Aphg Test Trivia Quiz

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1/45 Questions

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the
- Central business district.
- Central commerce zone.
- Urbanized downtown area.
- Metropolitan statistical area.
- Hub.

About This Quiz

The APHG Test trivia quiz assesses knowledge of urban structures and economic activities within city centers. It focuses on the dynamics of central business districts, including land use, economic functions, and spatial interactions, essential for students of urban geography.

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2.

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have
- No threshold.
- No range.
- Services for office workers.
- A need for rapid transportation.
- A need for large amounts of horizontal space.
Correct Answer

A. Services for office workers.

Explanation

Retail activities that tend to concentrate in the Central Business District (CBD) are those that cater to the needs of office workers. This is because the CBD is typically the hub of commercial activity and is populated by a large number of office buildings. Services such as cafes, restaurants, convenience stores, and dry cleaners are in high demand in this area as they cater to the needs of office workers during their lunch breaks or after work. These services are essential for the convenience and well-being of the office workers in the CBD.

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3.

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because
- They hope to lower real estate prices and tax revenues in their downtown areas.
- Of their low ranges and thresholds.
- They hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels.
- They have a need for the kind of rapid transportation that is only available in the CBD.
- The CBD offers large amounts of horizontal space.
Correct Answer

A. They hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels.

Explanation

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels. By hosting events and attracting visitors to these venues, cities can increase foot traffic and spending in the CBD, benefiting local businesses. This can lead to economic growth and revitalization in the downtown area.

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4.

Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials in CBDs still exchange information with colleagues primarily through
- Face-to-face contact.
- High-cost influence peddling.
- Interstate highway systems.
- The Internet.
- Television and radio broadcasts.
Correct Answer

A. Face-to-face contact.

Explanation

In CBDs (Central Business Districts), despite the availability of modern telecommunications, professionals such as lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials still prefer to exchange information with their colleagues through face-to-face contact. This suggests that they value the personal interaction and direct communication that comes with meeting in person. This may be because face-to-face contact allows for better understanding, immediate feedback, and the building of relationships, which are important in these fields. The other options, such as high-cost influence peddling, interstate highway systems, the Internet, and television and radio broadcasts, do not capture the direct and personal nature of face-to-face contact.

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5.

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of
- Competition for limited space.
- High threshold and range.
- Less intensive land use.
- The lack of skyscrapers.
- The lack of residential space.
Correct Answer

A. Competition for limited space.

Explanation

The correct answer is competition for limited space. In the Central Business District (CBD), there is a high demand for land due to the concentration of businesses, offices, and commercial activities. The limited availability of space in the CBD leads to intense competition among businesses and organizations to secure a prime location. As a result, the demand for land drives up its value, making land prices high in the CBD.

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6.

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by
- Less intensive land use.
- The construction of skyscrapers.
- Suburban sprawl.
- A high threshold and range.
- The reuse of existing buildings.
Correct Answer

A. The construction of skyscrapers.

Explanation

The American CBD is characterized by the construction of skyscrapers due to high land costs. Skyscrapers allow for vertical development, maximizing the use of limited land space. By building upwards, cities can accommodate more businesses and residents without spreading out horizontally. This helps to optimize land use and make the most of expensive urban real estate. Additionally, skyscrapers often serve as iconic landmarks and symbols of economic prosperity in city centers.

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7.

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is
- Public administration.
- Industrial.
- Office.
- Retail.
- Legal.
Correct Answer

A. Industrial.

Explanation

In North American CBDs, the focus is primarily on commercial activities such as office spaces and retail establishments. Public administration, which includes government buildings and services, is usually located in separate areas designated for administrative purposes. While legal services may be present in CBDs, they are not a land use that is typically excluded. However, industrial activities, involving manufacturing and heavy machinery, are usually excluded from CBDs to maintain a more business-oriented and commercial environment.

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8.

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain
- Retail and office activities.
- Extensive residential areas.
- Large numbers of skyscrapers.
- Structures inherited from medieval times.
- Ancient Roman structures.
Correct Answer

A. Retail and office activities.

Explanation

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain retail and office activities. CBDs, or central business districts, are the commercial and economic centers of cities. They typically have a concentration of retail stores, offices, and other business establishments. This similarity between European and North American CBDs suggests that these areas in both regions serve similar functions and play a crucial role in the economic development and growth of their respective cities.

