YMCA L2 Anatomy - Muscular System
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is an example of a smooth, involuntary muscle?
- A.
Digestive tract
- B.
Heart
- C.
Biceps
- D.
Latissimus dorsi
Correct Answer
A. Digestive tractExplanation
The digestive tract is an example of a smooth, involuntary muscle because it is made up of smooth muscle tissue that is not under conscious control. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of organs and structures such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and uterus. They are responsible for involuntary movements and contractions that help with processes like digestion, circulation, and childbirth. In contrast, the heart is made up of cardiac muscle, which is also involuntary but has a striated appearance. The biceps and latissimus dorsi are examples of skeletal muscles, which are under voluntary control.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What type of muscle fibre forms the walls of blood vessels?
- A.
Smooth
- B.
Skeletal
- C.
Striated
- D.
Cardiac
Correct Answer
A. SmoothExplanation
Smooth muscle fibers form the walls of blood vessels. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary, meaning it is not under conscious control. It is found in various organs and structures throughout the body, including the walls of blood vessels. Smooth muscle is responsible for regulating the diameter of blood vessels, allowing them to constrict or dilate to control blood flow and blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the alternative name given to skeletal muscle tissue?
- A.
Striated
- B.
Caridac
- C.
Involuntary
- D.
Smooth
Correct Answer
A. StriatedExplanation
The alternative name given to skeletal muscle tissue is striated. This is because skeletal muscle tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the arrangement of its contractile proteins. This type of muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements and is attached to the skeleton, allowing us to move our limbs and perform various actions.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following types of muscle tissue is voluntary?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Arterial wall
- C.
Digestive tract
- D.
Heart
Correct Answer
A. TrapeziusExplanation
The trapezius muscle is voluntary because it is under conscious control. It is located in the upper back and neck region and is responsible for movements such as shrugging the shoulders and rotating the head. In contrast, the arterial wall, digestive tract, and heart are involuntary muscles that are not consciously controlled.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the name of the protein that forms the 'thick' filaments in skeletal muscle tissue?
- A.
Myosin
- B.
Actin
- C.
Troponin
- D.
Tropomyosin
Correct Answer
A. MyosinExplanation
Myosin is the correct answer because it is the protein that forms the 'thick' filaments in skeletal muscle tissue. These filaments play a crucial role in muscle contraction by interacting with actin, which forms the 'thin' filaments. Myosin contains a head region that binds to actin and a tail region that interacts with other myosin molecules, allowing for the sliding of the filaments and the generation of force during muscle contraction. Troponin and tropomyosin are also important proteins involved in muscle contraction, but they are associated with the regulation of actin and not the formation of the 'thick' filaments.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the name of the structure formed from the protein filaments actin and myosin?
- A.
Sarcomere
- B.
Myofibril
- C.
Fasicicle
- D.
H-zone
Correct Answer
A. SarcomereExplanation
The structure formed from the protein filaments actin and myosin is called a sarcomere. Sarcomeres are the basic functional units of muscle fibers and are responsible for muscle contraction. Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other during contraction, causing the sarcomere to shorten and the muscle to contract.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following muscle tissue types is responsible for physical movement?
- A.
Voluntary
- B.
Smooth
- C.
Cardiac
- D.
Involuntary
Correct Answer
A. VoluntaryExplanation
Voluntary muscle tissue is responsible for physical movement because it is under conscious control. This type of muscle tissue is found in skeletal muscles and is attached to bones, allowing us to move our body parts intentionally. Smooth muscle tissue is found in organs and blood vessels, cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart, and involuntary muscle tissue refers to both smooth and cardiac muscles, which are not under conscious control.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is the broad protective sheath that surrounds the entire muscle?
- A.
Epimysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Perimysium
- D.
Myofibril
Correct Answer
A. EpimysiumExplanation
The broad protective sheath that surrounds the entire muscle is called the epimysium. It is a dense connective tissue layer that encases the entire muscle, providing support and protection. The epimysium helps to maintain the shape of the muscle and allows for smooth movement by preventing friction between the muscle and surrounding tissues. It also contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle with oxygen and nutrients, allowing it to function properly. The other options, endomysium, perimysium, and myofibril, are not the correct answer as they refer to different structures within the muscle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following surrounds each individual muscle fibre?
- A.
Endomysium
- B.
Sarcomere
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Perimysium
Correct Answer
A. EndomysiumExplanation
The endomysium surrounds each individual muscle fibre. It is a thin layer of connective tissue that provides support and protection to the muscle fibre. It also contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibre with nutrients and signals for contraction. The endomysium plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle fibre and facilitating its proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following surround bundles of muscle fibres?
