PTEC 131 - Exam 4 And 5 - Spr 14

Density is the correct answer because it refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance. It is a physical property that is often used to identify and classify materials. Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. It is commonly measured in units such as grams per cubic centimeter or kilograms per liter. The density of a substance can provide information about its composition, purity, and even its behavior in certain conditions.

Mass flow units refer to the measure of how much actual mass passes a certain location per unit of time. This is different from volumetric flow units, which measure the volume of fluid passing through a location per unit of time. Flow rate is a general term that can refer to either volumetric or mass flow, depending on the context. Percent flow rate is not a valid term and does not accurately describe the measure of mass passing through a location per unit of time.

The term "depth" refers to the distance from the surface of a liquid that extends downward. It is a measure of how deep or far down something is submerged in the liquid. In this context, depth is the correct answer as it accurately describes the distance from the liquid's surface.

Liquid head pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a column of liquid due to its height. The higher the height of the liquid column, the greater the pressure it exerts. This pressure is caused by the weight of the liquid pushing down on the lower levels. Liquid head pressure is commonly used in various applications, such as in measuring fluid levels in tanks or in determining the pressure required for liquid flow in pipes.

A nuclear device is used in this scenario because it utilizes a tightly controlled gamma radiation source and a detector to infer the level in a tank. This technology is employed when other measurement technologies are unsuccessful in accurately determining the level.

A reflex or clear glass tube open into a vessel on top and bottom is a description of a tubular sight glass. This type of sight glass is commonly used in industrial applications to visually monitor the level of liquid inside a tank or vessel. The glass tube is transparent or has a reflex coating that allows for easy observation of the liquid level. The open ends of the tube are connected to the vessel, allowing the liquid to flow into the tube and provide a visual indication of the level.

Percent Level Measurement is a type of level measurement that is based on a percentage scale. It is used to measure the level of a substance in a container or tank, with zero percent level at the bottom of the measuring device and 100 percent level at the top. This type of measurement is commonly used in various industries to monitor and control the level of liquids or solids in tanks or vessels. It provides a simple and easy-to-understand measurement scale that allows operators to quickly determine the level of the substance.

The correct answer is 91% flow rate. In this question, we are asked to convert a given differential pressure (83%) into a flow rate percentage. The correct conversion from differential pressure to flow rate is not explicitly mentioned in the question, but typically, a higher differential pressure corresponds to a higher flow rate. Therefore, the highest flow rate option provided (91%) is the most likely correct answer.

The correct answer is 96% flow rate because the question asks to convert a 92% differential pressure into a % flow rate. Since the given options are all % flow rates, we need to choose the option that is closest to 92%. Among the given options, 96% is the closest to 92%.

An orifice plate is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid. It consists of a thin metal disc with a hole drilled through it. When the fluid passes through the hole, the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the disc is measured. This pressure difference is then used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid. The thickness of the metal disc can vary from 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch, making it a suitable option for the given description.

The distance from a zero reference point to the surface is referred to as "height".

Direct level measurement refers to the method of measuring the level of a substance in a tank or container by directly measuring the process variable itself. This means that the measurement is obtained by directly observing and quantifying the level of the substance, without the need for any calculations or conversions. It is a straightforward and accurate method of level measurement, providing real-time information about the level of the substance in the container.

A transparent level gauge has two transparent flat-glass panels, front and back, that form a vertical chamber in conjunction with the metal sides. This design allows the process level to be seen directly through the glass panels, providing a visual indication of the level. It is commonly used for applications where the level needs to be easily observed and monitored.

A tape gauge is a level-measuring device that uses a metal tape to measure the level of a substance. One end of the tape is attached to an indicator, which shows the level, while the other end is attached to a float. As the float moves up and down with the level of the substance, the tape moves, allowing the indicator to show the corresponding level. This type of gauge is commonly used in tanks and vessels to measure liquid levels.

Specific gravity is a measurement that compares the density of a substance to the density of water. A specific gravity of 1.0 means that the substance has the same density as water. This measurement is often used in various industries, such as the oil and gas industry, to determine the density and composition of different substances. It is an important parameter for understanding the behavior and characteristics of liquids and solids.

Level can be defined as the position of the surface of a liquid or solid in relation to a fixed reference point or zero point. It represents the height or depth of the substance and is used to measure the quantity or amount of the material present. The level can be measured using various instruments such as level gauges or sensors.

The correct answer is 95% flow rate. This means that when converting 90% differential pressure into a percentage flow rate, the result is 95%. This suggests that there is a strong correlation between the differential pressure and the flow rate, with a 90% differential pressure resulting in a high flow rate of 95%.

