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Intrusive magma is cooler because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock.
Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow.
The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow.
The extrusive magma, because it is deep below the surface, cools very slowly producing very small mineral grains
Highly viscous; cools quickly
Highly viscous; cools slowly
Highly fluid; cools slowly
Highly fluid; cools quickly
Silica content
Texture
Mineral content
Bowen's reaction series
Aphanitic
Porphyritic
Phaneritic
Glassy
Aphanitic
Porphyritic
Phaneritic
Glassy
Aphanitic
Porphyritic
Phaneritic
Glassy
Aphanitic
Porphyritic
Phaneritic
Glassy
Porphyrocryst
Vesicle
Phenocryst
Xenocryst
Olivine
Quartz
Orthoclase
Sodium-rich plagioclase
granite; gabbro
Andesite; rhyolite
Andesite; diorite
Rhyolite; gabbro
Phenocrysts
Vesicles
Pegmatites
Matrix or groundmass
Granite
Gabbro
Basalt
Rhyolite
Rhyolitic tuff
Porphyritic basalt
Intrusive granite
Andesitic lava
Obsidian
Pegmatite
Tuff
Pumice
Peridotite
Rhyolite
Andesite
Granite
Biotite
Quartz
Olivine
Muscovite
Plagioclase
Microcline
Orthoclase
Pyroxene
Polished cubes
Broken chips
Thin sections
Grain karats
Obsidian
Pumice
Pegmatite
Granite
Basalt dike; fills a vertical fracture at shallow depth
Pumice lump; crystallized at depth in a mass of intrusive granite
Peridotite; crystallized at depth in the upper mantle
Pegmatite; crystallized from a water-rich, highly differentiated, residual magma
Glassy
Pyroclastic
Aphanitic
Phaneritic
Basalt
Granite
Gabbro
Diorite
Basaltic composition
Glassy texture
Ultramafic composition
Phaneritic texture
The rock is crystalline; mineral grains are too small to be visible without a magnifying lens or microscope
The mineral grains have glassy textures.
The rock consists of broken, volcanic-rock and mineral fragments.
The rock is crystalline; mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes.
Pyroclastic
Glassy
Aphanitic
Phaneritic
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