A&P – Chapter 7 – The Muscular System
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A&P – Chapter 7 – The Muscular System
- 1.Muscles are named by-(Select all that apply)Pg 183
- A.
Shape & Size
- B.
Bone they are near
- C.
Number of origins
- D.
Point of attachments
- E.
Directions of fibers
- 2.In order to create movement, muscle fibers usually _______.Pg 183
- A.
Get longer
- B.
Get shorter
- 3.Attachment of muscle to bone that doesn't move when contraction occurs.Pg G-23
- A.
Origin
- B.
Insertion
- 4.Attachment of muscle to bone that moves when contractions occur.Pg G-17
- A.
Origin
- B.
Insertion
- 5.Smooth muscle is also referred to as-(Check all that apply)Pg 156
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Voluntary
- C.
Involuntary
- D.
Visceral
- E.
Striated
- 6.Skeletal muscle is also referred to as-(Check all that apply)pg 156
- A.
Striated
- B.
Involuntary
- C.
Voluntary
- D.
Visceral
- E.
Smooth
- 7.Have unique dark bands called intercalated disks where the plasma membranes of adjacent _____ fibers come in contact with each other.Pg 156
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Smooth
- 8.Unique dark bands called _______ where the plasma membranes of adjacent cardiac fibers come in contact with each other.Pg 156
- 9.Fibers are cylindrical, branch frequently, and then recombine into a continuous mass of interconnected tissue.Pg 156
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Smooth
- 10.An organ composed mainly of striated muscle fibers & connective tissue.Pg 157
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Smooth
- 11.______ anchor muscles firmly to bones.Pg 157
- 12.Made of dense, fibrous connective tissues in the shape of heavy cords.Pg 157
- 13.Muscular movement occurs when chemical enery from nutrient molecules are transferred to protein filaments in each muscle fiber and then converted to mechanical energy that attempts to contract the muscle.Pg 155
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Prefixes that refer to muscle-(Select all that apply)Pg 155
- A.
Dendro-
- B.
Myo-
- C.
-ase
- D.
Sarco-
- E.
Oligo-
- 15.Each fine thread is a muscle is called a muscle cell or a muscle _____.Pg 156
- 16.Have a smooth appearance when viewed under the microscope.Pg 156
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Smooth
- 17.Most ___muscles attach to two bones that have a movable joint between them.Pg 157
- 18.Tendon ______ enclose some tendons.Pg 157
- 19.Thick & thin myofilaments are formed by proteins called-Pg 157
- A.
Origin & Insertion
- B.
Myosin & Actin
- C.
Calcium & Oxygen
- 20.Thick myofilaments are made from a protein called-Pg 157
- A.
Actin
- B.
Myosin
- 21.Thin myofilaments are made from a protein called-Pg 157
- A.
Actin
- B.
Myosin
- 22.What is the smallest functional unit of muscle?Pg 157-159
- 23.Of all the muscles contracting simultaneously, the one that is manily responsible for producing a particular movment is called the _______________.Pg 159
- A.
Prime mover
- B.
Synergists
- C.
Antagonist muscles
- 24.The other muscles that helps in producing the movement are called ___.Pg 159
- A.
Prime mover
- B.
Synergists
- C.
Antagonist muscles
- 25.When muscles contract simultaneously, the other muscles that relax are called ____.Pg 159
- A.
Prime mover
- B.
Synergists
- C.
Antagonist muscles
- 26.Tension during muscle lengthening is often called ___ ___.Page 159
- 27.What is required for contraction in the sliding filament model?Pg 158(Select all that apply)
- A.
Calcium
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Hydrogen
- E.
Adenosine triphosphate
- 28.Functions of skeletal muscles-Pg 159(Select all that apply)
- A.
Movement
- B.
Stimulus
- C.
Heat Production
- D.
Posture
- 29.When maintain body posture because of continuous, low-strenght muscle contractions called ______ contractions.Pg 160
- 30.Any decrease below normal temperature is called-Pg 160
- A.
Hyperthermia
- B.
Hypothermia
- 31.Any increase above normal temperature is called-Pg 160
- A.
Hyperthermia
- B.
