Foot Health Practitioner - Qp6

1. The three main parts of the brain are: (Select three)

The cerebellum

The dura mater

The cerebrum

The brain stem

The cerebellum, cerebrum, and brain stem are the three main parts of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for conscious thought, memory, and processing sensory information. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Explanation

The cerebellum, cerebrum, and brain stem are the three main parts of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for conscious thought, memory, and processing sensory information. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

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2. The nervous system may be divided into two principal divisions: (Select two)

The central nervous system

The autonomic nervous system

The peripheral nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system

The nervous system is divided into two principal divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS includes all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the brain and the organs, muscles, and sensory receptors. Therefore, the correct answer is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Explanation

The nervous system is divided into two principal divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS includes all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the brain and the organs, muscles, and sensory receptors. Therefore, the correct answer is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

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3. Lumbar and sacral plexuses give rise to the fermoral nerve, the obturator nerve, and the sciatic nerve.

True

False

The lumbar and sacral plexuses are nerve networks located in the lower back and pelvis. These plexuses give rise to several major nerves, including the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and sciatic nerve. Therefore, the statement that the lumbar and sacral plexuses give rise to the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and sciatic nerve is true.

Explanation

The lumbar and sacral plexuses are nerve networks located in the lower back and pelvis. These plexuses give rise to several major nerves, including the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and sciatic nerve. Therefore, the statement that the lumbar and sacral plexuses give rise to the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and sciatic nerve is true.

4. Match the following statements:

They support by forming networks or supporting structures around neurones.

They are nerve cells responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another.

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5. ______ ______are commonly recognised neurotransmitters.

Adrenalin and dopamine

Noradrenalin and dopamine

Noradrenalin and serotonin

Noradrenalin and dopamine are commonly recognized neurotransmitters in the brain. Noradrenalin is involved in regulating attention, alertness, and stress response, while dopamine plays a role in motivation, reward, and movement. Both neurotransmitters are important for communication between nerve cells and are involved in various physiological and psychological processes.

Explanation

Noradrenalin and dopamine are commonly recognized neurotransmitters in the brain. Noradrenalin is involved in regulating attention, alertness, and stress response, while dopamine plays a role in motivation, reward, and movement. Both neurotransmitters are important for communication between nerve cells and are involved in various physiological and psychological processes.

6. The 'knee jerk' reflex is voluntary and serves to stop us collapsing at the knee.

True

False

The statement is false because the knee-jerk reflex is actually an involuntary reflex. It is a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus, such as tapping the patellar tendon below the kneecap. This reflex involves the contraction of the quadriceps muscle, causing the leg to extend. It is not under conscious control and does not serve to stop us from collapsing at the knee.

Explanation

The statement is false because the knee-jerk reflex is actually an involuntary reflex. It is a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus, such as tapping the patellar tendon below the kneecap. This reflex involves the contraction of the quadriceps muscle, causing the leg to extend. It is not under conscious control and does not serve to stop us from collapsing at the knee.

7. Match the following statements:

From nerve cells in the ganglia, postganglionic fibres travel in grey rami communicantes to each of the spinal nerves supplying the viscera.

The system produces impulses which drive the digestive glands and the smooth muscle of the alimentary tract, aiding digestion of energy producing foodstuffs and the absorption of nutrients.

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8. Match the following statements:

The cutting edges of the teeth are directed towards the holding hand, so that the instrument cuts as it is pulled.

The individual loops of the applicator may be spread slightly to accommodate the larger toe if required.

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