Muscles Of The Lower Extremity 1
Welcome to the electronic human anatomy and physiology classroom of the 21st Century. This test will focus on the muscles and muscle groups of the lower extremity of the thigh, lower leg, and foot. The musculature, bony structure, and joints of the pelvic girdle function in locomotion and maintenance of stability. Please note the terms "action" and "function" have the same meaning.
You will have an unlimited number of attempts to earn a good grade and improve test-taking skills. Each attempt will generate a new set of questions and re-order answers.
Read moreI wish you good luck and earn high marks on this test.
- 1.
What is the action of the iliopsoas?
- A.
Extends (dorsiflexes) foot
- B.
Extends leg
- C.
Flexes thigh
- D.
Extends toes
- E.
Adducts thigh
Correct Answer
C. Flexes thighExplanation
The iliopsoas is a group of muscles located in the hip region. Its main action is to flex the thigh, which means it brings the thigh closer to the abdomen. This action is important for activities such as walking, running, and climbing stairs. The other options listed in the question are not correct actions of the iliopsoas.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?
- A.
Illium
- B.
Femur
- C.
Ischium
- D.
Tibia
- E.
Fibula
Correct Answer
B. FemurExplanation
The vastus intermedius muscle originates from the femur.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Biceps femoris has an action that flexes leg, and extends the thigh.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh that has two heads and is responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint. Additionally, one of the heads of the biceps femoris also assists in extending the thigh at the hip joint. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the actions of the biceps femoris muscle.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is action of the Gracilis muscle?
- A.
Extends leg
- B.
Flexes thigh
- C.
Adducts thigh; flexes & adducts leg
- D.
Flexes thigh and foot
- E.
Extends thigh; flexes & abducts leg
Correct Answer
C. Adducts thigh; flexes & adducts legExplanation
The Gracilis muscle is responsible for adducting the thigh, which means it brings the thigh towards the midline of the body. Additionally, it flexes and adducts the leg, which means it helps in bending the leg and bringing it towards the midline of the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What muscle has the physical therapist placed his left hand during this exercise?
- A.
Inferior Gastrocnemius
- B.
Superior Gastrocnemius
- C.
Medial Gastrocnemius
- D.
Lateral Gastrocnemius
- E.
Extensor digitorum longus
Correct Answer
B. Superior GastrocnemiusExplanation
The physical therapist has placed his left hand on the Superior Gastrocnemius muscle during this exercise.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the origin of the Gluteus medius as show in the image below?
- A.
Hip
- B.
Femur
- C.
Tibia
- D.
Ischium
- E.
Tibia and fibula
Correct Answer
A. HipExplanation
The origin of the Gluteus medius is the hip.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the happening to the calf muscles of the male patient in the image?
- A.
Cramps
- B.
Aches
- C.
Atrophy
- D.
Strain
Correct Answer
A. CrampsExplanation
The male patient in the image is experiencing cramps in his calf muscles. Cramps are involuntary muscle contractions that can cause sudden and intense pain. They can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, muscle fatigue, electrolyte imbalances, or nerve damage. Cramps often resolve on their own but can be relieved by stretching, massaging, or applying heat to the affected area.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris?
- A.
Ischium, femur and fibula
- B.
Ilium and femur
- C.
Hip and tibia
- D.
Tibia and calcaneus
- E.
Tibia, Fibula and Calcaneus
Correct Answer
A. Ischium, femur and fibulaExplanation
The correct answer is "Ischium, femur and fibula." The biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh. Its origin includes the ischial tuberosity of the ischium bone and the linea aspera of the femur bone. Its insertion is on the head of the fibula bone.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What muscle will have the action of flexing the foot in plantar position?
- A.
Vastus intermedius
- B.
Peroneus
- C.
Biceps femoris
- D.
Gluteus medius
- E.
