Geology Chapter I Quiz

Geology is the study of Earth's physical structures, composition, and history. It explores processes that shaped the Earth, like plate tectonics, volcanism, and erosion.

The Richter scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes. It quantifies the energy released by an earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves.

Metamorphic rocks are formed through the alteration of existing rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Examples include marble, slate, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are primarily composed of organic remains. Fossils and organic matter, such as shells and plant material, accumulate and undergo compaction to form sedimentary rocks.

Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material (magma or lava). Examples of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, and obsidian.

The principle of superposition states that in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest rocks are at the top. It helps geologists determine relative ages of rocks.

Lithification is the process of converting loose sediment into sedimentary rock. It involves compaction, cementation, and hardening of sediment under pressure.

Plate tectonics is the process responsible for the continuous movement and recycling of Earth's lithosphere. It involves the movement of Earth's tectonic plates due to convection currents in the mantle.

The term for the color of a mineral when it is powdered is called streak. It is determined by rubbing the mineral on a porcelain plate and observing the color left behind.

Granite is not an extrusive igneous rock. It is primarily composed of large mineral grains and forms beneath the Earth's surface through the slow cooling of magma.