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9.

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?
- Legal offices and parking lots
- Skyscrapers, suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots, and restaurants
- Agricultural land
- Suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots, and transportation hubs
- Warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing
Correct Answer

A. Warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing

Explanation

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing. This is because the zone in transition refers to the area between the central business district and the suburbs, where there is a mix of industrial and residential land uses. Warehouses and industries are often located in this zone due to its proximity to transportation hubs and cheaper land costs. Additionally, poorer-quality housing may be found in this area as it is often more affordable for lower-income residents.

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10.

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of
- Corridors.
- Nodes.
- Rings.
- Sectors.
- Quadrants.
Correct Answer

A. Rings.

Explanation

The concentric zone model suggests that a city develops in a series of rings. This means that the city expands outward from a central area, with each ring representing a different type of land use or level of development. The innermost ring typically contains the central business district, while the outer rings consist of residential areas. This model helps explain patterns of urban growth and development in many cities around the world.

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11.

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in
- A corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.
- An outer ring surrounding the city.
- Nodes near universities and parks.
- Renovated inner-city neighborhoods.
- Gated communities.
Correct Answer

A. A corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.

Explanation

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city. This means that the most desirable and high-quality housing options are found in a specific area that stretches from the city center to the outskirts of the city. This corridor is likely to have good accessibility to amenities, transportation, and employment opportunities, making it an attractive location for residents.

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12.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby
- Hotels and warehouses.
- Residences and highways.
- Retail and wholesale shops.
- Universities and colleges.
- Hospitals and clinics.
Correct Answer

A. Hotels and warehouses.

Explanation

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby hotels and warehouses. This is because airports are major transportation hubs, and hotels are needed to accommodate travelers, while warehouses are needed to store and distribute goods that are transported through the airport. The presence of an airport can also lead to the development of other related businesses and services in the surrounding area.

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13.

Social area analysis attempts to explain
- The changing location of retail and office activities in North American cities.
- The development of squatter settlements in developing countries.
- The distribution of different types of people in an urban area.
- Which of the three models of urban structure is the most accurate in the United States.
- Regions ideal for social services.
Correct Answer

A. The changing location of retail and office activities in North American cities.

Explanation

Social area analysis is a research approach that focuses on understanding the spatial patterns and distribution of social phenomena within urban areas. It examines how various factors, such as demographics, socioeconomic status, and cultural characteristics, influence the location of different activities in cities. The correct answer states that social area analysis attempts to explain the changing location of retail and office activities in North American cities, which aligns with the purpose of this research approach. It aims to understand why certain areas attract retail and office activities, how these locations change over time, and the social implications of these spatial patterns.

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14.

The multiple nuclei theory
- Involves four linked CBDs.
- Includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park.
- Includes a nucleus in the CBD which is connected to a nucleus in the suburbs.
- Links a seaport, an airport, and a railway station.
- Disregards the use of nodes.
Correct Answer

A. Includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park.

Explanation

The correct answer is "includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park." The multiple nuclei theory suggests that cities have multiple centers of activity, each with its own nucleus. These nuclei can include various nodes such as ports, universities, airports, and parks. This theory recognizes that cities are not solely centered around a single central business district (CBD), but rather have multiple centers of economic and social activity.

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15.

A recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient has been
- The elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center.
- An increase in the extremes between the inner and outer areas.
- An increase in the number of people living in the center.
- A reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.
- An increase in the differences in densities found within an urban area.
Correct Answer

A. A reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.

Explanation

The correct answer is a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area. This means that previously, there were significant variations in population density between the inner and outer areas of urban areas in the U.S. However, this has changed recently, and the differences in densities have become smaller. This could be due to various factors such as urban revitalization efforts, changes in housing patterns, or shifts in population distribution.

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16.

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?
- Central business district
- Central city
- Urbanized area
- Metropolitan statistical area
- Regional government federation
Correct Answer

A. Metropolitan statistical area

Explanation

A metropolitan statistical area covers the largest land area among the given definitions of a city in the United States. A metropolitan statistical area includes not only the central city but also the surrounding areas that are economically and socially connected to it. It encompasses both urban and rural areas, making it the broadest definition in terms of land area.