Semimenbranosus
Correct Answer
B. PeroneusExplanation
The peroneus muscle is responsible for flexing the foot in a plantar position. This muscle runs along the outer side of the lower leg and helps to control movements of the foot and ankle. When the peroneus muscle contracts, it causes the foot to flex downwards, allowing for movements such as pointing the toes or pushing off the ground while walking or running.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the insertion of the semimembranosus that flexes leg and extends the thigh?
- A.
Tibia
- B.
Fibula
- C.
Hip
- D.
Ilium
- E.
Phalanges
Correct Answer
A. TibiaExplanation
The correct answer is Tibia. The insertion of the semimembranosus muscle is on the tibia bone. This muscle is responsible for flexing the leg and extending the thigh.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Choose the three muscles which compose the hamstring group?
- A.
Biceps femoris
- B.
Gluteus medius
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Gastrocnemius
- E.
Senitendinosus
- F.
Vastus medialis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Biceps femoris
C. Semimembranosus
E. SenitendinosusExplanation
The correct answer is Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, and Senitendinosus. These three muscles are all part of the hamstring group. The hamstring group is located in the back of the thigh and is responsible for flexing the knee joint and extending the hip joint. The Biceps femoris is the largest muscle in the group and has two heads, the long head and the short head. The Semimembranosus and Senitendinosus are also important muscles in the hamstring group, contributing to the overall function and stability of the leg.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which muscles compose the quadriceps femoris?
- A.
Rector femoris
- B.
Vastus Lateralis
- C.
Vastus Medialis
- D.
Vastus Intermedius
- E.
Gracilis
- F.
Soleus
- G.
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rector femoris
B. Vastus Lateralis
C. Vastus Medialis
D. Vastus IntermediusExplanation
The correct answer is Rector femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, and Vastus Intermedius. These four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris, which is located in the anterior thigh. The quadriceps femoris is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint and is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The other muscles listed, Gracilis, Soleus, and Extensor Digitorum Longus, are not part of the quadriceps femoris.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Identify the muscle labeled "E"
- A.
Tibialis Anterior
- B.
Vastus Intermedius
- C.
Rectus Femoris
- D.
Lumbricales
- E.
Flexor digitorum brevis
Correct Answer
C. Rectus FemorisExplanation
The muscle labeled "E" is the Rectus Femoris.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Identify the muscle labeled "F"
- A.
Vastus Medialis
- B.
Tensor Fascia Latia
- C.
Vastus Lateralis
- D.
Peroneus longus
- E.
Soleus
Correct Answer
C. Vastus LateralisExplanation
The correct answer is Vastus Lateralis. This muscle is located on the outer side of the thigh and is one of the four quadriceps muscles. It is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint and stabilizing the patella (kneecap). The Vastus Lateralis muscle plays a crucial role in activities such as running, jumping, and squatting.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Identify the muscle labeled "C"
- A.
Tibialis Anterior
- B.
Extensor digitorum longus
- C.
Fibularis longus
- D.
Abductor digiti miniumi
Correct Answer
B. Extensor digitorum longusExplanation
The correct answer is Extensor digitorum longus. This muscle is responsible for extending the toes and dorsiflexing the foot. It is located on the anterior side of the leg, running down the length of the tibia bone.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Identify the muscle labeled "A"
- A.
Vastus medialis
- B.
Rectus femoris
- C.
Vastus lateralis
- D.
Tensor fasciae latae
Correct Answer
B. Rectus femorisExplanation
The correct answer is Rectus femoris. The rectus femoris is one of the four quadriceps muscles located in the front of the thigh. It is the only muscle of the quadriceps group that crosses both the hip and knee joints, making it a two-joint muscle. Its primary function is to flex the hip joint and extend the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which muscles attach directly to the quadriceps tendon ONLY?
- A.
Vastus medialis
- B.
Vastus intermedius
- C.
Vastus lateralis
- D.
Rectus femoris
- E.