Hypothermia
- 32.If muscle fibers are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the strength of the muscle contraction decreases, resulting in _____.Pg 160
- 33.Muscle fibers are stimulated by a nerve fiber called a __________.Pg 161
- A.
Neurotransmitter
- B.
Motor neuron
- 34.Formation of ____ results in a rapid consumption of oxygen & nutrients.Pg 160
- A.
Less ATP
- B.
More ATP
- 35.The term _____ describes the continued increased metabolism that must occur in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise.Pg 160
- 36.The shutting off of impulses to certain skeletal muscles results in ______.Pg 160
- 37.The ____ of muscle fibers produces most of the heat required to maintain body temperature.Pg 160
- 38.Chemicals called _____ are released by the motor neuron in response to a nervous impulse.Pg 161
- A.
Mylain
- B.
Actin
- C.
Neurotransmitters
- 39.A single motor neuron, with the muscle fibers it innervates is called a ________/Pg 161
- 40.The neuromuscular junction is where ________ meets.Pg 161
- A.
Fibers & muscles
- B.
Nerve & muscles
- C.
Nerves & neurons
- 41.The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the ____ stimulus. Pg 162
- 42.Muscle fibers are said to respond ______.Pg 162
- A.
Some or none
- B.
All or some
- C.
All or none
- 43.A quick, jerky response to stimulus.Pg 162
- A.
Twitch
- B.
Tetanic Contraction
- C.
Isotonic Contraction
- D.
Isometric Contraction
- 44.A more sustained and steady response than a twitch.Pg 162
- A.
Tetanic contraction
- B.
Isotonic contraction
- C.
Isometric contraction
- 45.In most cases produces movement of a joint.pg 162
- A.
Isometric contraction
- B.
Isotonic contraction
- 46.In a type of isotonic contraction called ____, the insertion end moves towards the point of origin.Pg 162
- A.
Concentric
- B.
Eccentric
- 47.A type of isotonic contraction wherea muscle produces tension as it lengthens and thus insertion moves away from the origin.Pg 162
- A.
Concentric contraction
- B.
Eccentric contraction
- 48.A contraction that does not always produce movement. Sometimes it increases the tension within a muscle but does not shorten it.Pg 162
- A.
Isotonic contraction
- B.
Isometric contraction
- 49.During prolonged inactivity, muscles usually shrink in mass, a condition called ____.Pg 164
- 50.Muscle hypertrophy can be enhanced by-Pg 164
- A.
Aerobic training
- B.
Strength training
- 51.Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called ___.Pg 164
- 52.Isometric-Pg 164(Choose all that apply)
- A.
Aerobic training
- B.
Strength training
- C.
Increase number & size of myofilaments of each muscle fiber
- D.
Increase number of blood vessels
- 53.Isotonic-Pg 164-165(Choose all that apply)
- A.
Increase number & size of myofilaments of each muscle fiber
- B.
Strength training
- C.
Increase number of blood vessels
- D.
Aerobic training
- 54.Aerobic training also causes an increase in the number of ______ in muscle fibers. This allows production of more ATP as a rapid energy source.Pg 165
- 55.Adductor Group-Pg 166(Select all that apply)
- A.
Adductor Longus
- B.
Pectineus
- C.
Rectus femoris
- D.
Gracilis
- E.
Soleus
- 56.Quadriceps group-Pg 166(Select all that apply)
- A.
Vastus lateralis
- B.
Biceps femoris
- C.
Vastis medialis
- D.
Rectus femoris
- E.
Gracilis
- 57.Hamstring group-Pg 167(select all that apply)
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Biceps femoris
- C.
Semitendinosus
- D.
Semimembranosus
- E.
Pectineus
- 58.Moving a part away from the midline of the body.Pg 173
- A.
Adduction
- B.
Abduction
- C.
Flexion
- D.
Pronation
- 59.A movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of the movement.Pg 172
- A.
Extension
- B.
Flexion
- C.
Rotation
- D.
Supination
- 60.Is a moment around a longitudinal axis.Pg 173
- A.
Abduction
- B.
Rotation
- C.
Flexion
- D.
Extension
- 61.Function: Raises eyebrowspg 168
- A.
Masseter
- B.
Trapezius
- C.
Frontal
- 62.Function: Closes jawPg 168
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Masseter
- C.
Sternocleidomastoid
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