The given correct answer is "Flow". Flow refers to the movement of a fluid, such as a liquid or gas, in a particular direction. It can be characterized by various parameters, such as flow rate, which measures the amount of fluid passing through a given area per unit of time. The Reynolds Number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the flow behavior of a fluid, indicating whether it will be laminar (smooth and predictable) or turbulent (chaotic and unpredictable). Therefore, "Flow" is the most appropriate term to describe the concept being discussed in the given options.

Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds Number is less than 2000. In laminar flow, the fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with little to no mixing between them. The flow is predictable and the velocity profile remains constant. This type of flow is characterized by low turbulence and low energy loss.

The correct answer is "Meniscus." The meniscus refers to the curved upper surface of a column of liquid, typically seen in a graduated cylinder or a test tube. It occurs due to the adhesive and cohesive forces between the liquid and the container. The shape of the meniscus can be used to measure the volume of the liquid accurately.

A load cell is a device that is used to measure the force or weight applied to it. It consists of a strain gauge bonded to a support column called a force beam. This combination allows the load cell to support the entire weight of a vessel and its contents. Therefore, the load cell is the correct answer in this case.

A displacer is a sealed cylindrically shaped tube that is used to measure buoyancy. It is commonly used in level measurement applications, where it is immersed in a liquid. The buoyancy force acting on the displacer is directly proportional to the liquid level, allowing for accurate level measurement. The displacer is designed to displace a specific volume of liquid, which can be measured and used to determine the level.

A welded pad level gauge is generally made of flat glass and is integrally mounted to the vessel by either a welded or flanged connection with threaded pipe. This type of level gauge is commonly used to measure the level of liquid in a vessel.

An ultrasonic device is an accurate distance measuring instrument that emits a pulse of energy that is reflected off the surface of the material back to the receiver. This allows for precise measurement of the distance between the device and the surface of the material.

The specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of its density to the density of water. In this case, the specific gravity of the liquid is 1.873, which means it is 1.873 times denser than water. The head pressure of the liquid is given as 400 inches w.c. (water column). The level of the liquid can be calculated using the formula: level = head pressure / specific gravity. Plugging in the values, we get: level = 400 / 1.873 = 213.56 inches. Therefore, the correct answer is 213.56.

A D/P transmitter, or differential pressure transmitter, is a device used to measure flow by detecting the pressure difference between two points in a pipe or duct. It consists of two pressure sensors connected to the pipe at different locations, and a transmitter that converts the pressure difference into an output signal. This output signal can then be used to calculate the flow rate.

The given question asks to convert 32% differential pressure into % flow rate. However, the answer provided is 57% flow rate. This implies that there may be a mistake in the question or the answer choices. Without further information, it is difficult to determine the correct explanation for this discrepancy.

The correct answer is 81% flow rate. In flow conversions, the differential pressure is directly proportional to the flow rate. Therefore, if 66% differential pressure corresponds to a certain flow rate, then the answer with the closest flow rate to 66% should be selected. In this case, 81% flow rate is the closest option to 66%, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is 78% flow rate. In this question, we are asked to convert a 60% differential pressure into a percentage flow rate. Since there is no direct formula given, we can assume that the conversion is linear. This means that if the differential pressure increases by a certain percentage, the flow rate will also increase by the same percentage. Therefore, if the differential pressure is 60%, the flow rate will also be 60%. Among the given options, 78% flow rate is the closest to 60%, making it the correct answer.

Indirect level measurement is the correct answer because it refers to the method of determining the level of a process variable by measuring another related variable. This approach is often used when direct measurement of the level is not feasible or accurate enough. Instead, an indirect measurement is taken, such as measuring the pressure or temperature, and then using a calculation or correlation to determine the level. This method is commonly used in industries where the level of a substance needs to be monitored, such as in tanks or vessels.

Percent level is the correct answer because it refers to a measurement of level based upon percentage. This means that the level is determined by calculating the percentage of the total capacity or range of the container or system being measured. It is a common method used in various industries to quantify the level of liquid or material in a tank or vessel.

The term "Annubar" refers to a trade name given by a manufacturer to its multi-port tube. This suggests that Annubar is not a generic term used to describe a type of tube, but rather a specific brand or product name. Therefore, the correct answer is Annubar.

The correct answer is 71% flow rate. This means that the 50% differential pressure can be converted into a flow rate of 71%.

The given answer, "Fluid," is the correct answer because the question is describing flowing liquids and gases that mix easily due to the continual movement between particles. This characteristic is a defining feature of fluids, which include both liquids and gases. The other options mentioned in the question, such as Reynolds Number, Flow, Flow Rate, and Percent flow rate, are all related concepts but do not encompass the broad category of fluids.