Sartorius
Correct Answer(s)
C. Vastus lateralis
D. Rectus femorisExplanation
The muscles that attach directly to the quadriceps tendon only are the Vastus lateralis and Rectus femoris. The Vastus medialis and Vastus intermedius also attach to the quadriceps tendon, but they have additional attachments to other structures. The Sartorius muscle does not attach directly to the quadriceps tendon, but rather attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine and the medial surface of the tibia.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Where does sartorius insert distally?
- A.
Quadriceps tendon
- B.
Tibial tuberosity
- C.
Anterior surface of tibia
- D.
Fibular
- E.
Lateral condyle
Correct Answer
C. Anterior surface of tibiaExplanation
The sartorius muscle inserts distally on the anterior surface of the tibia. This means that the muscle attaches to the front side of the tibia bone.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Where does semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?
- A.
Tibia
- B.
Fibula
- C.
Humerus
- D.
Metatarsal bones
- E.
Tarsal
Correct Answer
A. TibiaExplanation
The semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles are both part of the hamstring group, and they both insert on the tibia. These muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and run down the back of the thigh. They cross the knee joint and insert on the tibia, helping to flex the knee and extend the hip. The tibia is one of the two major bones in the lower leg, and it is responsible for bearing most of the body's weight. Therefore, it makes sense for these muscles to insert on the tibia to provide stability and support during movement.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What are the actions of gastrocnemius?
- A.
Extends foot
- B.
Plantar Flex ankle knee flexion (when not weight bearing)
- C.
Dorsiflex foot
- D.
Flexes big toe
Correct Answer
A. Extends footExplanation
The gastrocnemius is a muscle located in the calf region of the leg. It is responsible for extending the foot, which means it helps to point the toes downward. This action is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius and soleus?
- A.
Through calcaneal tendon to calcaneous
- B.
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- C.
Posterior & medial tibial surfce
- D.
Navicular tuberosity
Correct Answer
B. Calcaneus via calcaneal tendonExplanation
The correct answer is "calcaneus via calcaneal tendon." The insertion of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles is the calcaneus, which is the heel bone, and this insertion is achieved through the calcaneal tendon. The calcaneal tendon, also known as the Achilles tendon, connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, allowing for movement and stability in the foot and ankle.Rate this question:
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- 22.
How many muscles extends leg and/or flexes the thigh?
- A.
5
- B.
8
- C.
9
- D.
11
- E.
13
Correct Answer
D. 11Explanation
There are 11 muscles that extend the leg and/or flex the thigh. These muscles include the quadriceps femoris (made up of four muscles), the sartorius, the tensor fasciae latae, the gracilis, the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus, and the biceps femoris (made up of two muscles). These muscles work together to allow movement and stability in the leg and thigh.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Identify the muscle labeled "D"
- A.
Fibularis brevis
- B.
Fibularis tertius
- C.
Extensor digitorum longus
- D.
Gracilis
- E.
Sartorius
Correct Answer
C. Extensor digitorum longusExplanation
The correct answer is extensor digitorum longus. The muscle labeled "D" is the extensor digitorum longus, which is located in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is responsible for extending the toes and dorsiflexing the foot.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is the origin of the vastus medialis? (Hint: you may have to research medical dictionary for this question.)
- A.
Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
- B.
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
- C.
Anterior iliac spine
- D.
Posterior pornator teres
- E.
Anterior minimus
Correct Answer
B. Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femurExplanation
The vastus medialis originates from the intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Please identify three (3) muscles which compose the Iliopsoas. (Note: please choose three answers to receive full credit.)
- A.
Psoas minor
- B.
Iliacus
- C.
Psoas major
- D.
Tensor fasciae latae
- E.
Gracilis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Psoas minor
B. Iliacus
C. Psoas majorExplanation
The Iliopsoas is composed of three muscles: the Psoas minor, Iliacus, and Psoas major. These muscles work together to flex the hip joint and help with movements such as walking, running, and climbing stairs. The Psoas major is the largest of the three muscles and originates from the lumbar vertebrae, while the Iliacus originates from the iliac fossa. The Psoas minor is a smaller muscle that is not present in all individuals. Together, these muscles play an important role in hip flexion and stability.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Please identify three (3) muscles which adducts thigh only. (Note: please choose three answers to receive full credit.)
