The brachialis is a muscle located in the upper arm, specifically in the anterior compartment. It lies deep to the biceps brachii muscle and is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint. The other muscles listed, such as biceps brachii, palmaris longus, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis, are also muscles in the upper arm and forearm, but they have different functions and locations compared to the brachialis muscle.