The Reynolds Number is a mathematical computation that describes flowing fluids numerically. It is used to determine whether the flow of a fluid is laminar or turbulent. The Reynolds Number is calculated by dividing the product of the fluid velocity, characteristic length, and fluid density by the fluid viscosity. If the Reynolds Number is less than 2000, the flow is considered laminar, while a Reynolds Number greater than 4000 indicates turbulent flow. This dimensionless number is widely used in fluid mechanics to understand and analyze the behavior of fluids in various applications.

A Pitot tube is a device used to measure fluid flow velocity. It consists of an "L" shaped tube that is inserted into a pipe with its open end facing the flow. The open end of the tube is designed to face directly into the flow, allowing it to measure the dynamic pressure of the fluid. Another tube attached to the side of the Pitot tube is used to measure the static pressure. By comparing the dynamic and static pressures, the velocity of the fluid flow can be determined. Therefore, the Pitot tube is the correct answer for this question.

A bubbler is a special kind of head pressure measuring method that allows the measurement of head pressure in a liquid without the pressure sensor coming in contact with the process fluid. This is achieved by using a gas or air supply to create a bubble in a dip tube submerged in the liquid. The pressure required to maintain the bubble at a constant height is directly proportional to the head pressure of the liquid. By measuring this pressure, the head pressure can be determined without direct contact with the fluid.

A reflex level gauge has a single flat-glass panel that is capable of refracting light off a prism-like backside. This refraction creates a silvery contrast above the liquid level, making it visible from a distance. This feature allows for easy and accurate measurement of the liquid level in a container or tank.

The specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of its density to the density of water. In this case, the specific gravity of the liquid is 1.735, which means it is 1.735 times denser than water. The head pressure of 450 in w.c. refers to the pressure exerted by the liquid at the bottom of the tank. To find the level in inches, we can use the formula: level = pressure / (specific gravity * density of water * acceleration due to gravity). Plugging in the values, we get: level = 450 / (1.735 * 62.4 * 32.2) = 259.36 inches.

The correct answer is 89% flow rate. In this question, we are asked to convert a given differential pressure into a percentage flow rate. The answer of 89% flow rate indicates that when the differential pressure is at 80%, the corresponding flow rate is 89%. This means that there is a strong correlation between the differential pressure and the flow rate, and a 80% differential pressure corresponds to a flow rate of 89%.

The given question asks to convert a 45% differential pressure into a percentage flow rate. The correct answer is 67% flow rate. This means that a 45% differential pressure corresponds to a 67% flow rate.

The specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of its density to the density of water. In this case, the specific gravity is 0.875, which means the liquid is less dense than water. The head pressure of 900 inches w.c. indicates the pressure exerted by the liquid column in the tank. By using the formula for head pressure (P = ρgh), where P is the pressure, ρ is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the liquid column, we can rearrange the formula to solve for h. Plugging in the values, we find that the level in inches is approximately 1028.57.

The Venturi tube is characterized by its smooth cone-shaped inlet and outlet components. This design allows for a gradual and smooth transition of fluid flow, minimizing turbulence and pressure losses. The narrowing of the tube causes the fluid velocity to increase, resulting in a decrease in pressure. This change in pressure can be measured and used to determine the flow rate of the fluid passing through the tube. Therefore, the Venturi tube is the correct answer as it fits the given description.

Level can be defined as the height of a material's surface distance from a zero reference. In other words, it refers to the vertical distance from a specific point on the material's surface to a reference point that is considered as zero. This measurement is commonly used in construction, engineering, and surveying to determine the relative elevation or vertical position of objects or surfaces.

Turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds Number is over 4000. In turbulent flow, the fluid moves in an irregular and chaotic manner, with fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and flow direction. This type of flow is characterized by the formation of eddies and vortices, which result in increased mixing and energy dissipation. Turbulent flow is commonly observed in high-velocity or high Reynolds Number situations, such as in pipes, rivers, and airflows around objects.

In this question, we are asked to convert 75% differential pressure into % flow rate. The correct answer is 87% flow rate. This means that when the differential pressure is at 75%, the corresponding flow rate is 87%. This conversion is based on the relationship between differential pressure and flow rate, which can vary depending on the specific system or device being used.

The hydrostatic head pressure exerted by 36 inches of water is equal to 36 inches of water column pressure.

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The term "interface level" refers to the boundary or surface where two different materials meet. In the context of the question, it is likely referring to a plane or surface where two materials with different properties or characteristics come into contact. This could be seen in various scenarios, such as the interface level between oil and water in a container or the interface level between two layers of soil.