- A.
Adductor Brevis
- B.
Adductor Longus
- C.
Adductor Magnus
- D.
Abductor Medius
- E.
Pectineus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Adductor Brevis
B. Adductor Longus
C. Adductor MagnusExplanation
The three muscles that adduct the thigh only are the Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, and Adductor Magnus. These muscles are responsible for bringing the thigh towards the midline of the body. The Abductor Medius and Pectineus muscles, on the other hand, are not involved in adduction but rather in abduction and flexion of the thigh respectively.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The _____ muscle does adduct and medially rotate the thigh but its primary function is hip flexion.
- A.
Pectineus
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Gluteal Group Maximus
- D.
Gluteal Group Minimus
- E.
Sartorius
Correct Answer
A. PectineusExplanation
The correct answer is Pectineus. The Pectineus muscle is responsible for adducting and medially rotating the thigh, but its primary function is hip flexion. This means that it helps to bring the thigh closer to the abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the name of the muscle colored in red?
- A.
Vatus Intermedius
- B.
Sartorius
- C.
Semimembranosus
- D.
Semitendinosus
- E.
Abductor hallucis
Correct Answer
D. SemitendinosusExplanation
The correct answer is Semitendinosus. Semitendinosus is a muscle located in the posterior compartment of the thigh. It is one of the hamstring muscles and is responsible for flexing the knee joint and extending the hip joint. The muscle is named "semitendinosus" because it has a long tendon that attaches to the tibia bone.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is the name of lower leg muscle "number 17"?
- A.
Adductor Longus
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Soleus
- D.
Biceps femoris
- E.
Vastus Intermedius
Correct Answer
B. GracilisExplanation
The correct answer is Gracilis. Gracilis is the name of the lower leg muscle number 17.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What two muscles taper and merge at the base of the calf muscle. Tough connective tissue at the bottom of the calf muscle merges with the Achilles tendon.
- A.
Sartorius and Soleus
- B.
Soleus and Gastrocnemius
- C.
Tibialis Anterior and Soleus
- D.
Vastus Medialis and Gastrocnemius
Correct Answer
B. Soleus and GastrocnemiusExplanation
The correct answer is Soleus and Gastrocnemius. The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles taper and merge at the base of the calf muscle. The tough connective tissue at the bottom of the calf muscle then merges with the Achilles tendon. These two muscles work together to allow for plantar flexion of the foot and extension of the leg at the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What has medically happened to this patient's calf muscles?
- A.
Ruptured gastrocnemius and soleus
- B.
Torn gastrocnemius and soleus
- C.
Strain gastrocnemius and Biceps femoris
- D.
Pulled gastrocnemius and soleus
- E.
Cancer of the gastrocnemius and soleus
Correct Answer
A. Ruptured gastrocnemius and soleusExplanation
The patient's calf muscles have experienced a rupture, specifically the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.Rate this question:
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- 32.
What is the ORIGIN of the tibialis anterior?
- A.
Tibia (lateral condyle of upper body)
- B.
Femur (condyles)
- C.
Tibia (lateral condyle)
- D.
Fibula (distal third)
- E.
Fibula (head and shaft)
Correct Answer
A. Tibia (lateral condyle of upper body)Explanation
The origin of the tibialis anterior is the lateral condyle of the upper body of the tibia. This means that the muscle originates from the outer side of the upper part of the tibia bone.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is the function of the Peroneus longus tibia (lateral condyle)? (Please enter your two-word answer in lower case letters.)
Correct Answer
plantar flexionExplanation
The Peroneus longus muscle is responsible for plantar flexion, which is the movement of pointing the foot downwards. This muscle helps to stabilize the ankle joint and provides support during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Plantar flexion is essential for activities that involve pushing off the ground, such as walking uphill or jumping.Rate this question:
- 34.
