Chapter 9 Terms 3

Explanation
Lipoprotein is a compound formed by the combination of proteins and lipids. It is an essential component of the human body and plays a crucial role in transporting lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, through the bloodstream. Lipoproteins are classified based on their density, which determines their function and contribution to overall health. They are involved in various biological processes, including the regulation of lipid metabolism and the maintenance of cell structure and function. Therefore, lipoprotein is the correct answer for the given question.

Explanation
Cardioversion is a medical procedure used to correct an abnormal cardiac rhythm. It involves delivering a controlled electrical shock to the heart, either externally through paddles placed on the chest or internally through electrodes inserted into the heart. This shock helps to restore the heart's normal rhythm by interrupting the abnormal electrical signals causing the arrhythmia. Cardioversion is commonly used to treat conditions such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and certain types of ventricular arrhythmias. It is an effective intervention that can help improve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications associated with abnormal heart rhythms.

Explanation
Ablation refers to the process of removing or destroying something. It can be used in various contexts, such as medical procedures where tissue or cells are removed, or in environmental science where the melting of ice or erosion of land is referred to as ablation. The term "ablation" implies a deliberate or natural process of elimination or reduction, making it an appropriate answer for the given question.

Explanation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the correct answer because it involves the restoration of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation after cardiac arrest. CPR combines artificial respiration, which helps to maintain oxygen supply to the lungs, and chest compressions, which help to restore blood circulation to the body's vital organs. This technique is crucial in saving lives during emergencies when the heart stops beating or when breathing ceases. By performing CPR, the goal is to provide temporary support to the heart and lungs until advanced medical help arrives.

Explanation
Echocardiography is a noninvasive method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures. This technique involves sending high-frequency sound waves into the body and recording the echoes that bounce back from the heart. By analyzing these echoes, a detailed image of the heart's structures, such as the chambers, valves, and blood flow patterns, can be obtained. Echocardiography is widely used in diagnosing and monitoring various heart conditions, providing valuable information about the heart's size, function, and overall health.

Explanation
A stent is a small metal device that is inserted into an artery to keep it open after a balloon angioplasty procedure. This device, which is typically in the shape of a coil or slotted tube, helps to prevent the artery from narrowing or collapsing again, ensuring that blood flow is maintained. Stents are commonly used in the treatment of coronary artery disease and other conditions that involve blocked or narrowed arteries.

Explanation
Troponin is a protein found in muscle cells that plays a crucial role in regulating muscle contraction. It is composed of three subunits: troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T. Troponin C binds to calcium ions, which triggers a series of events leading to muscle contraction. Troponin I inhibits the interaction between actin and myosin, preventing muscle contraction when calcium levels are low. Troponin T anchors the troponin complex to the tropomyosin filament. Overall, troponin is essential for the regulation and control of muscle contraction.

Explanation
An artificial pacemaker is a battery-operated device that generates electrical impulses to regulate the heartbeat. It is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms by sending electrical signals to the heart muscles, helping to maintain a regular and steady heartbeat. This device is often implanted under the skin and connected to the heart through wires, allowing it to monitor and control the heart's electrical activity. By doing so, an artificial pacemaker helps ensure that the heart beats at a proper rate, improving the overall functioning of the heart and maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.

Explanation
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure performed to bypass a blocked coronary artery. During the procedure, a shunt is created to reroute blood flow around the blocked artery, allowing oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle. This helps to restore normal blood flow and relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. CABG is commonly used to treat severe coronary artery blockages that cannot be effectively managed with medication or less invasive procedures.

Explanation
Defibrillation is the use of an electronic device to deliver a brief electric shock to the heart in order to stop fibrillation. Fibrillation is a life-threatening condition where the heart's electrical signals become chaotic, causing the heart to quiver instead of pumping blood effectively. By delivering an electric shock, defibrillation helps restore the heart's normal rhythm and allows it to resume its pumping function. This procedure is commonly used in emergency situations such as cardiac arrests to save lives and prevent further complications.

Explanation
Angioplasty is a medical procedure that is used to reopen a narrowed blood vessel and restore blood flow. It involves the use of a balloon-like device that is inserted into the affected vessel and inflated, thereby widening the vessel and improving blood flow. This procedure is commonly used to treat conditions such as coronary artery disease, where blockages in the arteries can restrict blood flow to the heart. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that can be an effective alternative to surgery in many cases.

Explanation
A coronary calcium scan is a method used to visualize vessel-narrowing calcium deposits in coronary arteries. This scan involves the use of a specialized X-ray machine that takes detailed images of the coronary arteries. Calcium deposits in the arteries can indicate the presence of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries and narrows them. By visualizing these calcium deposits, the scan can help identify individuals at risk for heart disease and assess the severity of their condition.

Explanation
CT angiography is a medical imaging technique that uses computed tomography (CT) to visualize blood vessels in the heart and other organs. It involves injecting a small amount of dye into the arm to enhance the visibility of the blood vessels. The CT scanner then captures detailed images of the blood vessels, allowing doctors to assess their condition and detect any abnormalities or blockages. CT angiography is a non-invasive and relatively safe procedure that provides valuable information about the blood flow and structure of the vessels.

Explanation
Following a myocardial infarction, there is damage to the heart muscle cells. Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) is an enzyme that is released in increased amounts from cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack. It is specific to the heart and its levels in the blood can be used as a marker to diagnose and monitor myocardial infarction. Therefore, CK-MB is the correct answer as it is released in increased amounts from cardiac muscle cells following a heart attack.

Explanation
Coronary angiography is a radiographic study of the coronary arteries. It involves the introduction of an opaque dye into the blood vessels through a catheter threaded into the heart. This procedure allows for the visualization and evaluation of the coronary arteries, helping to identify any blockages or abnormalities. It is commonly used to diagnose and assess the severity of coronary artery disease, as well as to guide treatment decisions such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.

Explanation
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty is a medical procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the heart. It involves inserting a balloon catheter into the affected blood vessel and inflating it to widen the vessel and flatten any plaque against the arterial wall. This helps to improve blood flow to the heart muscle and relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease.