YMCA L3 Anatomy - Nervous System
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- 1.What is the function of the muscle spindle cells?
- A.
Respond to excessive lengthening of muscles
- B.
Detect excessive muscle tension
- C.
Detect changes in levels of chemicals
- D.
Respond to tightness in ligaments
- 2.What term means: ‘maintaining balance or returning a system to functioning within its normal range’?
- A.
Homeostasis
- B.
Osteoporosis
- C.
Proprioception
- D.
Hormones
- 3.Complete the sentence: _________ link to form a motor unit
- A.
Motor neuron and muscle fibre cell
- B.
Axon and dendrite
- C.
Muscle fibre and golgi tendon organ
- D.
Motor neuron and sensroy neuron
- 4.Speeding up the frequency of nerve impulses to motor units is a neuromuscular adaptation which leads to:
- A.
Stronger muscular contractions
- B.
Improved efficiency of proprioceptors
- C.
Improved neural connections
- D.
Development of new connections
- 5.What is a synapse?
- A.
A junction between nerve cells
- B.
A link between motor neuron and muscle fibres
- C.
A fatty sheath that covers the axon
- D.
A tree like extension that receives information
- 6.What is the function of the Golgi tendon organ?
- A.
Detect excessive muscle tension or contraction
- B.
Initiating the stretch reflex
- C.
Sends messages to the spinal cord
- D.
Monitor the degree of tension in a muscle
- 7.What structures transmit information from receptors to the central nervous system?
- A.
Afferent nerves
- B.
Efferent nerves
- C.
Sympathetic nerves
- D.
Parasympathetic nerves
- 8.As the agonist contracts, the antagonist muscle relaxes to allow movement. What is this occurrence known as?
- A.
Reciprocal inhibition
- B.
Stretch reflex
- C.
Autogenic inhibition
- D.
Homestasis
- 9.Improved neuromuscular efficiency can lead to what benefits?
- A.
Strengthening of existing connections
- B.
Decreased agility
- C.
Fewer nervous impulses
- D.
Proprioceptors remain the same
- 10.What is the role of a motor unit?
- A.
To contract a group of muscle fibres in response to a nerve impulse
- B.
To sense changes in the external environment
- C.
To detect temperature changes
- D.
Control cardiac and smooth muscles
- 11.What structure forms the junction between a neuron and a target cell?
- A.
Synapse
- B.
Proprioceptor
- C.
Axon
- D.
Dendrite
- 12.Describe the process of motor unit recruitment?
- A.
An efferent nerve impulse triggers all of the fibres in the motor unit to contract
- B.
An afferent nerve impulse triggers all of the fibres in the motor unit to contract
- C.
An efferent nerve impulse triggers one muscle fibre in the motor unit to contract
- D.
An afferent nerve impulse triggers one muscle fibre in the motor unit to contract
- 13.What is a neuromuscular adaptation associated with training?
- A.
Better inter-muscular coordination during movement
- B.
Decreased motor recruitment patterns
- C.
Lower frequency of neural connections
- D.
Common movement patterns become harder
- 14.By what transmission method does a nerve impulse cross a synapse?
- A.
Action potential
- B.
Proprioception
- C.
Stretch reflex
- D.
Motor signals
- 15.During contraction of the biceps, reciprocal inhibition causes what?
- A.
Flexion
- B.
Extension
- C.
Abduction
- D.
Adduction
- 16.Motor units that contain a small number of muscle fibres have what characteristics?
- A.
Enable very fine movements
- B.
Require larger force development
- C.
Produce more forceful contractions
- D.
Greater stimulus to be recruited
- 17.What structure insulates a neuron?
- A.
Myelin sheath
- B.
Axon terminal
- C.
Cell body
- D.
Dendrites
- 18.When a motor neuron reaches its firing threshold, every muscle cell in the motor unit it supplies will contract maximally. This is known as
- A.
'All or none' law
- B.
Action potential
- C.
Neurotransmission
- D.
Reciprocal inhibition
- 19.What is controlled by the somatic nervous system?
- A.
Skeletal muscles
- B.
Endocrine glands
- C.
Digestive system
- D.
The heart
- 20.What receptors are activated during a developmental stretch?
- A.
Muscle spindles
- B.
Golgi tendon organs
- C.
Barorecptors
- D.
Somatic spindles
- 21.What sensory organs register the position of the body?
- A.
Proprioceptors
- B.
Thermoreceptors
- C.
Chemoreceptors
- D.
Baroreceptors
- 22.What is the central nervous system made up of?
- A.
Brain and spinal cord
- B.
Sensory neurons
- C.
Motor neurons
- D.
Body organs
- 23.Interpreting and collating information and deciding on a response is the role of which nervous system?
- A.
Central
- B.
Peripheral
- C.
Automatic
- D.
Somatic
- 24.What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
- A.
Nerves
- B.
Brain and spinal cord
- C.
Organs
- D.
Body systems
- 25.Which set of nerves carry information from the CNS to the body?
- A.
Efferent
- B.
Afferent
- C.
Parasympathetic
- D.
Automatic
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