What is the insertion of the Peroneus longus tibia (lateral condyle)? (Please enter your two-word answer in lower case letters.)
Correct Answer
first cuneiformExplanation
The insertion of the Peroneus longus is the first cuneiform.Rate this question:
- 35.
What is the origin of the Extensor digitorum longus?
- A.
Tibia (lateral condyle)
- B.
Fibula (posterior surface)
- C.
Tibia (second distal third)
- D.
Fibula (distal fourth)
- E.
Femur (condyles)
Correct Answer
A. Tibia (lateral condyle)Explanation
The origin of the Extensor digitorum longus is the lateral condyle of the tibia.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What is the origin of the semitendinosus?
- A.
Ischium (tuberosity)
- B.
Femur (linea aspera)
- C.
Ilium (anterior inferior spine)
- D.
Coxal (anterior, superior)
Correct Answer
A. Ischium (tuberosity)Explanation
The semitendinosus muscle originates from the ischium tuberosity.Rate this question:
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- 37.
What muscle in (green) permits crossing of legs tailor fashion?
- A.
Quadricepts femoris group
- B.
Rectus femoris
- C.
Sartorius
- D.
Hamstring Group
- E.
Semimembranosus
Correct Answer
C. SartoriusExplanation
The muscle that permits crossing of legs tailor fashion is the Sartorius muscle. The Sartorius muscle is a long, thin muscle that runs from the hip to the knee and is responsible for flexing, abducting, and laterally rotating the hip joint. It is the longest muscle in the body and is involved in various movements of the hip and knee joints, including crossing the legs in a tailor fashion.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The insertion of the sartorius muscle is the fibula (medial surface of upper end of shaft).
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The insertion of the sartorius muscle is not the fibula. The sartorius muscle originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts into the medial surface of the tibia, not the fibula. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Calf strains may be minor or very severe and are typically graded as follows:
- _____ _____ Calf Strain: The muscle is stretched causing some small micro tears in the muscle fibers. Full recovery takes approximately two weeks.
- A.
Grade 1
- B.
Grade 2
- C.
Grade 3
- D.
Grade 4
- E.
Grade 5
Correct Answer
A. Grade 1Explanation
Grade 1 calf strain refers to a minor injury where the calf muscle is stretched, resulting in small micro tears in the muscle fibers. This type of strain typically requires around two weeks for full recovery.Rate this question:
- 40.
Calf strains may be minor or very severe and are typically graded as follows:
- In _____ _____ there is partial tearing of muscle fibers. Full recovery takes approximately 5-8 weeks.
- A.
Grade 1
- B.
Grade 2
- C.
Grade 3
- D.
Grade 4
- E.
Grade 5
Correct Answer
B. Grade 2Explanation
Grade 2 calf strains involve partial tearing of muscle fibers. This means that the injury is more severe than a Grade 1 strain, but not as severe as a Grade 3 strain. It typically takes around 5-8 weeks for a full recovery from a Grade 2 calf strain.Rate this question:
- 41.
Calf strains may be minor or very severe and are typically graded as follows:
- This is the most severe calf strain with a complete tearing or rupture of muscle fibers in the lower leg. Full recovery can take 3-4 months and, in some instances, surgery may be needed.
- A.
Grade 1
- B.
Grade 2
- C.
Grade 3
- D.
Grade 4
- E.
Grade 5
Correct Answer
C. Grade 3Explanation
Grade 3 calf strain refers to the most severe calf strain where there is a complete tearing or rupture of muscle fibers in the lower leg. This injury requires a longer recovery time of 3-4 months and in some cases, surgery may be necessary.Rate this question:
.jpg "What is the origin of the Extensor digitorum longus?")
.jpg "Calf strains may be minor or very severe and are typically graded as follows:
This is the most severe calf strain with a complete tearing or rupture of muscle fibers in the lower leg. Full recovery can take 3-4 months and, in some instances, surgery may be needed.")
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