: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR DAMAGE, LUNG FILLED WITH EDEMA NO AIR. CINIC: ACUTE ONSET OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE, SOB, GRASPING FOR AIR.

    • ARDS

    • SYDS

    • CWLD

    • ADRS

    Correct Answer
    A. ARDS
    Explanation
    ARDS stands for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. It is a clinical term used to describe a change in the lung that leads to acute respiratory failure. The condition is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, where the lung is filled with edema and there is no air. Clinically, patients with ARDS experience an acute onset of respiratory failure, shortness of breath, and a feeling of grasping for air. Therefore, the correct answer is ARDS.

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  • 49. 

    DISEASE OF SMOKERS. PATIENT PRESENT WITH HOARSENESS AND LOSS OF VOICE

    • LUNG CARCINOMA

    • CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX

    • LUNG CANCER

    • MESOTHELIOMA

    Correct Answer
    A. CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX
    Explanation
    The correct answer is CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX. Hoarseness and loss of voice are common symptoms of laryngeal carcinoma. This type of cancer affects the voice box, specifically the vocal cords, leading to changes in voice quality and eventually voice loss. Smoking is a major risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma, hence the reference to "disease of smokers" in the question. Lung carcinoma and lung cancer are more general terms that do not specifically relate to the symptoms described. Mesothelioma, on the other hand, is a cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, but it does not typically present with hoarseness or loss of voice.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Nov 08, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Paoladelvallep

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