- A.
Perimysium
- B.
Epimysium
- C.
Endomysium
- D.
Fascia
Correct Answer
A. PerimysiumExplanation
The perimysium surrounds bundles of muscle fibers. It is a connective tissue layer that separates and supports individual muscle fascicles within a muscle. It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the muscle fibers with nutrients and oxygen. The perimysium also helps to protect and maintain the structural integrity of the muscle fibers, allowing them to function properly during muscle contraction and relaxation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following muscles is located on the front of the torso?
- A.
Pectoralis major
- B.
Trapezius
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Biceps
Correct Answer
A. Pectoralis majorExplanation
The pectoralis major muscle is located on the front of the torso. It is a large muscle that covers the chest area and is responsible for movements such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm. It is commonly referred to as the "pecs" and is well-developed in individuals who engage in chest exercises such as bench press and push-ups. The trapezius muscle is located on the upper back and neck, the rhomboids are located between the shoulder blades, and the biceps are located on the front of the upper arm.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
- A.
Lower leg
- B.
Lower arm
- C.
Upper leg
- D.
Torso
Correct Answer
A. Lower legExplanation
The tibialis anterior muscle is located in the lower leg. It is a muscle that runs along the front of the shinbone and is responsible for dorsiflexion, which is the movement that lifts the foot upwards. This muscle helps to control the movement of the ankle and is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Where are the rhomboids located?
- A.
Upper back
- B.
Mid back
- C.
Lower back
- D.
Shoulders
Correct Answer
A. Upper backExplanation
The rhomboids are located in the upper back. These muscles are situated between the shoulder blades and attach to the spine. They play a crucial role in retracting and stabilizing the shoulder blades, allowing for proper posture and movement of the upper back and shoulders.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following muscles is located in the upper back?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Erector spinae
- C.
Internal oblique
- D.
Deltoid
Correct Answer
A. TrapeziusExplanation
The trapezius muscle is located in the upper back. It is a large muscle that extends from the base of the skull down to the middle of the back and across the shoulder blades. The trapezius muscle is responsible for various movements of the shoulder blades, such as shrugging, rotating, and retracting them. It also helps to support good posture and stabilize the upper back.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What are the names of the four quadricep muscles
- A.
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
- B.
Rectus spinatus, vastus spinatus, vastus minor, vastus scapularis
- C.
Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
- D.
Subfemoris, supralateralis, supramedialis, vastus minor
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermediusExplanation
The correct answer is Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius. These are the names of the four quadricep muscles. The rectus femoris is located in the middle of the thigh, while the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius are located on the outer, inner, and middle parts of the thigh respectively.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is not one of the hamstring muscles?
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Bicep femoris
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Semitendinosus
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is not one of the hamstring muscles. The hamstring muscles are a group of three muscles located at the back of the thigh: the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. The rectus femoris, on the other hand, is a muscle located at the front of the thigh.Rate this question:
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- 17.
How many layers of muscle does the 'pelvic floor' contain?
- A.
Two
- B.
Three
- C.
Four
- D.
One
Correct Answer
A. TwoExplanation
The pelvic floor contains two layers of muscle. These muscles play a crucial role in supporting the organs in the pelvic region, such as the bladder, uterus, and rectum. The first layer is the superficial layer, consisting of muscles like the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus. The second layer is the deep layer, composed of muscles like the levator ani and coccygeus. These muscles work together to maintain urinary and fecal continence, provide support for the pelvic organs, and contribute to sexual function.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following are the two pelvic floor muscles?
- A.
Coccygeus/levator ani
- B.
Erector spinae/multifidus
- C.
Obliques/transverse abdominis
- D.
Gluteus minimis/gluteus medius
Correct Answer
A. Coccygeus/levator aniExplanation
The correct answer is Coccygeus/levator ani. These are the two muscles that make up the pelvic floor. The coccygeus muscle is located at the back of the pelvis and helps support the pelvic organs, while the levator ani muscle is a group of muscles that form a sling-like structure, providing support to the pelvic organs and helping with bowel and bladder control.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is not a function of the pelvic floor muscles?
- A.
Storage
- B.
Stability
- C.
Support
- D.
Continence control
Correct Answer
A. StorageExplanation
The pelvic floor muscles are responsible for various functions, including stability, support, and continence control. However, storage is not a function of the pelvic floor muscles. Storage refers to the ability to hold urine or feces until it is convenient to release them. This function is primarily controlled by the bladder and the rectum, rather than the pelvic floor muscles.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is not a fact of muscle action?