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17.

According to the sector model, if family X has an income of $100,000 and family Y has an income of $40,000 but family Z has an income of $115,000
- Families Y and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.
- Families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.
- Families X and Y are likely to live in the same sector of the city.
- Families X, Y, and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.
- None of these families are likely to live in the same sector of the city.
Correct Answer

A. Families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.

Explanation

According to the sector model, families with similar income levels tend to live in the same sector of the city. Family X has an income of $100,000 and family Z has an income of $115,000, which indicates that they are likely to belong to the same income bracket and therefore live in the same sector of the city. Family Y, on the other hand, has a lower income of $40,000, suggesting that they may belong to a different income bracket and thus live in a different sector of the city. Therefore, the correct answer is that families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.

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18.

Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as
- Squatter settlements.
- Council estates.
- Public housing.
- The zone in transition.
- Suburbs.
Correct Answer

A. Squatter settlements.

Explanation

The correct answer is squatter settlements. Squatter settlements refer to areas where the poor in less developed countries live, typically on the outskirts of cities. These settlements are characterized by informal and makeshift housing, often lacking basic amenities and infrastructure. Council estates, public housing, and suburbs are different types of residential areas, but they do not specifically refer to the living conditions of the poor in less developed countries. The zone in transition refers to an area undergoing urbanization and change.

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19.

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as
- Barriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs.
- Young city and old city zones.
- Public housing, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs.
- The zone in transition, suburbs, or public zone.
- Suburbs, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs.
Correct Answer

A. Barriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs.

Explanation

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as barriadas, favelas, bidonvilles, or kampongs. These terms refer to informal settlements or slums that are characterized by inadequate housing, lack of access to basic services, and high levels of poverty. These areas often develop as a result of rapid urbanization and rural-urban migration, where people settle in makeshift dwellings due to limited affordable housing options. The use of different terms reflects the cultural and regional variations in naming these informal settlements.

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20.

After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have
- Neighborhoods built around central, smaller plazas with parish churches and older quarters with narrow, winding streets and cramped residences.
- Gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than are in the centers of most European cities.
- Winding street plans centered on a church and plaza, garden lawns around houses, and wider streets than the centers of most European cities.
- Gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and narrower, more winding streets than are in the centers of most European cities.
- A gridiron street plan, a cathedral, and at least 20 parish churches for each city.
Correct Answer

A. Gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than are in the centers of most European cities.

Explanation

Most Spanish colonial cities after 1573 were designed with gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza. The houses were surrounded by walls, and the streets were wider compared to the centers of most European cities. This design allowed for organized and spacious neighborhoods, with the church and plaza serving as central focal points. The walls around houses provided security and privacy, while the wider streets allowed for easier movement and transportation within the city. This design was a departure from the older quarters with narrow, winding streets and cramped residences that were common in Spanish colonial cities before 1573.

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21.

Sprawl is the
- Change in density within an urban area from the periphery to the center.
- Development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.
- Land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area.
- Period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.
- Increasing population density in rings two and three of the concentric zone model.
Correct Answer

A. Development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

Explanation

Sprawl refers to the development of new housing sites that are not connected or adjacent to the existing built-up area. This means that new housing developments are being constructed in locations that are separate from the already established urban areas. This can lead to an expansion of the city's footprint and can have negative impacts on the environment, transportation systems, and community cohesion.

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22.

British cities are surrounded by open space known as
- Greenbelts.
- Public housing.
- Sprawl.
- Squatter settlements.
- Suburbs.
Correct Answer

A. Greenbelts.

Explanation

Greenbelts are areas of open space that surround British cities. They are intended to prevent urban sprawl and maintain the separation between urban and rural areas. Greenbelts provide numerous benefits such as protecting natural habitats, promoting biodiversity, and providing recreational opportunities for residents. They also help to control urban growth and preserve the character and identity of cities. Public housing, sprawl, squatter settlements, and suburbs are not accurate descriptions of the open spaces surrounding British cities.

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23.

