AP Human Geography Chapter 11 Deblij Test

Primogeniture refers to a system where the oldest son, or sometimes daughter, inherits the family land after the father's death. This system is commonly practiced in agricultural societies and is a way to ensure the continuity of the family's land and wealth within the same lineage. It is based on the belief that the oldest child is the most capable and responsible for carrying on the family legacy.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) refers to crops that have been altered using advanced genetic engineering techniques. These techniques allow scientists to introduce specific traits into the crops, such as resistance to pests or herbicides. GMOs are a result of manipulating the genetic material of the crops to enhance certain desirable characteristics. This technology has been widely used in agriculture to increase crop yields and improve crop quality. Therefore, the answer "Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)" is the most relevant option among the given choices.

The given correct answer, slash and burn agriculture, refers to the practice of cutting down vegetation in a forested area and then burning it to clear the land for cultivation. This method is commonly used in tropical forest clearings as it helps replenish the soil with nutrients from the burned foliage. Slash and burn agriculture is a traditional form of subsistence agriculture, where crops are grown primarily for the farmer's own consumption rather than for commercial purposes. It is often practiced by indigenous communities in tropical regions to sustain their livelihoods.

Livestock ranching refers to the practice of raising domesticated animals for various purposes such as meat, leather, wool, etc. This involves managing large areas of land where animals can graze and ensuring their well-being. Livestock ranching is different from other options mentioned, such as climatic regions, luxury crops, and root crops, as it specifically focuses on the rearing of animals rather than the cultivation of crops or the consideration of specific climate conditions.

The Von Thunen Model is a theoretical model that explains the location of agricultural activities based on minimizing transportation costs. According to this model, agricultural activities are organized in rings around the market, with the most perishable and high-value crops located closer to the market, and less perishable and low-value crops located farther away. This model takes into account the cost of transportation, as it suggests that farmers will choose to grow crops that can be transported more easily and at a lower cost to the market. Therefore, the Von Thunen Model is the correct answer in this context.

The term "agriculture" refers to the practice of raising crops and livestock for the purpose of producing food and fiber. It involves various activities such as cultivating land, planting seeds, tending to crops, and raising animals. Agriculture is a vital industry that provides sustenance for human populations and is essential for economic development. It encompasses a wide range of practices, including traditional farming methods as well as modern techniques and technologies.

Root crops are crops that are reproduced by using roots or cuttings. This means that instead of planting seeds, these crops are grown by planting a part of the plant's root or cutting. Examples of root crops include potatoes, carrots, beets, and radishes. These crops are typically grown for their edible roots, tubers, or bulbs. Root crops are important in agriculture as they provide a valuable source of food and nutrients. They are also known for their ability to store well, making them a reliable food source in many regions.

Agribusiness is the correct answer because it refers to the general term for businesses that provide the goods and services necessary to support the agriculture industry. This includes activities such as farming, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products. Agribusiness encompasses a wide range of sectors and industries that contribute to the overall functioning and growth of the agriculture sector.

Seed crops are the correct answer because they are crops that are reproduced by cultivating the seeds. This means that the plants are grown specifically for the purpose of harvesting their seeds, which can then be used for planting in future seasons. Seed crops are important for maintaining and improving crop varieties, as well as for ensuring a stable food supply. Other options like agriculture, luxury crops, and root crops may also involve cultivation, but they do not specifically refer to crops that are reproduced through seeds.

Shifting cultivation refers to the practice of cultivating crops in tropical forest clearings that are relocated from year to year. This method involves clearing a small area of forest, burning the vegetation, and using the ash as fertilizer. The crops are then planted in the cleared area, and after a few years, the fertility of the soil decreases, prompting the farmers to move to a new area. This process allows the cleared areas to regenerate and restores the fertility of the soil over time. Shifting cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice that has been used by indigenous communities for centuries.

Luxury crops refer to non-subsistence crops that are grown for their high market value and demand, often consumed by wealthier populations. Examples of luxury crops include tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco. These crops are not essential for survival but are cultivated for their economic value and the luxury they provide. They are typically grown in large-scale plantations and play a significant role in the agribusiness industry, contributing to global trade and generating substantial profits.

Secondary economic activity refers to the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods. This involves the manufacturing and construction industries, where raw materials are processed and transformed into products. This is different from primary economic activity, which involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, and tertiary economic activity, which involves the provision of services. Quinary economic activity refers to high-level decision-making and research activities. Therefore, the correct answer is secondary economic activity because it involves the manufacturing process.

Subsistence agriculture refers to a small-scale and low-tech farming system that focuses on producing enough food for the local community's consumption. It is commonly practiced in tropical regions where farmers rely on traditional methods and tools to grow crops and raise livestock. Unlike commercial agriculture, subsistence agriculture does not prioritize profit or large-scale production for trade. Instead, it aims to meet the immediate needs of the farmers and their families. This type of agriculture is often characterized by the use of traditional farming techniques, limited use of modern technology, and a strong connection to the local community.

Monoculture refers to the practice of growing only one type of crop in a specific area. This can lead to a dependence on a single agricultural commodity, such as coffee or bananas, as mentioned in the question. By relying solely on one crop, farmers become vulnerable to risks such as pests, diseases, and market fluctuations. Monoculture also depletes the soil of nutrients, leading to decreased productivity over time. Therefore, the answer "monoculture" is the most suitable choice to explain the given statement.

Plantation agriculture is the correct answer because it refers to large estates owned by individuals, families, or corporations that are organized to produce cash crops. These estates were typically established in the tropics by European colonialists. Plantation agriculture involves the cultivation of crops such as coffee, tea, sugar, and cotton on a large scale for commercial purposes. This type of agriculture often relies on a system of labor-intensive production, with workers typically being brought in from other regions or even other countries to work on the plantations.

The metes and bounds system is a land division system that relies on describing land ownership and natural features. This system is commonly used in areas east of the Appalachian Mountains. In this system, land boundaries are defined by using distances and directions, often starting from a specific point. The metes and bounds system allows for more flexibility in determining land boundaries, as it takes into account the natural features of the land. This system is different from the other options listed, such as the longlot survey system, rectangular survey system, and township and range system, which use different methods to divide and describe land.

The correct answer is the township and range system. This system, created by Thomas Jefferson, was used to evenly distribute settlers across the farmland of the U.S. interior. It divided the land into 6 square mile townships and 1 mile square sections, allowing for organized and systematic land division. This system played a crucial role in the settlement and development of the United States.

The given answer, quaternary economic activity, refers to a subcategory of the tertiary economic sector that involves the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. This includes activities such as finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. Quaternary economic activity is characterized by its focus on knowledge-based services and intellectual labor, rather than the production of goods or the provision of basic services.

The correct answer is quinary economic activity. Quinary economic activity refers to the highest level of economic activities that involve decision-making and high-level management roles in industries such as government, education, healthcare, and research. It involves activities that are focused on the creation and dissemination of knowledge, innovation, and advanced services. This category includes activities that require a high level of expertise, specialization, and advanced skills, and it plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and development.