- A.
Muscles pull and push
- B.
Muscles cross at least one joint
- C.
Muscles only work in their line of fibre
- D.
Muscles work in pairs
Correct Answer
A. Muscles pull and pushExplanation
The statement "Muscles pull and push" is not a fact of muscle action. While it is true that muscles can generate force to pull or push, this statement oversimplifies the complex actions and interactions of muscles in the body. Muscles primarily work by contracting and relaxing, which allows them to generate force and create movement. They do not simply pull or push, but rather work in coordination with other muscles and joints to produce specific movements and actions.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which type of muscle contraction leads to a muscle shortening in length?
- A.
Concentric
- B.
Eccentric
- C.
Isometric
- D.
Isotonic
Correct Answer
A. ConcentricExplanation
Concentric muscle contraction is the type of contraction that leads to a muscle shortening in length. During concentric contraction, the muscle generates enough force to overcome the resistance or load, causing the muscle to shorten as it contracts. This type of contraction is commonly associated with movements such as lifting a weight or flexing the biceps. In contrast, eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension, and isometric contraction refers to a muscle contracting without changing its length. Isotonic contraction refers to a muscle contraction where the tension remains constant while the muscle changes length.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is a isometric/static contraction?
- A.
Plank
- B.
Press up
- C.
Chin ups
- D.
Ab curl
Correct Answer
A. PlankExplanation
A plank is a form of isometric/static contraction because it involves holding a position without any movement. In a plank, the body is supported by the forearms and toes, and the core muscles are engaged to maintain a straight line from head to toes. This static position helps to strengthen the core muscles, improve stability, and increase overall body strength. Unlike the other options listed, which involve movement and dynamic contractions, the plank is a stationary exercise that focuses on building strength and endurance through static muscle engagement.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What causes a muscle to contract?
- A.
Nerve impulses
- B.
Sensory neurons
- C.
Isometric contraction
- D.
Troponin
Correct Answer
A. Nerve impulsesExplanation
Muscles contract in response to nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are electrical signals that travel from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle fibers, causing them to contract. When a nerve impulse reaches a muscle, it stimulates the release of calcium ions, which in turn activates the protein troponin. Troponin then initiates a series of chemical reactions that allow the muscle fibers to slide past each other, resulting in muscle contraction. Therefore, nerve impulses are the primary cause of muscle contraction.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When a muscle relaxes to allow movement it is acting as a/an
- A.
Antagonist
- B.
Agonist
- C.
Fixator
- D.
Synergist
Correct Answer
A. AntagonistExplanation
When a muscle relaxes to allow movement, it is acting as an antagonist. Antagonist muscles work in opposition to the prime mover muscles, allowing controlled movement by resisting or opposing the action of the prime mover. In this case, the relaxing muscle is opposing the contraction of the prime mover muscle, allowing the desired movement to occur smoothly and in a controlled manner.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When a muscle assists another muscle to allow movement to occur it is acting as a/an
- A.
Synergist
- B.
Agonist
- C.
Antagonist
- D.
Fixator
Correct Answer
A. SynergistExplanation
A synergist is a muscle that assists another muscle to allow movement to occur. It works together with the agonist muscle to produce a desired movement. While the agonist is the primary muscle responsible for the movement, the synergist helps to stabilize the joint or provide additional force to assist the agonist. In contrast, an antagonist muscle opposes or resists the action of the agonist, while a fixator muscle stabilizes a joint or body part to allow other muscles to work more efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What action will result from a concentric contraction of the rhomboids?
- A.
Shoulder retraction
- B.
Shoulder protraction
- C.
Shoulder elevation
- D.
Shoulder depression
Correct Answer
A. Shoulder retractionExplanation
A concentric contraction of the rhomboids refers to the shortening of these muscles. The rhomboids are responsible for pulling the shoulder blades together towards the spine. Therefore, a concentric contraction of the rhomboids will result in shoulder retraction, which is the movement of pulling the shoulders back and squeezing the shoulder blades together.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the name given to a muscle contraction which results in no movement?
- A.
Isometric
- B.
Isotonic
- C.
Concentric
- D.
Isotonic
Correct Answer
A. IsometricExplanation
Isometric contractions are muscle contractions that occur without any movement in the joints. During an isometric contraction, the muscle generates tension, but there is no change in the length of the muscle or movement in the associated joint. This type of contraction is commonly used in exercises like planks or wall sits, where the muscle is contracted against an immovable object or held in a fixed position. Isotonic contractions, on the other hand, involve muscle shortening or lengthening, resulting in movement at the joints. Concentric contractions specifically refer to muscle shortening during contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is Isometric.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What action will result from an eccentric contraction of the biceps?
- A.
Lowering phase of bicep curl
- B.
Lifting phase of bicep curl
- C.
Lower phase of tricep extension
- D.
Lifting phase of tricep extension
Correct Answer
A. Lowering phase of bicep curlExplanation
An eccentric contraction of the biceps refers to the lengthening of the muscle while it is under tension. During the lowering phase of a bicep curl exercise, the biceps are actively controlling the movement and resisting the force of gravity as the weight is being lowered. Therefore, the correct answer is the "Lowering phase of bicep curl."Rate this question:
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- 29.
How can the Valsalva effect be avoided?
- A.
Breathing out during lifting phase
- B.
Holding breath during lifting phase
- C.
Breathing in during lifting phase
- D.
Holding breath on lowering phase
Correct Answer
A. Breathing out during lifting phaseExplanation
Breathing out during the lifting phase helps to avoid the Valsalva effect. The Valsalva effect occurs when a person holds their breath and tries to exhale forcefully while keeping their airway closed. This can cause a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which can lead to various problems such as dizziness, fainting, and even damage to the cardiovascular system. By breathing out during the lifting phase, the person can release the pressure and maintain a more stable and controlled breathing pattern, reducing the risk of the Valsalva effect.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The main moving muscle is known as the
- A.
Agonist
- B.
Antagonist
- C.
Fixator
- D.
Synergist
Correct Answer
A. AgonistExplanation
The main moving muscle in a movement is referred to as the agonist. The agonist is responsible for producing the desired movement by contracting and generating force. It is the primary muscle involved in the movement and works in coordination with other muscles to execute the action. The antagonist, on the other hand, is the muscle that opposes or relaxes while the agonist contracts. The fixator muscle stabilizes the joint or body part during the movement, and the synergist assists the agonist in performing the movement. However, in this case, the correct answer is the agonist as it specifically refers to the main moving muscle.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following muscles work as a pair?
- A.
Biceps/triceps
- B.
Abdominals/Pectorals
- C.
Glutes/soleus
- D.
Trapezius/Latissimus dorsi
Correct Answer
A. Biceps/tricepsExplanation
The biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair because they have opposite functions. The biceps muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint, while the triceps muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. When one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes, allowing for smooth and coordinated movement of the arm.Rate this question:
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- 32.
What gives slow twitch muscle fibres their red colour?
- A.
Large amount of myoglobin
- B.
Large amount of de-oxygenated blood
- C.
Low amount of mitochondria
- D.
Low amount of capillaries
Correct Answer
A. Large amount of myoglobinExplanation
Slow twitch muscle fibers are characterized by their ability to sustain contractions for long periods of time, making them ideal for endurance activities. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that binds to oxygen and helps transport it to the mitochondria, where it is used for energy production. The presence of a large amount of myoglobin in slow twitch muscle fibers gives them their red color, as myoglobin is responsible for the red pigmentation. This high concentration of myoglobin allows for efficient oxygen delivery and utilization, contributing to the endurance capabilities of slow twitch muscle fibers.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following describes fast twitch muscle fibres?
- A.
White in colour
- B.
Large amount of mitochondria
- C.
Suited to endurance activities
- D.
Slow oxidative fibres
Correct Answer
A. White in colourExplanation
Fast twitch muscle fibers are actually white in color. This is because they have fewer mitochondria compared to slow twitch muscle fibers, which are red in color due to the presence of more mitochondria. Fast twitch muscle fibers are specialized for quick, explosive movements and are not well-suited for endurance activities. Slow oxidative fibers, on the other hand, are red in color and are better suited for endurance activities as they have a larger amount of mitochondria, allowing them to produce energy efficiently over longer periods of time.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following statements about type I muscle fibres is true?
- A.
Suited to endurance events
- B.
Contract rapidly
- C.
Fatigue quickly
- D.
Suited to short duration activities
Correct Answer
A. Suited to endurance eventsExplanation
Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow twitch fibers, are characterized by their ability to sustain contractions over a long period of time. These fibers are highly resistant to fatigue, making them well-suited for endurance events such as long-distance running or cycling. Unlike type II fibers, which contract rapidly and are better suited for short-duration activities, type I fibers rely on aerobic metabolism to generate energy and can maintain a steady level of activity for extended periods without tiring easily. Therefore, the statement that type I muscle fibers are suited to endurance events is true.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 06, 2018Quiz Created by
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