The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically,
- Low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there.
- Low-income people and minorities are able to live in some areas because of the low cost of the housing, the friendliness of established residents, and the myth that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there.
- Legal devices, such as requiring several small houses to sit on a large lot of land amid several different apartments, prevented low-income families from living in many suburbs.
- Low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the private schools there, the unfriendliness of African American and Hispanic minorities there, and the fear that property values would not change if other minorities were allowed to buy property there.
- They encouraged the buying and selling of too many automobiles.
Correct Answer

A. Low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there.

Explanation

The correct answer states that low-income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas due to the high cost of housing, the unfriendliness or discrimination of established residents, and fears that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there. This criticism suggests that these factors create barriers for low-income individuals and minorities, preventing them from accessing certain suburbs and perpetuating inequality in housing opportunities.

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24.

People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by
- Heavy traffic
- Lower opportunity for home ownership
- Private land surrounding the house
- Row houses and apartments
- Closer proximity to cultural institutions
Correct Answer

A. Private land surrounding the house

Explanation

One of the reasons why people in the United States are attracted to suburbs is because suburbs are characterized by private land surrounding the house. This means that individuals living in suburbs have their own personal space and a larger property compared to living in urban areas where housing is usually more compact and crowded. Having private land surrounding the house also provides a sense of privacy and allows for activities such as gardening or outdoor recreation.

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25.

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of
- Access to main highways.
- Adequate space to build vertical structures.
- Availability of large tracts of high-priced land.
- Good rail connections.
- Access to cheap labor
Correct Answer

A. Access to main highways.

Explanation

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of their access to main highways. This is because main highways provide convenient transportation routes for the transportation of goods and materials. It allows for easy access to suppliers and customers, reducing transportation costs and improving efficiency. Additionally, main highways enable factories to quickly and easily connect to major cities and markets, expanding their reach and potential customer base. Overall, access to main highways is crucial for factories to ensure smooth transportation and logistical operations.

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26.

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
- Clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
- Dispersed throughout the city.
- Clustered in suburbs.
- Distributed uniformly in the city.
- Living along major boulevards.
Correct Answer

A. Clustered in suburbs.

Explanation

Poor families in European cities are more likely to be clustered in suburbs compared to the United States. This means that a higher concentration of poor families can be found in suburban areas in European cities. This could be due to various factors such as housing affordability, availability of social services, and transportation options. Suburban areas may offer more affordable housing options for low-income families, while also providing access to necessary amenities and services.

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27.

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through
- Blockbusting.
- Redlining.
- Zoning.
- Greenbelts.
- Busing.
Correct Answer

A. Zoning.

Explanation

Zoning is a legal form of segregation in U.S. cities as it involves dividing areas into different zones or districts based on specific criteria such as land use, building codes, and population density. This allows local governments to control and regulate the use of land and determine where certain activities, such as residential, commercial, or industrial, can take place. Zoning can be used to separate different racial or socioeconomic groups by designating certain areas for specific types of housing or businesses, effectively creating segregation within a city.

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28.

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by
- Building interstate highways.
- Charging high gasoline taxes.
- Constructing new subways.
- Protecting prime agricultural land.
- Tax credits for automobile owners.
Correct Answer

A. Building interstate highways.

Explanation

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars by building interstate highways. This infrastructure development project has made it easier for people to travel long distances by car, promoting the use of automobiles as a preferred mode of transportation. The construction of interstate highways has provided convenient and efficient road networks, leading to increased car ownership and usage.

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29.

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more
- Energy efficiency.
- Flexibility.
- Pollution.
- Privacy.
- Range.
Correct Answer

A. Energy efficiency.

Explanation

Public transportation offers more energy efficiency compared to private automobiles. This is because public transportation, such as buses and trains, can transport a larger number of people at once, reducing the number of individual vehicles on the road. This leads to less fuel consumption and lower emissions per person, making it a more environmentally friendly option. Additionally, public transportation systems are often designed to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce energy waste, further contributing to their higher energy efficiency compared to private automobiles.

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30.

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to
- The use of hybrid gasolines.
- The generation of electricity from rooftop solar panels and wind turbines affixed to the sides and undercarriage of the car.
- The use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.
- The use of a gasoline engine at low speeds, whereas at high speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.
- The use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, and at low speeds, when the gas engine is at its most efficient, an electric motor takes over. Energy that would otherwise be gained while coasting and braking is lost as electricity and heat when it would otherwise be needed.
Correct Answer

A. The use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.

Explanation

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over. This allows the car to optimize its energy usage based on the driving conditions. Additionally, the hybrid car captures and stores energy that would have otherwise been lost as heat while coasting and braking, further improving its efficiency. By combining these two factors, the hybrid car is able to maximize its fuel economy and reduce emissions.

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31.

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because
- Europeans can't afford cars.
- European governments subsidize public transit.
- Density is lower in the United States than in Europe.
- The typical European central city contains fewer high-rises.
- Suburbs are built at subway terminals.
Correct Answer

A. European governments subsidize public transit.

Explanation

The correct answer is European governments subsidize public transit. This is because European governments provide financial support to public transportation systems, making them more extensive and accessible. This allows for a larger network of trains, buses, and trams in Western European cities compared to the United States. The subsidies help lower the cost of fares, making public transit a more affordable option for residents. Additionally, these subsidies contribute to the overall sustainability and efficiency of public transportation in Europe.

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32.

During the process of ________, the owner may abandon the property because the rents that can be collected are less than the costs involved in upkeep.
- Blockbusting
- Filtering
- Gentrification
- Redlining
- Urban blight
Correct Answer

A. Filtering

Explanation

Filtering refers to the process where a property gradually deteriorates over time and becomes less desirable due to lack of maintenance and investment. In this situation, the owner may choose to abandon the property because the potential rental income is insufficient to cover the expenses involved in maintaining and managing the property. As a result, the property falls into disrepair, contributing to urban blight and a decline in the overall quality of the neighborhood.

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33.

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is
- Blockbusting.
- Filtering.
- Gentrification.
- Redlining.
- Zoning.
Correct Answer

A. Redlining.

Explanation

Redlining is the correct answer because it refers to the practice of banks refusing to lend money or provide financial services to certain neighborhoods or areas, usually based on racial or ethnic demographics. This discriminatory practice was prevalent in the United States during the mid-20th century and contributed to the segregation and disinvestment in predominantly minority communities. The term "redlining" originated from the practice of drawing red lines on maps to demarcate areas where banks would not provide loans.

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34.

Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off ________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 square kilometers (139 square miles).
- Advertising revenue
- The rap video industry
- Corporate investment
- Entire neighborhoods
- The entire CBD
Correct Answer

A. Entire neighborhoods

Explanation

Detroit is facing financial constraints and is unable to cover the costs of essential services such as street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire city. As a result, they are considering shutting down and closing off entire neighborhoods in order to concentrate their limited resources on providing these services to a smaller area. This approach would allow the city to allocate its funds more effectively and ensure that the remaining neighborhoods receive the necessary support and infrastructure.

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35.

Public housing is
- A conversion of low-income housing to middle-class housing.
- Illegally established low-income housing.
- Housing that has changed from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
- Low-income government-owned housing.
- Buildings housing public services, such as government agencies.
Correct Answer

A. Low-income government-owned housing.

Explanation

The correct answer is "low-income government-owned housing." This is because public housing refers to housing that is owned and managed by the government and is specifically intended for low-income individuals or families. It is designed to provide affordable housing options for those who cannot afford market-rate housing. Public housing is typically subsidized by the government to keep the rent affordable for low-income residents.

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36.

Gentrification
- Is the process by which lower-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing.
- Allows lower income families to remain in their homes through public subsidies.
- Is the process by which upper-class people move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing so that lower-income people can move in.
- Is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.
- Has almost no influence on housing prices and taxes
Correct Answer

A. Is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

Explanation

Gentrification refers to the process where middle-class individuals move into decaying inner-city neighborhoods and restore or renovate the housing. This influx of middle-class residents often leads to an increase in property values, improvements in infrastructure, and changes in the overall character of the neighborhood. It can also result in the displacement of lower-income residents as housing prices rise. Therefore, the correct answer is that gentrification is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

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37.

Megalopolis refers to
- Adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
- Central cities.
- Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas and their CBDs.
- Central cities plus urbanized areas.
- Regional government federation.
Correct Answer

A. Adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Explanation

Megalopolis refers to adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas. This term is used to describe a region that consists of multiple metropolitan areas that have grown and merged together over time. These areas are typically located close to each other and share common economic, social, and cultural characteristics. The concept of a megalopolis highlights the interconnectedness and interdependence of these adjacent metropolitan areas.

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38.

In U.S. cities, the underclass is largely
- Clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.
- Dispersed throughout the city.
- Clustered in suburbs.
- Distributed even between the suburbs and the city.
- Distributed across the commuter zone.
Correct Answer

A. Clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

Explanation

The correct answer is clustered in inner-city neighborhoods. This means that in U.S. cities, the underclass is primarily concentrated in specific areas within the city, rather than being spread out evenly throughout the city or its suburbs. This concentration in inner-city neighborhoods suggests that there may be various social and economic factors at play, such as limited access to resources and opportunities, which contribute to the clustering of the underclass in these areas.

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39.

The U.S. government estimated in 2011 that the number of homeless people on any given night was about
- 636,000.
- 836,000.
- 216,000.
- 10,116,000.
- 2,436,000.
Correct Answer

A. 636,000.

Explanation

The correct answer is 636,000. This is the number estimated by the U.S. government in 2011 for the number of homeless people on any given night.

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40.

About ________ of the homeless people in the United States are single men, and the remainder are women and children.
- Two-fifths
- Nine-tenths
- One-tenth
- Three-fourths
- Half
Correct Answer

A. Two-fifths

Explanation

Approximately 40% of the homeless people in the United States are single men, while the remaining 60% are women and children. This means that two-fifths of the homeless population consists of single men, while the other three-fifths are made up of women and children.

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41.

U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems because
- Federal and state funds are available.
- Low-income people are concentrated there.
- Middle-class families are attracted there.
- Redlining is no longer legal.
- Blockbusting has strengthened ethnic neighborhoods.
Correct Answer

A. Low-income people are concentrated there.

Explanation

The correct answer is low-income people are concentrated there. This is because low-income individuals often face economic hardships and are more likely to live in inner cities where housing and living costs may be more affordable. This concentration of low-income individuals can lead to fiscal problems in the inner cities as the local government may struggle to provide adequate services and infrastructure with limited tax revenue. Additionally, the lack of economic opportunities in these areas can further perpetuate the cycle of poverty, exacerbating the fiscal challenges faced by the inner cities.

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42.

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of
- Blockbusting.
- Commuting.
- Threshold.
- Skyscrapers.
- Restrictive zoning.
Correct Answer

A. Commuting.

Explanation

The correct answer is commuting. This is because the question mentions that very few people live in the CBD (Central Business District), which implies that most people who work in the CBD have to travel from other areas to reach their workplace. This travel from home to work and vice versa is known as commuting.

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43.

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is
- Annexation.
- Accreditation.
- An application of eminent domain.
- Defined by urbanized area.
- Zoning.
Correct Answer

A. Annexation.

Explanation

Annexation refers to the process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States. This typically involves the incorporation of adjacent, unincorporated areas into the city's jurisdiction. It allows the city to expand its boundaries and incorporate new territories, thereby increasing its population, tax base, and resources. Annexation is a common practice for cities looking to grow and expand their influence and control over neighboring areas.

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44.

The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following?
- Frequent concerts and exhibitions
- Generous parking lots
- Place to meet friends
- Sheltered environments
- Walking distance from homes
Correct Answer

A. Walking distance from homes

Explanation

The correct answer is "walking distance from homes". This is because shopping malls are typically not located within walking distance from homes. They are often situated in commercial areas or on the outskirts of towns, requiring people to drive or take public transportation to reach them. The other options mentioned, such as frequent concerts and exhibitions, generous parking lots, a place to meet friends, and sheltered environments, are all common attractions of shopping malls.

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45.

One should be careful when attempting to apply the three models of urban structure outside of the United States because those in other countries may have different reasons for selecting neighborhoods.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the three models of urban structure, which are typically used to understand neighborhood selection in the United States, may not be applicable or relevant in other countries. Different countries may have unique social, cultural, and economic factors that influence neighborhood selection. Therefore, it is important to exercise caution when trying to apply these models outside of the United States as the reasons for selecting neighborhoods may vary significantly.

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